CN105277379B - A kind of jointed rock mass excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures - Google Patents
A kind of jointed rock mass excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures Download PDFInfo
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- CN105277379B CN105277379B CN201510164455.1A CN201510164455A CN105277379B CN 105277379 B CN105277379 B CN 105277379B CN 201510164455 A CN201510164455 A CN 201510164455A CN 105277379 B CN105277379 B CN 105277379B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of excavation transient unloading loose simulation experiment system of jointed rock mass under the effect of different confined pressures, including counter-force pier, hydraulic station, loading system, loading device supporting table, lever, levers support, transition block, transition block pad, the experimental bench with circular groove, the steel pipe of one end closing, air compressor machine, 120 ° of arc concrete columns, arc air bag, jointed rock mass model and the monitoring system for being provided with displacement scale mark；Wherein, arc concrete column and arc air bag are that loading device, which is used for applying jointed rock mass, is provided with displacement scale mark on horizontal pressure force, arc concrete column internal diameter for applying confined pressure to jointed rock mass, inside the steel pipe for being placed in one end closing, for placing jointed rock mass model；Monitoring system is used for being monitored simulation process.The present invention can realize quick relief of the jointed rock mass model under the effect of different confined pressures, and cause the larger vibration of jointed rock mass model generation and strain rate, more be consistent with the off-load situation in Practical Project.
Description
Technical field
Opened the invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering bath scaled model experimental device field, more particularly to a kind of jointed rock mass under different confined pressures
Dig transient unloading loose simulating system.
Background technology
Under long-term tectonic movement and artificial disturbance effect, it can form various crisscross multiple in the rock mass of nature
The different joint in miscellaneous, direction.And in the Underground Engineering Blasting digging process of deep, because excavation disturbance causes the wink of surrounding rock body
State off-load and stresses re-distribution, especially when the rock mass borehole blasting containing joint is excavated, it will usually show jointed rock mass pine
Dynamic effect.Blasting Excavation can make all or part of removal of the primary stress in excavation face, so as to change original jointed rock mass
Geometry, cause its boundary condition and loading condition to change, serious jointed rock mass may be brought stable or deformed
Control problem.
However, being all loose to relevant excavating jointed rock mass transient unloading by the method for theory analysis and numerical simulation in the past
Studied the problem of dynamic, can not all get information about strain, the displacement during excavating jointed rock mass transient unloading loose
And Vibration Condition.And the pilot system unloding speed of existing excavation simulation off-load is slower, it is impossible to on jointed rock mass model
Suffered load carries out quick removal, so strain rate of the jointed rock mass in off-load is relatively low, does not meet actual in engineering
Off-load situation.
The content of the invention
Unloaded in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, excavating transient state under different confined pressures the invention provides a kind of jointed rock mass
Lotus loose simulating system, can realize quick relief of the jointed rock mass model under the effect of different confined pressures, and cause jointed rock mass
The larger vibration of model generation and strain rate, are more consistent with the off-load situation in Practical Project.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：A kind of jointed rock mass is opened under different confined pressures
Dig transient unloading loose simulating system, it is characterised in that：Including loading system 29, loading device supporting table 25, lever 15, lever
Support 14, transition block 17, transition block pad 26, the experimental bench 27 with circular groove, one end closing steel pipe 23, air compressor machine 38,
It is provided with 120 ° of arc concrete columns 24, arc air bag 20, jointed rock mass model 18 and the monitoring system of displacement scale mark；
Loading system 29 is arranged in loading device supporting table 25, transition block pad 26 be located at loading device supporting table 25 with
Between experimental bench 27 with circular groove, the steel pipe 23 of one end closing is arranged on the experimental bench 27 with circular groove；
Monitoring system includes being arranged on the high-speed camera 31 and computer 37 outside experimental bench 27, is arranged on jointed rock mass
Strain gauge and connected dynamic strain indicator 32, the vibrating sensor and connected vibration signals collecting on the surface of model 18
Device 33, pressure sensor and connected dynamic signal acquisition instrument 36, are arranged on the acceleration inside jointed rock mass model 18
Sensor and connected acceleration signal collector 34, displacement transducer and connected displacement signal acquisition device 35,
High-speed camera 31, dynamic strain indicator 32, vibration signal collector 33, dynamic signal acquisition instrument 36, acceleration signal collector
34th, displacement signal acquisition device 35 is connected with computer 37；
Loading system 29 includes hydraulic cylinder, threaded circular steel bar 11, sucked type electromagnet 12, bears iron block 13；
Arc air bag 20 is located on jointed rock mass model 18, arc air bag 20 provided with steam vent 21, inflate hole 22, inflate
Hole 22 is connected by air inlet pipe with air compressor machine 38, and steam vent 21 is connected with blast pipe, and blast pipe is provided with electric control air-release valve door 39；
One end of transition block 17 is located at another end opening of steel pipe 23 and is in contact with jointed rock mass model 18, thick stick
Bar 15 is fixed on levers support 14, and levers support 14 is fixed in transition block pad 26, one end insertion transition block of lever 15
In the hole of 17 other ends, it is fixed with the other end of lever 15 and bears iron block 13；The opposite side for bearing iron block 13 is provided with sucked type
Electromagnet 12, sucked type electromagnet 12 is connected with one end of threaded circular steel bar 11, threaded circular steel bar 11 it is another
One end is connected with the piston 7 of loading system 29；
Jointed rock mass model 18 be located at one end close steel pipe 23 in, and positioned at be provided with displacement scale mark
On 120 ° of arc concrete columns 24；The interior arc radius and the outer arc radius of arc concrete column 24 of the steel pipe 23 of one end closing
Unanimously, the interior arc radius of arc concrete column 24 is consistent with the radius of jointed rock mass model 18, on the inner arc of arc concrete column 24
It is provided with displacement scale mark；The outer arc radius of arc air bag 20 is consistent with the interior arc radius for the steel pipe 23 that one end is closed.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, after the gassy of arc air bag 20, air bag 20 constitutes one with arc concrete column 24
Interior diameter 50mm, overall diameter 150mm annulus post.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the inside upper left side of steel pipe 23 closed at one end and top right-hand side difference equidistant placement 5
Individual arc air bag 20.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, jointed rock mass model is：Complete jointed rock mass model, Jointed rock mass model or/and many
Jointed rock mass model, is made of gypsum；Set with 120 ° of upper surfaces of arc concrete column 24 for being provided with displacement scale mark
Have exemplified by the long 490mm of groove size, radius 25mm arc, the radius for the jointed rock mass model 18 being adapted with the size groove is also
25mm, wherein, complete jointed rock mass moulded dimension is long 500mm, radius 25mm cylinder；Jointed rock mass model can be
1 long 450mm, radius 25mm cylinder and 1 long 50mm, radius 25mm cylinder；Many joint strata models can be 1
Individual long 250mm, radius 25mm cylinder and 5 long 50mm, radius 25mm cylinder compositions.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, transition block 17 is made of steel, and being shaped as one end has the cylinder of two symmetrical cylindrical holes
Body, its other end is adapted with the size of the jointed rock mass model of cylinder.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, experimental bench 27 is poured using strong concrete and formed, and the size of experimental bench 27 is length
610mm, width 370mm, high 300mm cuboid, a long 510mm, diameter 170mm are provided with the centre of the upper surface of experimental bench 27
Half slot, for placing the steel pipe 23 of one end closing, the inside of steel pipe 23 of one end closing is filled with one 120 °
Arc concrete column 24 and ten arc air bags 20.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, loading device supporting table 25 is poured using strong concrete and formed, loading device support
The size of platform 25 is long 935mm, width 550mm, high 360mm cuboid, and two ends are respectively arranged with a long 450mm, width 90mm, height
130mm cuboid groove.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the size of steel pipe 23 of one end closing is interior diameter 150mm, overall diameter 170mm, length
500mm；And steel pipe upper left side and top right-hand side are correspondingly provided with 5 and inflate hole and 5 air vents respectively.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the outside of experimental bench 27 and the outside of loading device supporting table 25 are respectively fixed with counter-force pier 30.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, described arc air bag 20 is made of internal-and external diameter rubber of different sizes.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below and beneficial effect：
1. the present invention can not simulate the deficiency of high-speed off-load for conventional experimental method, realize and saved under different confined pressures
Manage the quick removal of load on strata model so that the larger vibration of jointed rock mass model generation and strain rate, more meet reality
The situation of jointed rock mass transient unloading in engineering；
2. the present invention can realize the simulation to jointed rock mass transient unloading process under large ground pressure, and by section
Manage strain monitoring, vibration monitoring, pressure monitoring, acceleration monitoring, displacement prison of the strata model under the conditions of transient unloading loose
Survey and high-speed photography, verify the influence that crustal stress transient unloading loosens to jointed rock mass, disclose jointed rock mass in crustal stress transient state
Mechanical behavior under the conditions of unloading loose, to the rock-mass relaxing rule and rock excavation under the conditions of understanding high-ground stress transient unloading
Engineering construction is significant；
3. the strata model of the present invention is made of the gypsum material of different mixture ratio, can by change gypsum match ratio come
Change the mechanics parameters such as its modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, compression strength, so as to simulate the jointed rock mass of different mechanics parameters；
4. steel pipe and annulus iron covering that the steel pipe of the present invention is closed by one end are constituted, can not only device arc concrete
Post, jointed rock mass model and arc air bag, can also provide counter-force for high-pressure gasbag；
5. the interior arc radius of arc concrete column is adapted with the radius of jointed rock mass model, you can for placing joint rock
Body Model, can also constitute an interior diameter 50mm, overall diameter 150mm annulus post, to joint with gassiness arc air bag
Strata model applies confined pressure；
6. transition block is made of steel, being shaped as one end has the cylinder of two symmetrical cylindrical holes, can be added by two
Loading system is loaded simultaneously to it, reaches the effect for applying bigger load to jointed rock mass model；
7. lever is made of steel, centre is provided with the groove with circular hole, is easy to fix, two ends are by being hinged respectively with bearing
Iron block and pressure-bearing iron block are connected, and are further applied load by lever principle；
8. being attached between loading system and sucked type electromagnet by bearing flange, sucked type electromagnet can be by adding
The piston retraction of loading system, which is held, bears iron block movement, and can realize the effect of rapid off-load after power-off.
8. the present invention carries out high-speed photography record using high-speed camera to the loosening process of jointed rock mass model, using should
Become piece to record the strain of jointed rock mass model in real time with dynamic strain indicator, using vibrating sensor and vibration signals collecting
Device gathers the vibration velocity change curve of jointed rock mass model, is gathered and saved using acceleration transducer and acceleration signal collector
The acceleration change curve of strata model is managed, the position of jointed rock mass model is gathered using displacement transducer and displacement signal acquisition device
Change curve is moved, jointed rock mass model is gathered entirely plus in uninstall process using pressure sensor and dynamic signal acquisition instrument
Stressing conditions.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is embodied for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is monitoring system schematic diagram.
The schematic top plan view that Fig. 3 is embodied for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is air bag air pipe structure diagrammatic cross-section in steel pipe.
Fig. 5 is air bag and concrete column schematic diagram in steel pipe.
Fig. 6 is arc concrete diagrammatic cross-section.
Fig. 7 is airbag structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is complete jointed rock mass model schematic.
Fig. 9 is Jointed rock mass model schematic.
Figure 10 is many joint strata model schematic diagrames.
Figure 11 is transition block schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is loading device supporting table schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is experimental bench schematic diagram.
Figure 14 is transition block pad schematic diagram.
In figure：1- oil pumps；2- hydraulic station control systems；3- fuel tanks；The valves of 4A- first；The valves of 4B- second；The oil of 5A- first
Press table；The oil pressure gauges of 5B- second；The oil cylinders of 6A- first；The oil cylinders of 6B- second；7- pistons；8A- first flanges；8B- second flanges；9-
Bear nut；The high-pressure oil pipes of 10A- first；The high-pressure oil pipes of 10B- second；The high-pressure oil pipes of 10C- the 3rd；The high-pressure oil pipes of 10D- the 4th；
The high-pressure oil pipes of 10E- the 5th；The threaded circular steel bars of 11-；12- sucked type electromagnet；13- bears iron block；14- levers supports；
15- levers；16- pressure-bearing iron blocks；17- transition blocks；18- jointed rock mass models；19- iron coverings with threaded hole；20- arc air bags；21-
Steam vent；22- inflates hole；The steel pipe of 23- one end closing；24- is provided with 120 ° of arc concrete of displacement scale mark
Post；25- loading device supporting tables；26- transition block pads；Experimental benches of the 27- with circular groove；28- hydraulic stations；29- loading systems；
30- counter-force piers；31- high-speed cameras；32- dynamic strain indicators；33- vibration signal collectors；34- acceleration signal collectors；
35- displacement signal acquisition devices；36- dynamic signal acquisitions instrument (pressure signal collector)；37- computers；38- air compressor machines；39- electricity
Control drain tap；40- air gauges.The unit of size is mm in figure.
Embodiment
The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Fig. 1~2, a kind of jointed rock mass of the invention excavates transient unloading loose simulation system under different confined pressures
System, including：Counter-force pier 30, hydraulic station 28, loading system 29, loading device supporting table 25, lever 15, levers support 14, transition
Block 17, transition block pad 26, the experimental bench 27 with circular groove, one end closing steel pipe 23, air compressor machine 38, be provided with displacement quarter
120 ° of arc concrete columns 24, arc air bag 20, jointed rock mass model 18 and the monitoring system of scale designation；
Loading system 29 is arranged in loading device supporting table 25, and hydraulic station 28 is that loading system 29 provides hydraulic power
(loading system can be hydraulic cylinder)；Between experimental bench 27 of the transition block pad 26 positioned at loading device supporting table 25 and with circular groove,
The steel pipe 23 of one end closing is arranged on the experimental bench 27 with circular groove (steel pipe 23 is located in circular groove).
Monitoring system includes being arranged on the high-speed camera 31 and computer 37 outside experimental bench 27, is arranged on jointed rock mass
Strain gauge and connected dynamic strain indicator 32, the vibrating sensor and connected vibration signals collecting on the surface of model 18
Device 33, pressure sensor and connected dynamic signal acquisition instrument 36, are arranged on the acceleration inside jointed rock mass model 18
Sensor and connected acceleration signal collector 34, displacement transducer and connected displacement signal acquisition device 35,
High-speed camera 31, dynamic strain indicator 32, vibration signal collector 33, pressure signal collector 36, acceleration signal collector
34th, displacement signal acquisition device 35 is connected with computer 37；High-speed camera 31 is used for carrying out high-speed photography to experimentation；Should
Become meter and connected dynamic strain indicator 32 is used for measuring and recording the strain variation of jointed rock mass model, and should by dynamic
Become instrument 32 and Monitoring Data is sent to computer 37；Vibrating sensor and connected vibration signal collector 33 are used for measuring
And the vibration velocity change of strata model is recorded, and Monitoring Data is sent to by computer 37 by vibration signal collector 33；
Pressure sensor and connected pressure signal collector 36 are used for measuring and recording jointed rock mass model 18 (referring to containing joint
Strata model, or strata model) pressure change, and Monitoring Data is sent to by computer by dynamic signal acquisition instrument 36
37；The vibration that acceleration transducer and connected acceleration signal collector 34 are used for measuring and recording strata model accelerates
Degree change, and Monitoring Data is sent to by computer 37 by acceleration signal collector 34；Displacement transducer and it is connected thereto
Displacement signal acquisition device 35 be used for measuring and recording the change in displacement of strata model, and will be supervised by displacement signal acquisition device 35
Survey data and be sent to computer 37；Computer 37 receive high-speed camera 31, dynamic strain indicator 32, vibration signal collector 33,
The number that dynamic signal acquisition instrument (pressure signal collector) 36, acceleration signal collector 34, displacement signal acquisition device 35 are transmitted
According to storing and analyze gathered experimental data.
Loading system 29 includes hydraulic cylinder, threaded circular steel bar 11, sucked type electromagnet 12, bears iron block 13.
Fig. 4 show the device inflated and deflated to arc air bag 20, the inside upper left of steel pipe 23 closed at one end
Side and top right-hand side difference 5 arc air bags 20 of equidistant placement, arc air bag are located on jointed rock mass model 18, set on arc air bag
There is steam vent 21, inflate hole 22, inflate hole 22 is connected (air inlet pipe is provided with air gauge 40), exhaust by air inlet pipe with air compressor machine 38
Hole 21 is connected with blast pipe, blast pipe provided with electric control air-release valve door 39, so as to after arc airbag aeration to jointed rock mass model
18 apply Even round pressure；Arc air bag 20 is inflated by air compressor machine 38 to it, and can control arc by air compressor machine 38
The size of air pressure in air bag, so as to control the size of confined pressure suffered by jointed rock mass model 18；Can be real by electric control air-release valve door 39
Now to the Rapid degassing of arc air bag 20.
One end of transition block 17 is located at another end opening of steel pipe 23 and is in contact with jointed rock mass model 18, thick stick
Bar 15 is fixed on levers support 14, and levers support 14 is fixed in transition block pad 26, one end insertion transition block of lever 15
In the hole of 17 other ends, it is fixed with the other end of lever 15 and bears iron block 13；The opposite side for bearing iron block 13 is provided with sucked type
Electromagnet 12, sucked type electromagnet 12 is connected with one end of threaded circular steel bar 11, threaded circular steel bar 11 it is another
One end is connected with the piston 7 of loading system 29.After power switch is broken, sucked type electromagnet 12 is separated with bearing iron block 13,
Transition block 17 is to the distress resolves of jointed rock mass model 18, and arc air bag 20 starts to deflate, and jointed rock mass transient state is unloaded so as to realize
The effect of lotus.
Exactly one, nut (bearing flange) 9 is born equivalent to the nut being welded on the piston 7 of hydraulic cylinder (jack),
It is connected by threaded circular steel bar 11 with sucked type electromagnet 12, because sucked type electromagnet tail end is threaded hole,
Thus jack piston and sucked type electromagnet can be connected to become an entirety.
Pressure-bearing iron block 16 is all connected with bearing iron block 13 with lever 15, and two symmetrical pressure-bearing iron blocks pass through lever principle
The power born suffered by iron block is applied in transition block, and then passed to pressure on jointed rock mass model by transition block.
Steel pipe 23, arc concrete column 24 and arc air bag that Fig. 5~Fig. 7 closes for one end of this specific implementation
20 physical dimension schematic diagram；Jointed rock mass model 18 is located in the steel pipe 23 that one end is closed (and positioned at center, i.e. joint
Strata model 18 and steel pipe coaxial line), and positioned at being provided with 120 ° of arc concrete columns 24 of displacement scale mark；One
The interior arc radius for the steel pipe 23 that end seal is closed is consistent with the outer arc radius of arc concrete column 24, arc concrete column 24 it is interior
Arc radius is consistent with the radius of jointed rock mass model 18, and displacement scale mark is provided with the inner arc of arc concrete column 24, is used for
Determine position and the displacement of each block of jointed rock mass model 18；The steel pipe that the outer arc radius of arc air bag 20 is closed with one end
23 interior arc radius is consistent, after the gassy of arc air bag 20, and air bag 20 constitutes an interior diameter with arc concrete column 24
50mm, overall diameter 150mm annulus post, confined pressure is applied to jointed rock mass.
Fig. 8~10 are respectively complete jointed rock mass model, the Jointed rock mass model and many employed in this specific implementation
The schematic diagram of jointed rock mass model, is made of gypsum, and can be changed by changing gypsum match ratio its modulus of elasticity,
The mechanics parameters such as Poisson's ratio, compression strength, so as to simulate the jointed rock mass of different mechanics parameters.To be provided with displacement scale mark
120 ° of upper surfaces of arc concrete column 24 of note are provided with exemplified by the long 490mm of groove size, radius 25mm arc, with the size groove phase
The radius of the jointed rock mass model 18 of adaptation is also 25mm, wherein, complete jointed rock mass moulded dimension is long 500mm, radius
25mm cylinder；Jointed rock mass model can be 1 long 450mm, radius 25mm cylinder and 1 long 50mm, radius
25mm cylinder；Many joint strata models can be 1 long 250mm, radius 25mm cylinder and 5 long 50mm, radiuses
25mm cylinder composition；But Jointed rock mass model and many joint strata models are all not limited solely to combinations thereof, as long as ensureing
Block length sum is 500mm.
Figure 11 is the sectional schematic diagram of transition block 17 employed in this specific implementation, and it uses steel to be made, and is shaped as one
There is the cylinder of two symmetrical cylindrical holes at end, and its other end is adapted with the size of cylindrical jointed rock mass model；Add when two
Loading system 29 is born after the application pulling force of iron block 13 for 12 pairs by sucked type electromagnet, is born iron block 13 and is passed through lever 15 and pressure-bearing iron
Block 16 applies pressure to transition block 17, and then applies pressure to jointed rock mass；After power supply is broken, sucked type electromagnet 12 can be with
Bear iron block 13 to separate, so that also can pop-off to the pressure of jointed rock mass.
Experimental bench 27 is poured using strong concrete and formed, and the size of experimental bench 27 is long 610mm, width 370mm, height
300mm cuboid, is provided with a long 510mm, diameter 170mm half slot, for putting in the centre of the upper surface of experimental bench 27
The steel pipe 23 of one end closing is put, the inside of steel pipe 23 of one end closing is filled with 120 ° of Hes of arc concrete column 24
Ten arc air bags 20, the steel pipe of one end closing is simultaneously or air bag provides reaction of bearing.
Loading device supporting table 25 is poured using strong concrete and formed, and the size of loading device supporting table 25 is length
935mm, width 550mm, high 360mm cuboid, two ends be respectively arranged with a long 450mm, width 90mm, high 130mm it is rectangular
Body groove, for placing the attachment means such as loading system 29 and sucked type electromagnet 12.
The size of steel pipe 23 of one end closing is interior diameter 150mm, overall diameter 170mm, long 500mm, annulus iron covering chi
Very little is interior diameter 50mm, overall diameter 170mm, thickness 10mm, is attached them together by bolt；And steel pipe upper left side
It is correspondingly provided with 5 respectively with top right-hand side and inflates hole and 5 air vents.
Transition block 17 is made of steel, and being shaped as one end has the cylinder of two symmetrical cylindrical holes, can be added by two
Loading system is loaded simultaneously to it, reaches the effect for applying bigger load to jointed rock mass model；
The outside of experimental bench 27 and the outside of loading device supporting table 25 are respectively fixed with counter-force pier 30, and counter-force pier is whole system
Counter-force is provided.Transition block pad 16 is placed between experimental bench and loading device supporting table, transition block pad can be with experimental bench
Fixation can not also be fixed.
Lever 15 is made of steel, and centre is provided with the groove with circular hole, is easy to fix, two ends are by being hinged respectively with bearing
Iron block 13 and pressure-bearing iron block 16 are connected.
The described experimental bench 27 with circular groove, loading device supporting table 25 and arc concrete column 24 uses concrete system
Into.Described arc air bag 20 is made of internal-and external diameter rubber of different sizes.
Loading system 29 applies axial compressive force by sucked type electromagnet 12 and lever 15 to transition iron block 17, and then right
Jointed rock mass model 18 applies axial compressive force；Air compressor machine is inflated to air bag in steel pipe 20, and then the application of jointed rock mass model is enclosed
Pressure, after the switch of sucked type electromagnet 12 and electric control air-release valve door is broken simultaneously, can be achieved jointed rock mass model axle pressure and
Confined pressure is while the effect of removal.
It is attached between loading system 29 and sucked type electromagnet 12 by bearing nut (bearing flange) 9, sucked type
Electromagnet 12 can shrink hold by the piston 7 of loading system 29 to be born iron block 13 and moves, and can reach rapid after broken power supply
The effect of off-load.
Two loading systems all include hydraulic cylinder (double loop oil cylinder), and are placed horizontally in loading device supporting table 18,
The loading end of oil cylinder, which is connected with, bears nut 9, and to apply pulling force to sucked type electromagnet, its other end is fixed on loading device
Supporting table 18 on, oil cylinder is connected by high-pressure oil pipe with hydraulic station.
As shown in figure 1, hydraulic station 28 includes oil pump 1, hydraulic station control system 2, fuel tank 3, the first valve 4A, the second valve
4B, the first oil pressure gauge 5A, the second oil pressure gauge 5B, hydraulic cylinder, the first high-pressure oil pipe 10A, the second high-pressure oil pipe 10B, the 3rd high pressure
Oil pipe 10C, the 4th high-pressure oil pipe 10D, the 5th high-pressure oil pipe 10E；4th high-pressure oil pipe 10D one end, the 5th high-pressure oil pipe 10E
One end be connected respectively with fuel tank 3, the 5th high-pressure oil pipe 10E other end is connected with oil pump 1, the 4th high-pressure oil pipe 10D's
The other end is connected with hydraulic station control system 2, and the 3rd high-pressure oil pipe 10C one end is connected with oil pump 1, the 3rd high-pressure oil pipe
The 10C other end is connected with hydraulic station control system 2, the first high-pressure oil pipe 10A one end, the one of the second high-pressure oil pipe 10B
End is connected with hydraulic station control system 2 respectively, the first high-pressure oil pipe 10A other end and the first oil cylinder 6A of loading system 29
It is connected, the second oil cylinder 6B of the second high-pressure oil pipe 10B other end loading system 29 is connected；On first high-pressure oil pipe 10A
The second valve 4B, the second oil pressure gauge 5B are provided with provided with the first valve 4A, the first oil pressure gauge 5A, the second high-pressure oil pipe 10B.
Hydraulic cylinder, which includes being provided with piston 7, cylinder body in cylinder body, piston 7, cylinder body, is provided with the first oil cylinder 6A and the second oil cylinder 6B
(as shown in Figure 1)；Cylinder body is fixed in loading device supporting table 25 by first flange 8A and second flange 8B.
The course of work of the present invention is described more fully below.
First, strain gauge and pressure sensor are sticked in jointed rock mass model surface, and arranges vibrating sensor, at joint
Embedded acceleration transducer, displacement transducer inside strata model, strain gauge, pressure sensor, vibrating sensor, acceleration are passed
Sensor, displacement transducer are gathered with dynamic strain indicator, dynamic signal acquisition instrument, vibration signal collector, acceleration signal respectively
Device, displacement signal acquisition device are connected；In the inner ring that jointed rock mass is placed on to arc concrete column, jointed rock mass is write down in arc
The position started on shape concrete column, and they are put into the steel pipe of one end closing together, the one end closed with steel pipe
It is in close contact；Cover iron covering, the tight bolt of bolt；Corresponding transition block is placed in transition block pad, joint is close in transition block side
Strata model；Oil cylinder is adjusted to appropriate location, it is ensured that sucked type electromagnet was injected with bearing iron block close contact, pressure-bearing iron block
Cross in block；Place high-speed camera and adjust its item and set；All devices and equipment in opening monitoring system, and remember
Each device and the initial value of equipment are recorded, to be contrasted with the numerical value after experiment.
The switch of sucked type electromagnet 12 and electric control air-release valve door 39 is connected, air bag 20 is beaten by air compressor machine 38
Gas, and by the size of air pressure in the control air bag of pressure gauge 40, two loading systems 29 are simultaneously by sucked type electromagnet to holding
Draw iron block 13 to apply pulling force, bear iron block and pressure is applied to transition block by lever 15 and pressure-bearing iron block 16, and then to joint rock
Body applies pressure, can also be by the size of the controlled loading of oil pressure gauge 5；After power supply is broken, sucked type electromagnet 12 can be with holding
Draw iron block to separate, deflation valve can also be opened simultaneously, realize pressure against the ends and the confined pressure off-load simultaneously of jointed rock mass model 18
Effect.
The operation principle of above-mentioned adjustment oil cylinder is as follows：
The high pressure liquid force feed in hydraulic station fuel tank 3 is sent into oil cylinder 6B via high-pressure oil pipe 10B by hydraulic station 28, from
And promote piston 7 to be pushed outwardly, and the hydraulic oil in oil cylinder 6A is sent back in hydraulic station fuel tank 3 via high-pressure oil pipe 10A, by work
That fills in 7 front ends bears the regulation of nut 9 to the position that can be connected with sucked type electromagnet 12.
Then, startup hydraulic station 28 carries out Slow loading to transition block 17 to the load needed is tested, and records now hydraulic pressure
Stand the number of degrees of air gauge 40 on the number of degrees of oil pressure gauge 5 and air-inflating tube, break power switch, after the gas in air bag 20 is discharged,
Iron covering 19 is opened, jointed rock mass model 24 is taken out together with arc concrete column 24, records jointed rock mass model in arc
Displacement and position on concrete column, and adopted using the preservation of computer 37 dynamic strain indicator 32, the vibration signal in monitoring system
Storage 33, acceleration signal collector 34, the Monitoring Data of displacement signal acquisition device 35 and dynamic signal acquisition instrument 36, according to meter
The displacement of Monitoring Data, the oil pressure gauge number of degrees, the air gauge number of degrees and each block of jointed rock mass model in calculation machine, to jointed rock mass mould
Type transient unloading loose process is simulated.
It is as follows to the operation principle of jointed rock mass model Slow loading above by hydraulic station：
High pressure liquid force feed in hydraulic station fuel tank is sent into by oil cylinder 6A through high-pressure oil pipe 10A by hydraulic station, so as to promote
Piston 7 is held by sucked type electromagnet 12 to contract and bears iron block 13 and move together, born iron block and passed power by lever
Pressure-bearing iron block is given, pressure is applied to transition block, and then jointed rock mass model is loaded, and the hydraulic oil in oil cylinder 6B is passed through
Oil pipe 10B is sent back in hydraulic station fuel tank, while observing the change of the oil pressure gauge in hydraulic station, the speed of loading is adjusted by hydraulic station
Degree and size.
Above-mentioned air bag is as follows to the principle that jointed rock mass model applies confined pressure：
The switch of sucked type electromagnet 12 and electric control air-release valve door 39 is first connected, the deflation valve of air bag 20 is closed, then pass through
Air compressor machine 38 is inflated to air bag, and observation air gauge 40 controls the size of gasbag pressure, when the oil pressure gauge 5 of hydraulic station reaches required value
Afterwards, stop supplying gas；Deenergization, sucked type electromagnet is separated with bearing iron block 13, and transition block 17 is to the pressure of jointed rock mass 18
Disappear, air bag 20 is by electric control air-release valve 39 Rapid degassings of door, so as to reach the effect to jointed rock mass transient unloading.
Finally, oil cylinder 6 is resetted, records the numerical value of each monitoring device and equipment.
The operation principle that above-mentioned oil cylinder resets is as follows：
High pressure liquid force feed in hydraulic station fuel tank 3 is sent into by oil cylinder 6A through high-pressure oil pipe 10A by hydraulic station 28, so as to push away
Piston 7 is to contract, and drive bears nut 9 and returns to initial position, and the hydraulic oil in oil cylinder 6B is sent through high-pressure oil pipe 10B
Return in hydraulic station fuel tank, the oil pump 1 in hydraulic station is closed immediately to bearing after nut resets.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of jointed rock mass excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, it is characterised in that：Including loading system
System (29), loading device supporting table (25), lever (15), levers support (14), transition block (17), transition block pad (26), band
Experimental bench (27), the steel pipe (23) of one end closing, air compressor machine (38), the 120 ° of arcs for being provided with displacement scale mark of circular groove
Shape concrete column (24), arc air bag (20), jointed rock mass model (18) and monitoring system；
Loading system (29) is arranged in loading device supporting table (25), and transition block pad (26) is located at loading device supporting table
(25) between the experimental bench with circular groove (27), the steel pipe (23) of one end closing is arranged on the experimental bench (27) with circular groove
On；
Monitoring system includes being arranged on experimental bench (27) outside high-speed camera (31) and computer (37), is arranged on joint rock
The strain gauge and connected dynamic strain indicator (32) on body Model (18) surface, vibrating sensor and connected vibration letter
Number collector (33), pressure sensor and connected dynamic signal acquisition instrument (36), are arranged on jointed rock mass model (18)
Internal acceleration transducer and connected acceleration signal collector (34), displacement transducer and connected displacement
Signal picker (35), high-speed camera (31), dynamic strain indicator (32), vibration signal collector (33), dynamic signal acquisition
Instrument (36), acceleration signal collector (34), displacement signal acquisition device (35) are connected with computer (37)；
Loading system (29) includes hydraulic cylinder, threaded circular steel bar (11), sucked type electromagnet (12), bears iron block
(13)；
Arc air bag (20) is located on jointed rock mass model (18), arc air bag (20) provided with steam vent (21), inflate hole
(22), inflate hole (22) is connected by air inlet pipe with air compressor machine (38), and steam vent (21) is connected with blast pipe, and blast pipe is provided with electricity
Control deflation valve (39)；
One end of transition block (17) is located at another end opening of steel pipe (23) and is in contact with jointed rock mass model (18),
Lever (15) is fixed on levers support (14), and levers support (14) is fixed in transition block pad (26), and the one of lever (15)
In the hole of end insertion transition block (17) other end, it is fixed with the other end of lever (15) and bears iron block (13)；Bear iron block
(13) opposite side is provided with sucked type electromagnet (12), sucked type electromagnet (12) and one end of threaded circular steel bar (11)
It is connected, the other end of threaded circular steel bar (11) is connected with the piston (7) of loading system (29)；
Jointed rock mass model (18) be located at one end close steel pipe (23) in, and positioned at be provided with displacement scale mark
On 120 ° of arc concrete columns (24)；The interior arc radius of the steel pipe (23) of one end closing is outer with arc concrete column (24)
Arc radius is consistent, and the interior arc radius of arc concrete column (24) is consistent with the radius of jointed rock mass model (18), arc concrete
Displacement scale mark is provided with post (24) inner arc；The steel pipe (23) that the outer arc radius of arc air bag (20) is closed with one end
Interior arc radius it is consistent.
2. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：After arc air bag (20) gassy, air bag (20) constitutes an interior diameter with arc concrete column (24)
50mm, overall diameter 150mm annulus post.
3. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：The internal upper left side of steel pipe (23) closed at one end and top right-hand side difference 5 arc air bags of equidistant placement
(20)。
4. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Jointed rock mass model is：Complete jointed rock mass model, Jointed rock mass model or/and many joint strata models, are adopted
It is made of gypsum；It is long that 120 ° of arc concrete column (24) upper surfaces marked with being provided with displacement scale are provided with groove size
Exemplified by 490mm, radius 25mm arc, the radius for the jointed rock mass model (18) being adapted with the size groove is also 25mm, wherein,
Complete jointed rock mass moulded dimension is long 500mm, radius 25mm cylinder；Jointed rock mass model can be 1 long
450mm, radius 25mm cylinder and 1 long 50mm, radius 25mm cylinder；Many joint strata models can be 1 long
250mm, radius 25mm cylinder and 5 long 50mm, radius 25mm cylinder compositions.
5. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Transition block (17) is made of steel, and being shaped as one end has a cylinder of two symmetrical cylindrical holes, its other end and
The size of the jointed rock mass model of cylinder is adapted.
6. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Experimental bench (27) is poured and formed using strong concrete, experimental bench (27) size be long 610mm, width 370mm,
High 300mm cuboid, a long 510mm, diameter 170mm half slot are provided with the centre of experimental bench (27) upper surface, are used
To place inside the steel pipe (23) of one end closing, the steel pipe (23) of one end closing filled with 120 ° of arc coagulations
Earth pillar (24) and ten arc air bags (20).
7. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Loading device supporting table (25) is poured using strong concrete and formed, and loading device supporting table (25) size is
Long 935mm, width 550mm, high 360mm cuboid, two ends are respectively arranged with a long 450mm, width 90mm, high 130mm length
Cube groove.
8. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Steel pipe (23) size of one end closing is interior diameter 150mm, overall diameter 170mm, long 500mm；And steel pipe is left
Top and top right-hand side are correspondingly provided with 5 and inflate hole and 5 air vents respectively.
9. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Counter-force pier (30) is respectively fixed with the outside of experimental bench (27) and on the outside of loading device supporting table (25).
10. a kind of jointed rock mass according to claim 1 excavates transient unloading loose simulating system under different confined pressures, its
It is characterised by：Described arc air bag (20) is made of internal-and external diameter rubber of different sizes.
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| CN108593236B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-12-06 | 武汉科技大学 | Load experiment separation method for blasting impact and transient unloading |
| CN108548766B (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-25 | 武汉理工大学 | Rock mass transient unloading infiltration pressing response simulation experimental rig based on magnetoelectricity control |
| CN111044362B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-09-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Transient unloading device and rock mass transient unloading simulation test system |
| CN112665996A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Electromagnetic transient unloading test system and method |
| CN113686694B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-05-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device and method |
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