CN113686694B - Three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device which comprises a supporting table, wherein the top end of the supporting table is provided with a surrounding and pressing part, a shaft pressing part and an environment control mechanism, and a rock mass sample is arranged in the environment control mechanism; the surrounding and pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table, the axial pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, and the surrounding and pressing part and the axial pressing part are in transmission connection with the rock mass sample; the confining pressure portion comprises four transverse liquid pumps circumferentially arranged on the top end of the supporting table, the movable end of any transverse liquid pump is detachably connected with a first connecting rod through a connecting piece, and a first sliding plate is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod. The device has the continuous unloading test function during rock excavation and the transient unloading test function during rock blasting, different tests are selected according to actual test requirements by using the same device, the test cost is reduced, the actual environment of a rock sample is simulated truly, and the accuracy of a test structure is improved.

Description

A three-dimensional rough fracture surface unloading induced shear slip test device and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass engineering, in particular to a device and method for a three-dimensional rough fracture surface unloading induced shear slip test device.

Background technique

Fractured rock mass widely exists in the shallow surface layer and is one of the main permeable media of underground fluids. The geometric (such as length, occurrence, rock bridge, etc.) properties, mechanical properties and positional relationship of the fracture itself affect the deformation and strength characteristics of the fractured rock mass under external loads.

Underground engineering excavation causes stress unloading perpendicular to the direction of the excavation surface, and the stress state of the rock mass changes from three-way compression to two-way or even one-way compression. The differential springback deformation of the volume-oriented excavation area, due to the heterogeneity and inelasticity of the rock mass, will inevitably form a tensile stress concentration phenomenon caused by differential deformation in some parts (geological discontinuities), which is easy to cause The three-dimensional fracture network of the rock mass expands strongly along the unloading direction, and its fracture is mainly tensile fracture, and the continuous unloading causes the soil to produce shear slip phenomenon. At the same time, in the process of excavation of rock mass, it is necessary to blast the rock mass, so the phenomenon of transient unloading exists in the rock mass.

Although there are continuous unloading test devices during rock excavation or transient unloading test devices during rock blasting in the prior art, there are no test devices with the above two functions, resulting in different tests. Different test devices need to be used, which increases the test cost, and the existing test device does not well simulate the environment in which the actual rock mass is located, resulting in a large difference between the temperature and humidity of the test rock mass and the actual environment, and then affect the accuracy of the test results.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional rough fracture surface unloading induced shear slip test device and method to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. The function of transient unloading test during blasting, using the same device to select different tests according to the actual test needs, reduces the test cost, and more realistically simulates the actual environment of the rock mass sample, thereby improving the accuracy of the test structure. sex.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: the present invention provides a three-dimensional rough fracture surface unloading induced shear slip test device, including a support table, the top of the support table is provided with a confining pressure part, an axial pressure part, an environmental control mechanism, wherein a rock mass sample is arranged in the environmental control mechanism;

The confining pressure part is fixedly connected to the top of the support table, the axial pressure part is fixedly connected to the top end of the environmental control mechanism, and both the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part are connected to the rock mass sample by transmission ;

The confining pressure portion includes four lateral liquid pumps circumferentially arranged at the top of the support table, and a first connecting rod is detachably connected to the movable end of any of the lateral liquid pumps through a connecting piece, and the first connecting rod is connected to the first connecting rod. A first sliding plate is fixedly connected, a second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the first sliding plate, the second connecting rod passes through the environmental control mechanism, and the end of the second connecting rod is fixedly connected with a transverse pressure plate, so The transverse pressure plate is in contact with the rock mass sample through the measuring piece;

The top end of the support table is also provided with an unloading member for transiently unloading the transverse pressure plate, the unloading member is located between the first sliding plate and the environmental control mechanism, and the unloading member is connected to the first sliding plate and the first sliding plate. The connecting rod is detachably connected.

Preferably, the axial pressure part comprises an axial liquid pump fixedly connected to the top end of the environmental control mechanism, the bottom end and the top end of the rock mass sample are respectively provided with a base and an axial pressure plate, and the bottom end of the base is connected to the The top end of the support table is fixedly connected, and the movable end of the axial liquid pump is in contact with the top end of the axial pressure plate.

Preferably, the connector includes a clamp fixedly connected to the movable end of the lateral liquid pump, a side of the clamp close to the first connecting rod is provided with an accommodating groove, and a top end of the clamp is provided with an accommodating and fixing groove. The through hole of the bolt, one end of the first connecting rod is located in the accommodating groove, the first connecting rod is provided with a locking hole, and the fixing bolt is located in the locking hole.

Preferably, the unloading member includes a support plate, the support plate is detachably connected to the support table through a positioning member, the support plate is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity, and the first cavity is The cavity is located above the second cavity, the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity through a communication hole, and a locking ball is arranged in the communication hole; a locking plate is slidably connected in the first cavity , the bottom end of the locking plate is in contact with the top end of the locking ball, and the locking plate is provided with a storage slot for accommodating the locking ball, and a compression spring is arranged in the second cavity, and the compression spring and The bottom of the second cavity is fixedly connected, and one end of the first connecting rod close to the support plate is fixed with a locking ball head, the locking ball head is located in the second cavity, and the locking ball head is abuts against the locking ball and the compression spring.

Preferably, a baffle is provided in the communication hole, a limiting hole is formed on the baffle, the locking ball is located in the limiting hole, and the diameter of the limiting hole is smaller than the diameter of the locking ball.

Preferably, the environmental control mechanism includes a closed box fixed to the top of the support table, the rock mass sample is located in the closed box, a sprayer and a heating plate are arranged in the closed box, and the closed box is provided with a sprayer and a heating plate. A water supply tank is provided outside, and the water supply tank communicates with the sprayer.

Preferably, the measuring element comprises a pressure sensor arranged on the surface of the rock mass sample, the transverse pressure plate is in contact with the rock mass sample through the pressure sensor, and a displacement sensor is arranged in the closed box, The displacement sensor is arranged corresponding to the rock mass sample, and a data collection device is arranged outside the closed box, and the data collection device is electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.

Preferably, the rock mass sample includes a first sample and a second sample, a crack is formed at the contact between the first sample and the second sample, and the first sample and the second sample are in contact with each other. The specimen is arranged symmetrically with respect to the fissure.

A method of using a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device, the operation steps include:

a. Making rock mass samples: prefabricating the first sample and the second sample, and splicing the first sample and the second sample;

b. Apply confining pressure and axial pressure: After completing step a, place the spliced rock mass sample on the base, start the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part, and apply the confining pressure and axial pressure to the predetermined value;

c. Simulate the actual environment: after completing step b, start the sprayer and the heating plate, and close the temperature and humidity in the box to the predetermined value;

d. Continuous unloading test: After completing step c, select the movable end of the lateral liquid pump to slowly shrink in any direction to simulate continuous unloading.

Preferably, in the step d, the transient unloading test: after completing the step c, select the support plate in any direction and fix it on the support table, take out the fixing bolts, drive the transverse liquid pump in the direction to shrink, move the locking plate, and simulate the transient state unloading.

The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

1. By setting the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part, the external pressure of the rock mass sample is better simulated, so that the rock mass sample is closer to the actual stress condition of the rock mass, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

2. By setting the unloading piece at the top of the support table, the device has two test modes. One test mode is that the unloading piece does not participate in the actual use, and the transverse liquid pump drives the transverse pressure plate to move slowly through the connecting piece to simulate the rock mass. Continuous unloading of the sample, another test mode is that the unloading piece participates in the actual use, and the transverse pressure plate is moved by the unloading piece, so that the position of the transverse pressure plate changes instantaneously to simulate the transient unloading of the rock mass sample. It is convenient to switch between various test modes and has high practicability.

3. By setting an environmental control mechanism outside the rock mass sample, the actual environment of the rock mass sample is simulated, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional rough fracture surface unloading induced shear slip test device;

Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part;

3 is a perspective view of a positioning member;

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of continuous unloading test;

Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged view of A place in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view at B in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the transient unloading test;

Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at C in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view at D in Fig. 7;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking ball;

Among them, 1. support table; 2. transverse hydraulic pump; 3. first connecting rod; 4. first sliding plate; 5. second connecting rod; 6. transverse pressure plate; 7. axial hydraulic pump; 8. base; 9. 10, clamping head; 11, accommodating groove; 12, fixing bolt; 13, locking hole; 14, support plate; 15, first cavity; 16, second cavity; 17, communicating hole; 18, locking ball; 19, locking plate; 20, storage slot; 21, compression spring; 22, locking ball head; 23, baffle; 24, closed box; 25, sprayer; 26, heating plate; 27, water supply tank; 28, pressure sensor; 29, displacement sensor; 30, data collection device; 31, first sample; 32, second sample; 33, crevice; 34, locking rail; 35, threaded hole; 36, locking plate; 37, bolt 38. Temperature measuring device; 39. Humidity measuring device.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention provides a three-dimensional rough fracture surface unloading induced shear slip test device, comprising a support table 1, the top of the support table 1 is provided with a confining pressure part, an axial pressure part, an environmental control mechanism, and a rock mass is arranged in the environmental control mechanism Sample; the confining pressure part is fixedly connected to the top of the support table 1, the axial pressure part is fixedly connected to the top of the environmental control mechanism, and both the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part are connected with the rock mass sample; The four lateral hydraulic pumps 2 at the top of the table 1, the movable end of any lateral hydraulic pump 2 is detachably connected with a first connecting rod 3 through a connecting piece, and a first sliding plate 4 is fixed on the first connecting rod 3, and the first sliding plate 4 A second connecting rod 5 is fixed on the top, the second connecting rod 5 passes through the environmental control mechanism, and the end of the second connecting rod 5 is fixed with a transverse pressure plate 6, and the transverse pressure plate 6 is in contact with the rock mass sample through the measuring piece; support The top of the table 1 is also provided with an unloading piece for transiently unloading the transverse pressure plate 6 .

During the test, the rock mass sample is first placed in the environmental control mechanism, then the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part are activated, the transverse hydraulic pump 2 pushes the transverse pressure plate 6 through the connecting piece, and there are four transverse hydraulic pumps 2, so as to To achieve the purpose of applying confining pressure to the rock and soil samples, the axial pressure part provides axial pressure to apply axial pressure to the rock mass sample to simulate the actual stress condition of the rock mass sample, and then start the environmental control mechanism to change the rock mass sample. The temperature and humidity around the body sample, and the test starts after the temperature and humidity reach the predetermined value and remain at the predetermined value for a certain period of time.

When the continuous unloading test is carried out, the transverse liquid pump 2 in the direction to be unloaded is selected and contracted. The transverse liquid pump 2 drives the connecting piece and then drives the transverse pressure plate 6 to move. The transverse pressure plate 6 in this direction exerts pressure on the rock mass sample. The pressure is gradually reduced, and the continuous unloading process is simulated to measure the position change of the rock sample.

When the transient unloading test is performed, after the confining pressure and axial pressure are applied to the rock mass sample, the transverse liquid pump 2 in the direction to be unloaded is selected, and the unloading member corresponding to the transverse liquid pump 2 is fixed on the On the support table 1, the connecting piece is then disengaged, so that the lateral liquid pump 2 is no longer connected to the first connecting rod 3, and then the lateral liquid pump 2 is contracted, so that a gap is generated between the lateral liquid pump 2 and the first connecting rod 3, as described above. After the process is completed, the unloading member is activated, so that the transverse pressure plate 6 does not exert pressure on the rock mass sample in a very short period of time, thereby simulating the transient unloading process, thereby measuring the position change of the rock mass sample.

It needs to be clear that the application of axial pressure and confining pressure to the rock mass sample belongs to the prior art, and the shapes of the transverse pressure plate 6 and the axial pressure plate 9 are not limited here, so as to achieve normal confining pressure and axial pressure to the rock mass sample. Press it.

To further optimize the scheme, the axial pressure part includes an axial liquid pump 7 fixedly connected to the top of the environmental control mechanism, the bottom end and the top of the rock mass sample are respectively provided with a base 8 and an axial pressure plate 9, and the bottom end of the base 8 is fixed to the top of the support table 1. The movable end of the axial liquid pump 7 is in contact with the top end of the axial pressure plate 9 . The function of the base 8 is to place the rock mass sample. After the rock and soil sample is placed on the base 8, the axial pressure plate 9 is placed on the top of the rock mass sample. During the process of applying the axial pressure, the axial liquid pump The movable end of 7 abuts on the top end of the axial pressure plate 9 to exert a predetermined axial pressure.

To further optimize the solution, the connector includes a chuck 10 that is fixedly connected to the movable end of the transverse liquid pump 2 , a side of the chuck 10 close to the first connecting rod 3 is provided with an accommodating groove 11 , and a top end of the chuck 10 is provided with a hole for accommodating the fixing bolt 12 . Through the hole, one end of the first connecting rod 3 is located in the accommodating groove 11 , the first connecting rod 3 is provided with a locking hole 13 , and the fixing bolt 12 is located in the locking hole 13 . The first connecting rod 3 and the chuck are connected by fixing bolts 12, so that the lateral hydraulic pump 2 can drive the first connecting rod 3 to move. The separation of the transverse liquid pump 2 and the first connecting rod 3 can be realized by shrinking.

To further optimize the solution, the unloading member includes a support plate 14, and the support plate 14 is detachably connected to the support table 1 through the positioning member. The support plate 14 is provided with a first cavity 15 and a second cavity 16, and the first cavity 15 is located in Above the second cavity 16, the first cavity 15 communicates with the second cavity 16 through a communication hole 17, and a locking ball 18 is arranged in the communication hole 17; a locking plate 19 is slidably connected in the first cavity 15, and the locking plate 19 The bottom end is in contact with the top end of the locking ball 18 , and the locking plate 19 is provided with a storage slot 20 for accommodating the locking ball 18 , a compression spring 21 is arranged in the second cavity 16 , and the compression spring 21 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second cavity 16 . One end of the first connecting rod 3 close to the support plate 14 is fixed with a locking ball 22 , the locking ball 22 is located in the second cavity 16 , and the locking ball 22 is in contact with the locking ball 18 and the compression spring 21 .

During the transient unloading test, the locking ball head 22 on the first connecting rod 3 should be put into the second cavity 16 before applying the confining pressure. At this time, the storage groove 20 is set corresponding to the locking ball 18. When the head 22 is pushed in, the locking ball 18 is pressed into the storage groove 20 , and the locking ball head 22 continues to be pushed in. The locking ball head 22 no longer presses the locking ball 18 , so that the locking ball 18 falls down and abuts against the locking ball head 22 . Then the locking plate 19 is moved, and the locking storage slot 20 is no longer corresponding to the locking ball 18, so the locking ball 18 cannot be displaced, thereby achieving the limiting effect of the locking ball head 22, and then starting to apply confining pressure, at the first link Under the action of 3, the position of the support plate 14 changes with the movement of the lateral liquid pump 2. When the confining pressure is applied to a predetermined value, the support plate 14 is fixed on the support table 1 through the positioning member. Since the position of the ball head 22 is locked. Therefore, the positions of the first connecting rod 3 and the first sliding plate 4 cannot be changed, so that the lateral pressure exerted by the transverse pressure plate 6 on the rock mass sample remains at a predetermined value. Move the locking plate 19 to set the locking ball 18 corresponding to the storage slot 20. Under the action of the compression spring 21, the locking ball 22 squeezes the locking ball 18 and pops out in the second cavity 16, and the locking ball 22 drives the first The connecting rod 3 then drives the transverse pressure plate 6 not to apply transverse pressure to the rock mass sample in a very short time, so as to simulate the transient unloading process of the rock mass.

The locking plate 19 may be provided with a handle, the handle is located outside the support plate 14, and the position of the locking plate 19 can be easily adjusted by the handle.

The positioning member includes two oppositely arranged locking rails 34. The bottom end of the first sliding plate 4 and the bottom end of the support plate 14 are both slidably connected with the top end of the locking rail 34. The locking rail 34 is provided with a number of threaded holes 35, and the bottom end of the support plate 14 is fixed. A locking plate 36 is connected, and the locking plate 36 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole 35 through a bolt 37 . When the support plate 14 needs to be fixed, it is only necessary to insert the bolts 37 on the locking plate 36 into the threaded holes 35 to complete the fixation of the support plate 14, and the operation is convenient.

In a further optimized solution, a baffle plate 23 is arranged in the communication hole 17 , a limit hole is formed on the baffle plate 23 , the locking ball 18 is located in the limit hole, and the diameter of the limit hole is smaller than the diameter of the locking ball 18 . The locking ball 18 needs to limit the locking ball head 22, and the locking ball 18 cannot move freely. Therefore, through the cooperation of the baffle plate 23 and the limit hole, the locking ball 18 cannot fall into the second cavity 16, but can into the storage tank 20.

To further optimize the scheme, the environmental control mechanism includes a closed box 24 fixed to the top of the support table 1, the rock mass sample is located in the closed box 24, the closed box 24 is provided with a sprayer 25 and a heating plate 26, and the closed box 24 is provided with a water supply The tank 27, the water supply tank 27 communicates with the sprayer 25. Since the temperature and humidity of the rock mass sample affect the accuracy of the geotechnical unloading test structure, the sprayer 25 and the heating plate 26 are set to make the temperature and humidity around the rock mass sample closer to the actual environment. After the humidity reaches the preset value, it should wait for a period of time before testing.

A temperature measuring device 38 and a humidity measuring device 39 are arranged in the closed box 24, so that the test personnel can accurately control the temperature and humidity in the closed box 24. At the same time, the top of the closed box 24 can be selected as the opening for placing the rock mass sample ( Not shown in the figure), so that the rock mass sample can be placed in the closed box 24 .

To further optimize the solution, the measuring element includes a pressure sensor 28 arranged on the surface of the rock mass sample, the transverse pressure plate 6 is in contact with the rock mass sample through the pressure sensor 28, a displacement sensor 29 is provided in the closed box 24, and the displacement sensor 29 is connected to the rock mass sample. The samples are arranged correspondingly, and a data collection device 30 is arranged outside the closed box 24 , and the data collection device 30 is electrically connected with the pressure sensor 28 and the displacement sensor 29 . The pressure sensor 28 is used to measure the lateral pressure exerted by the transverse pressure plate 6 on the rock mass sample. At the same time, a pressure sensor 28 should also be provided at the top of the rock mass sample to measure the axial pressure exerted by the axial pressure plate 9 on the rock mass sample. The function of the pressure and displacement sensor 29 is to measure the displacement of the rock mass sample. In addition, other measuring devices (not shown in the figure) should be provided in the closed box 24 or on the rock mass sample to measure the rock mass. The position change of the sample and the position change of the crack 33 during the test process, for other measurement devices, there are relatively mature measurement methods for the position change of the rock mass during the rock mass test in the prior art, and different placement can be selected according to actual needs. In order to achieve the purpose of measuring different data, it will not be repeated here. A data collection device 30 is provided on the support table 1, and the data collection device 30 can be a computer, etc., to collect and organize the data obtained from the test.

To further optimize the solution, the rock mass sample includes a first sample 31 and a second sample 32, a crack 33 is formed at the contact between the first sample 31 and the second sample 32, and the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 The slits 33 are symmetrically arranged. When prefabricating rock mass samples, choose gypsum or other raw materials to simulate rock mass samples. The rock mass samples are cylindrical. According to the test needs, the rock and soil samples are divided into two parts with similar structures and opposite directions at a certain angle. A sample 31 and a second sample 32, and the roughness of the contact surface of the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 is processed according to the actual rock mass data to obtain a crack 33 that conforms to the actual situation. The manufacturing technology is the prior art, and details are not repeated here.

A method of using a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device, the operation steps include:

a. Making rock mass samples: prefabricating the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 , and splicing the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 . When prefabricating rock mass samples, choose gypsum or other raw materials to simulate rock mass samples. The rock mass samples are cylindrical. According to the test needs, the rock and soil samples are divided into two parts with similar structures and opposite directions at a certain angle. A sample 31 and a second sample 32, and the roughness of the contact surface of the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 is processed according to the actual rock mass data, so as to obtain a crack 33 that conforms to the actual situation.

b. Applying confining pressure and axial pressure: After completing step a, place the spliced rock mass sample on the base 8, activate the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part, and apply the confining pressure and axial pressure to the predetermined value. The process of applying confining pressure and axial pressure should be as follows: first measure the peak strength of the rock sample, start the lateral liquid pump 2 to apply confining pressure to the rock mass sample, and stop applying the confining pressure after the pressure sensor 28 measures the applied confining pressure to a predetermined value. Confining pressure, start the axial liquid pump 7, apply the axial pressure to the rock mass sample, and stop applying the axial pressure after the axial pressure is applied to 90% of the peak strength.

c. Simulate the actual environment: after completing step b, start the sprayer 25 and the heating plate 26, and the temperature and humidity in the closed box 24 reach predetermined values. After the pressure simulation around the geotechnical sample is completed, start the sprayer 25 and the heating plate 26, measure the temperature and humidity in the closed box 24 through the temperature measuring device 38 and the humidity measuring device 39, and wait until the temperature and humidity reach the predetermined value. Continue the test after a while.

d. Continuous unloading test: After completing step c, select the movable end of transverse liquid pump 2 in any direction to slowly shrink to simulate continuous unloading. Select the unloading direction to unload the lateral pressure, start the lateral hydraulic pump 2 in the unloading direction, the lateral hydraulic pump 2 drives the lateral pressure plate 6 through the first connecting rod 3 to slowly reduce the lateral pressure on the rock mass sample, and then continues to apply axial pressure, Therefore, the first sample 31 is sheared along the fissure 33, so as to obtain the required test data.

To further optimize the plan, in step d, transient unloading test: after completing step c, select the support plate 14 in any direction to be fixed on the support table 1, take out the fixing bolts 12, drive the transverse liquid pump 2 in this direction to shrink, and move the locking plate 19 , simulating transient unloading. This direction refers to the transverse liquid pump in the direction of the fixed support plate 14 .

Before carrying out the transient unloading test, move the locking plate 19 so that the storage groove 20 is set corresponding to the locking ball 18, put the locking ball 22 on the first connecting rod 3 into the second cavity 16, and the ball head 22 is to be locked. After entering the second cavity 16 completely, move the locking plate 19 so that the storage slot 20 and the locking ball 18 are no longer correspondingly arranged, and then start the axial pressure and confining pressure, after simulating the temperature and humidity, the fixed locking with the support plate 14 The bolts 37 on the plate 36 are inserted into the threaded holes 35 to complete the fixing of the support plate 14, and then the locking plate 19 is moved to set the locking ball 18 corresponding to the storage slot 20. Under the action of the compression spring 21, the locking ball 22 is squeezed and locked. The ball 18 pops out in the second cavity 16, and the locking ball head 22 drives the first connecting rod 3 and then drives the transverse pressure plate 6 to not apply lateral pressure to the rock mass sample in a very short time, so as to simulate the transient unloading of the rock mass process.

In addition, during the continuous unloading test of the rock mass, the unloading member can be connected with the first connecting rod 3, that is, the unloading member can follow the movement of the first connecting rod 3. When the rock and soil transient unloading test is required, only The unloading piece needs to be fixed, and the connecting piece can be removed.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "portrait", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or It is implied that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred mode of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device is characterized by comprising a support table (1), wherein a surrounding and pressing part, a shaft pressing part and an environment control mechanism are arranged at the top end of the support table (1), and a rock mass sample is arranged in the environment control mechanism;

the surrounding and pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table (1), the axial pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, and the surrounding and pressing part and the axial pressing part are in transmission connection with the rock mass sample;

the confining pressure part comprises four transverse liquid pumps (2) circumferentially arranged at the top end of the supporting table (1), the movable end of any one of the transverse liquid pumps (2) is detachably connected with a first connecting rod (3) through a connecting piece, a first sliding plate (4) is fixedly connected onto the first connecting rod (3), a second connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected onto the first sliding plate (4), the second connecting rod (5) penetrates through the environment control mechanism, a transverse pressing plate (6) is fixedly connected to the tail end of the second connecting rod (5), and the transverse pressing plate (6) is abutted to the rock mass sample through a measuring piece;

the top end of the supporting table (1) is also provided with an unloading piece for unloading the transient state of the transverse pressing plate (6), the unloading piece is positioned between the first sliding plate (4) and the environment control mechanism, and the unloading piece is detachably connected with the first connecting rod (3);

the unloading piece comprises a support plate (14), the support plate (14) is detachably connected with the support table (1) through a positioning piece, a first cavity (15) and a second cavity (16) are formed in the support plate (14), the first cavity (15) is located above the second cavity (16), the first cavity (15) is communicated with the second cavity (16) through a communicating hole (17), and a locking ball (18) is arranged in the communicating hole (17); first cavity (15) sliding connection has lockplate (19), lockplate (19) bottom with locking ball (18) top butt, just set up on lockplate (19) and hold storage tank (20) of locking ball (18), be provided with compression spring (21) in second cavity (16), compression spring (21) with second cavity (16) bottom rigid coupling, first connecting rod (3) are close to the one end rigid coupling of extension board (14) has locking bulb (22), locking bulb (22) are located in second cavity (16), just locking bulb (22) with locking ball (18) with compression spring (21) butt.

2. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: the axial compression part comprises an axial liquid pump (7) fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, the bottom end and the top end of the rock mass sample are respectively provided with a base (8) and an axial compression plate (9), the bottom end of the base (8) is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table (1), and the movable end of the axial liquid pump (7) is abutted to the top end of the axial compression plate (9).

3. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 2, wherein: the connecting piece include with dop (10) of horizontal liquid pump (2) expansion end rigid coupling, dop (10) are close to holding tank (11) have been seted up to one side of first connecting rod (3), the through hole that holds fixing bolt (12) has been seted up on dop (10) top, the one end of first connecting rod (3) is located in holding tank (11), locking hole (13) have been seted up on first connecting rod (3), fixing bolt (12) are located in locking hole (13).

4. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: a baffle (23) is arranged in the communicating hole (17), a limiting hole is formed in the baffle (23), the locking ball (18) is located in the limiting hole, and the diameter of the limiting hole is smaller than that of the locking ball (18).

5. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading-induced shear slip test device of claim 3, wherein: the environment control mechanism comprises a closed box (24) fixedly connected with the top end of the support table (1), the rock mass sample is located in the closed box (24), a sprayer (25) and a heating plate (26) are arranged in the closed box (24), a water supply box (27) is arranged outside the closed box (24), and the water supply box (27) is communicated with the sprayer (25).

6. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading-induced shear slip test device of claim 5, wherein: the measuring part comprises a pressure sensor (28) arranged on the surface of a rock mass sample, the cross pressing plate (6) is connected with the rock mass sample in an abutting mode through the pressure sensor (28), a displacement sensor (29) is arranged in the closed box (24), the displacement sensor (29) is arranged corresponding to the rock mass sample, a data collecting device (30) is arranged outside the closed box (24), and the data collecting device (30) is electrically connected with the pressure sensor (28) and the displacement sensor (29).

7. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading-induced shear slip test device of claim 5, wherein: the rock mass sample comprises a first sample (31) and a second sample (32), a crack (33) is formed at the contact position of the first sample (31) and the second sample (32), and the first sample (31) and the second sample (32) are symmetrically arranged around the crack (33).

8. A method of using a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the operating steps comprise:

a. manufacturing a rock mass sample: prefabricating a first test sample (31) and a second test sample (32), and splicing the first test sample (31) and the second test sample (32);

b. applying confining pressure and axial pressure: after the step a is finished, placing the spliced rock mass sample on a base (8), starting a confining pressure part and an axial pressure part, and applying confining pressure and axial pressure to a preset value;

c. simulating an actual environment: after the step b is finished, starting the sprayer (25) and the heating plate (26), and enabling the temperature and the humidity in the closed box (24) to reach preset values;

d. and (3) continuous unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting the movable end of the transverse liquid pump (2) in any direction to slowly contract, and simulating continuous unloading.

9. The method of using the three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 8, wherein: in the step d, transient unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting a support plate (14) in any direction to be fixed on the support table (1), taking out the fixing bolt (12), driving the transverse liquid pump (2) in the direction to contract, moving the locking plate (19), and simulating transient unloading.

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