CN114544370A - Experimental device and experimental method for simulating axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas outburst - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for simulating axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas outburst Download PDFInfo
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- CN114544370A CN114544370A CN202210177227.8A CN202210177227A CN114544370A CN 114544370 A CN114544370 A CN 114544370A CN 202210177227 A CN202210177227 A CN 202210177227A CN 114544370 A CN114544370 A CN 114544370A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
An experimental device and a test method for simulating the axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas outburst are disclosed, wherein the device comprises: the first sub-piece is of a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical cavity penetrating through the front and the back, the included angle between the end face of the front end of the first sub-piece and the central axis of the cylindrical cavity is 45-90 degrees, and the front end of the first sub-piece is in contact with a test rock wall to be tested; the second sub-part is provided with a cylindrical cavity, only one end of the cylindrical cavity is open and is matched with the peripheral surface of the first sub-part, the first sub-part is sleeved and fixed in the cylindrical cavity, and the front end face of the first sub-part is externally leaked outside the open side of the second sub-part; the high-pressure resistant sealing bag is arranged in the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece; and the pressurization source is communicated with the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag through a pipeline and is used for providing a medium for expanding the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag. The invention can adjust the size of the cylindrical chamber according to the requirement to better reduce the boundary effect, thereby meeting the requirement of similar experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal and gas outburst simulation test devices, in particular to a tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading simulation test device and a tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading simulation test method.
Background
The coal bed gas is one of major geological disasters in tunnel construction, and along with the acceleration of the infrastructure construction of engineering facilities, particularly the implementation of strategic large development of the middle part and the western part, various tunnels are continuously accelerated to be constructed, and star-and-roll chess cloths such as high-speed railway lines, high-grade highway lines and the like are newly built. The number of the tunnels is more and more, the length of the tunnels is longer and more, the tunnels penetrate through coal-bearing strata more and more, the burial depth is larger and larger, and the tunnels can be coal and gas outburst tunnels. With the rapid development of highway construction, more and more tunnels need to penetrate through coal-bearing strata or natural gas-rich strata, and gas tunnels gradually become key projects and key projects for controlling the safety construction of highways.
However, the occurrence mechanism of coal and gas outburst is very complex, and the means of field monitoring, theoretical research and numerical simulation research are difficult to be competent; dangers are monitored on site, conditions are single, and systematic research is difficult to develop; theoretical research is difficult, and a quantitative model is difficult to establish due to unclear mechanism; and the numerical simulation distortion is serious, and the loss of the mechanism model causes the distortion of the simulation result.
Therefore, a simulation test model with adjustable parameters, controllable process, repeatable results, and data acquisition, which is convenient for research on coal and gas outburst generators, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the outburst axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an experimental device for simulating the axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas outburst, which comprises:
the first sub-piece is of a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical cavity penetrating through the front and the back, the included angle between the end face of the front end of the first sub-piece and the central axis of the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece is 45-90 degrees, and the front end of the first sub-piece is used for being in contact with a test rock wall to be tested;
the second sub-piece is provided with a cylindrical cavity, only one end of the cylindrical cavity is open, the cylindrical cavity is matched with the outer peripheral surface of the first sub-piece, the first sub-piece is sleeved and fixed in the cylindrical cavity, and the front end face of the first sub-piece is externally leaked outside the opening of the second sub-piece;
the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag is arranged in the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece and is used for generating pressure to act on the test rock wall to be tested through the front end opening of the first sub-piece during expansion;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the second sub-piece and used for monitoring the pressure change of the high-pressure resistant sealing bag; and
and the pressurization source is communicated with the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag through a pipeline and is used for providing a medium for expanding the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the present invention, the second sub-assembly includes a plurality of arc-shaped steel plates, the cylindrical chamber is formed by enclosing the plurality of arc-shaped steel plates, and a distance between any two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates is adjustable.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, a plurality of arc-shaped steel plates are sequentially connected around the periphery of the cylindrical chamber, two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates are locked by movable bolts, and the distance between the two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates can be adjusted by the movable bolts.
As a further preferable technical solution of the present invention, the arc-shaped steel plate has an arc-shaped body and a connecting portion bent outward at an edge of the arc-shaped body, and the movable bolt is connected to the connecting portion.
As a further preferable technical scheme of the present invention, the sealed end of the cylindrical chamber is provided with fan-shaped movable fixed steel plates correspondingly connected with each of the arc-shaped steel plates one to one, the sealed end is formed by splicing the fan-shaped movable fixed steel plates, and a pipeline connecting the high pressure resistant sealed bag passes through the sealed end and extends to the outside of the cylindrical chamber.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium is a gas or a liquid, and the pressure source is a high-pressure gas storage tank for supplying a high-pressure gas or a high-pressure liquid storage tank for supplying a high-pressure liquid.
As a further preferable technical solution of the present invention, the first sub-assembly and the second sub-assembly are connected by a snap.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pump as a power transmission device is further provided in a pipe between the pressurization source and the high pressure resistant sealing bag.
According to another scheme of the invention, the invention also provides a test method for simulating the tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading experimental device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), a first sub-piece is sleeved and connected in a second sub-piece, a high-pressure resistant sealing bag is arranged in a cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece, and a pressurization source is communicated with the high-pressure resistant sealing bag through a pipeline;
step 2), enabling the open side of the second sub-piece to face the test rock wall to be tested, and enabling the first sub-piece to leak out of the front end part of the second sub-piece and be tightly attached to the surface of the test rock wall;
step 3), providing a pressurizing medium by a pressurizing source to enable the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag to expand in the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-component, monitoring the pressure change of the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag in real time by a pressure sensor until the test rock wall is extruded and damaged by the expanded high-pressure-resistant sealing bag, and recording the stress experiment data and the strain experiment data of wall body fracture;
as a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the test rock wall is also provided with a strain gauge in an attaching mode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the experimental device and the experimental method for simulating the axial pressure loading of the tunnel coal and gas outburst can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, the cylindrical chambers with different inner diameter sizes can be matched with the first components with different outer diameter sizes, so that the size of the cylindrical chamber can be adjusted according to requirements to be better used for reducing boundary effect, and thus the requirements of similar experiments are met.
2) The first sub-piece and the second sub-piece have higher rigidity and bearing capacity, so that local stress concentration generated during pressure bearing is avoided, and meanwhile, the pressure distribution can be more uniform by using the high-pressure resistant bag made of flexible materials, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is further reduced.
3) The experimental device for simulating the axial pressure loading of the tunnel coal and gas outburst simplifies an experimental system, improves the effective space utilization rate of the experimental device, and leaves enough space in the cylindrical cavity for storing high-pressure gas or liquid for improving the effective space utilization rate of the experimental device, so that the first and second parts are ensured to have sufficient external gas or liquid, and the process of transporting far-field gas to the outburst area under the real condition is facilitated.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example provided by the experimental apparatus for simulating the protruding axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another example provided by the experimental apparatus for simulating the protruding axial pressure loading of tunnel coal and gas according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the first sub-assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an example of the provision of the second subassembly;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second subassembly of fig. 4.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a pressurizing source, 2, a pipeline, 3, a pump, 4, a second sub-piece, 41, an arc-shaped steel plate, 42, a fan-shaped movable fixed steel plate, 43, a movable bolt, 5, a first sub-piece, 6 and a pressure sensor.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the preferred embodiments, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "a" are used for clarity of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the corresponding changes or modifications may be made without substantial technical change.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a simulated tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading experimental device, which comprises a first sub-piece 5, a second sub-piece 4, a high-pressure resistant sealing bag, a pressure sensor 6, a pressurization source 1 and a pipeline 2, wherein:
referring to fig. 3, the first sub-piece 5 is a cylindrical structure having a cylindrical cavity penetrating through the front and back, an included angle between an end surface of a front end of the first sub-piece 5 and a central axis of the cylindrical cavity is 45 to 90 degrees, only the first sub-piece 5 in fig. 1 and 2 has a different structure, the front end surface of the first sub-piece 5 in fig. 1 is perpendicular to the central axis, the front end surface of the first sub-piece 5 in fig. 2 has an inclination angle smaller than 90 degrees with the central axis, the front end of the first sub-piece 5 is used for contacting with a test rock wall to be tested, and the first sub-piece 5 with different inclination angles can be selected according to different test requirements, so that different pressure loads on the test rock wall to be tested can be realized;
referring to fig. 4 and 5, the second sub-assembly 4 has a cylindrical cavity with only one end being open and matched with the outer peripheral surface of the first sub-assembly 5, the first sub-assembly 5 is fixed in the cylindrical cavity in a sleeved manner, the front end face of the first sub-assembly leaks outside the open side of the second sub-assembly, the first sub-assembly 5 is connected with the second sub-assembly 4 through a buckle, the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity of the second sub-assembly 4 is adjustable, and the cylindrical cavities with different inner diameter sizes are used for being matched with the first sub-assemblies 5 with different outer diameter sizes;
the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag is arranged in a cylindrical cavity of the first sub-component 5, is made of flexible materials, is inflated by high-pressure media and can expand, and is used for changing the direction of loading pressure;
a pressure sensor 6 is arranged on the second sub-piece for monitoring the pressure change of the high pressure resistant sealing bag;
the pressurization source 1 is communicated with the high-pressure-resistant sealed bag through a pipeline 2, a pump 3 serving as a power transmission device is further arranged in the pipeline 2, the pressurization source 1 provides a medium under the power transmission of the pump 3 so as to enable the high-pressure-resistant sealed bag to generate pressure after being expanded, the medium can be selected to be gas (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen) or liquid (such as water) according to experimental requirements, and the pressurization source 1 is a high-pressure gas storage tank for providing high-pressure gas or a high-pressure liquid storage tank for providing high-pressure liquid.
In specific implementation, a valve, a flowmeter or a pressure gauge may be further disposed on the pipe 2 as required to monitor the medium flowing in the pipe 2.
In an embodiment, the second sub-part 4 comprises a plurality of arc-shaped steel plates 41, the cylindrical chamber is formed by enclosing the plurality of arc-shaped steel plates 41, and the distance between any two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates 41 is adjustable. The arc-shaped steel plates 41 are sequentially connected around the periphery of the cylindrical cavity, two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates 41 are locked through movable bolts 43, and the distance between the two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates 41 can be adjusted through the movable bolts 43.
Preferably, the arc-shaped steel plate 41 has an arc-shaped body, and a connecting portion bent outward at an edge of the arc-shaped body, and the movable bolt 43 is connected to the connecting portion.
Further preferably, the sealed end of cylindrical cavity be equipped with every the fan-shaped movable fixed steel sheet 42 that arc steel sheet 41 one-to-one links to each other, the sealed end by fan-shaped movable fixed steel sheet 42 is pieced together and is formed, connects pipeline 2 of high pressure resistant sealed bag passes sealed end extends to the outside of cylindrical cavity.
The invention also provides a test method for simulating the tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading experiment device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), a first sub-piece is sleeved and connected in a second sub-piece, a high-pressure resistant sealing bag is arranged in a cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece, and a pressurization source is communicated with the high-pressure resistant sealing bag through a pipeline;
step 2), enabling the open side of the second sub-piece to face a test rock wall to be tested, wherein a strain gauge is attached to the test rock wall, and the first sub-piece leaks out of the front end part of the second sub-piece and is tightly attached to the surface of the test rock wall;
step 3), providing a pressurizing medium by a pressurizing source to enable the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag to expand in the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-component, monitoring the pressure change of the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag in real time by a pressure sensor until the test rock wall is extruded and damaged by the expanded high-pressure-resistant sealing bag, and recording the stress experiment data and the strain experiment data of wall body fracture;
as a further preferable technical scheme of the invention, the test rock wall is also provided with a strain gauge in an attaching mode.
The experimental device for simulating the axial pressure loading of the tunnel coal and the gas outburst is applied to the axial pressure loading experiment of the tunnel coal and the gas outburst and has the following advantages:
1) the cylindrical chamber with different inner diameter sizes can be matched with the first sub-piece 5 with different outer diameter sizes, so that the size of the cylindrical chamber can be adjusted according to requirements to be better used for reducing boundary effects, and requirements of similar experiments are met.
2) First branch 5 and the second of this embodiment divide 4 to all possess great rigidity and bearing capacity, produce local stress concentration when avoiding bearing pressure, simultaneously, use the high pressure resistant bag of flexible material can make pressure distribution more even, further effectively reduced stress concentration phenomenon.
3) The experiment system is simplified to this embodiment, improves test device effective space utilization, leaves sufficient space in the cylindrical cavity and can be used for storing high-pressure gas or liquid for improve test device effective space utilization, guarantee that first, two external gas or liquid are sufficient, do benefit to far field gas to the process of migrating to the salient region under the reduction true condition.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a simulation tunnel coal and outstanding axial pressure loading experimental apparatus of gas which characterized in that includes:
the first sub-piece is of a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical cavity penetrating through the front and the back, the included angle between the end face of the front end of the first sub-piece and the central axis of the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece is 45-90 degrees, and the front end of the first sub-piece is used for being in contact with a test rock wall to be tested;
the second sub-piece is provided with a cylindrical cavity, only one end of the cylindrical cavity is open, the cylindrical cavity is matched with the outer peripheral surface of the first sub-piece, the first sub-piece is sleeved and fixed in the cylindrical cavity, and the front end face of the first sub-piece is externally leaked outside the opening of the second sub-piece;
the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag is arranged in the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece and is used for generating pressure to act on the test rock wall to be tested through the front end opening of the first sub-piece during expansion;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the second sub-piece and used for monitoring the pressure change of the high-pressure resistant sealing bag; and
and the pressurization source is communicated with the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag through a pipeline and is used for providing a medium for expanding the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag.
2. The experimental device for simulating the axial loading of tunnel coal and gas outburst according to claim 1, wherein the second sub-component comprises a plurality of arc-shaped steel plates, the cylindrical cavity is formed by enclosing the arc-shaped steel plates, and the distance between any two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates is adjustable.
3. The experimental device for simulating the axial pressure loading of the tunnel coal and the gas outburst according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the arc-shaped steel plates are sequentially connected around the periphery of the cylindrical chamber, two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates are locked through movable bolts, and the distance between the two adjacent arc-shaped steel plates can be adjusted through the movable bolts.
4. The experimental device for simulating the axial loading of the tunnel coal and the gas outburst according to claim 3, wherein the arc-shaped steel plate is provided with an arc-shaped body and a connecting part which is bent outwards at the edge of the arc-shaped body, and the movable bolt is connected to the connecting part.
5. The experimental device for simulating the axial loading of the tunnel coal and the gas outburst according to claim 4, wherein a sector movable fixed steel plate correspondingly connected with each arc-shaped steel plate in a one-to-one mode is arranged at the sealing end of the cylindrical chamber, the sealing end is formed by splicing the sector movable fixed steel plates, and a pipeline connected with the high-pressure resistant sealing bag penetrates through the sealing end and extends to the outside of the cylindrical chamber.
6. The simulated tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the medium is gas or liquid, and the pressurization source is a high-pressure gas storage tank for providing high-pressure gas or a high-pressure liquid storage tank for providing high-pressure liquid.
7. The simulated tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading experiment device of claim 1, wherein the first sub-piece and the second sub-piece are connected through a snap fit.
8. The experimental device for simulating coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a pump serving as a power transmission device is further arranged in a pipeline between the pressurization source and the high-pressure resistant sealing bag.
9. A test method for simulating the tunnel coal and gas outburst axial pressure loading experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) connecting the first sub-piece in the second sub-piece in a sleeved mode, arranging a high-pressure-resistant sealing bag in a cylindrical cavity of the first sub-piece, and communicating a pressurization source with the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag through a pipeline;
2) the open side of the second sub piece faces the test rock wall to be tested, and the first sub piece leaks out of the front end part of the second sub piece and is tightly attached to the surface of the test rock wall;
3) and providing a pressurizing medium for a pressurizing source to enable the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag to expand in the cylindrical cavity of the first sub-component, monitoring the pressure change of the high-pressure-resistant sealing bag in real time by the pressure sensor until the test rock wall is extruded and damaged by the expanded high-pressure-resistant sealing bag, and recording the stress experiment data and the strain experiment data of wall body fracture.
10. The test method of claim 9, wherein a strain gauge is attached to the test wall.
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