CN113686694A - Three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device and method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686694A CN113686694A CN202111084572.9A CN202111084572A CN113686694A CN 113686694 A CN113686694 A CN 113686694A CN 202111084572 A CN202111084572 A CN 202111084572A CN 113686694 A CN113686694 A CN 113686694A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device which comprises a supporting table, wherein the top end of the supporting table is provided with a surrounding and pressing part, a shaft pressing part and an environment control mechanism, and a rock mass sample is arranged in the environment control mechanism; the surrounding and pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table, the axial pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, and the surrounding and pressing part and the axial pressing part are in transmission connection with the rock mass sample; the confining pressure portion comprises four transverse liquid pumps circumferentially arranged on the top end of the supporting table, the movable end of any transverse liquid pump is detachably connected with a first connecting rod through a connecting piece, and a first sliding plate is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod. The device has the continuous unloading test function during rock excavation and the transient unloading test function during rock blasting, different tests are selected according to actual test requirements by using the same device, the test cost is reduced, the actual environment of a rock sample is simulated truly, and the accuracy of a test structure is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass engineering, in particular to a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device and a method.
Background
Fractured rock mass is widely present in superficial layers of the earth and is one of the main subterranean fluid permeable media. The deformation and strength characteristics of fractured rock mass under external load are influenced by the geometric (such as length, attitude, bridge and the like), mechanical characteristics and position relationship of the fracture.
The stress unloading in the direction perpendicular to the excavation face is caused by the excavation of underground engineering, the stress state of a rock body is changed from a three-dimensional compression state to a two-way or even one-way compression state, the change of the stress state can certainly cause the differential rebound deformation of the rock body to an excavation area within a certain depth range, and a tensile stress concentration phenomenon generated by the differential deformation can be formed at certain parts (geological discontinuous surfaces) of the rock body due to the heterogeneous inelasticity of the rock body, so that the strong expansion of a three-dimensional fracture network of the rock body along the unloading direction can be easily caused, the fracture is mainly tensile fracture, and the shear slip phenomenon is generated on a soil body due to the continuous unloading. Meanwhile, in the process of excavating the rock mass, the rock mass needs to be blasted, so that the rock mass has the phenomenon of transient unloading.
Although there is the test device of the transient state off-load when the rock mass excavates the test device of the last off-load test device or rock mass when blasting among the prior art, nevertheless do not have the test device who has above-mentioned two kinds of functions, lead to need using different test device when carrying out different experiments, improved the test cost, and current test device does not have the environment that the actual rock mass of better simulation is located, lead to the temperature and the humidity of experimental rock mass to have great difference with actual environment, and then influenced the accuracy nature of test result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device and a method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device which comprises a supporting table, wherein the top end of the supporting table is provided with a surrounding and pressing part, a shaft pressing part and an environment control mechanism, and a rock mass sample is arranged in the environment control mechanism;
the surrounding and pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table, the axial pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, and the surrounding and pressing part and the axial pressing part are in transmission connection with the rock mass sample;
the confining pressure part comprises four transverse liquid pumps circumferentially arranged at the top end of the supporting table, the movable end of any one transverse liquid pump is detachably connected with a first connecting rod through a connecting piece, the first connecting rod is fixedly connected with a first sliding plate, the first sliding plate is fixedly connected with a second connecting rod, the second connecting rod penetrates through the environment control mechanism, the tail end of the second connecting rod is fixedly connected with a transverse pressing plate, and the transverse pressing plate is abutted to the rock mass sample through a measuring piece;
the top end of the supporting table is further provided with an unloading piece for unloading the transverse pressing plate in a transient state, the unloading piece is located between the first sliding plate and the environment control mechanism, and the unloading piece is detachably connected with the first connecting rod.
Preferably, the axial compression part comprises an axial liquid pump fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, the bottom end and the top end of the rock mass sample are respectively provided with a base and an axial compression plate, the bottom end of the base is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table, and the movable end of the axial liquid pump is abutted to the top end of the axial compression plate.
Preferably, the connecting piece includes a chuck fixedly connected with the movable end of the transverse liquid pump, a holding groove is formed in one side, close to the first connecting rod, of the chuck, a through hole for holding a fixing bolt is formed in the top end of the chuck, one end of the first connecting rod is located in the holding groove, a locking hole is formed in the first connecting rod, and the fixing bolt is located in the locking hole.
Preferably, the unloading piece comprises a support plate, the support plate is detachably connected with the support table through a positioning piece, a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the support plate, the first cavity is located above the second cavity, the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity through a communicating hole, and a locking ball is arranged in the communicating hole; the locking plate is connected with the first cavity in a sliding mode, the bottom end of the locking plate is abutted to the top end of the locking ball, a storage groove for containing the locking ball is formed in the locking plate, a compression spring is arranged in the second cavity and fixedly connected with the bottom of the second cavity, a locking ball head is fixedly connected to one end, close to the support plate, of the first connecting rod, the locking ball head is located in the second cavity, and the locking ball head is abutted to the locking ball and the compression spring.
Preferably, a baffle is arranged in the communicating hole, a limiting hole is formed in the baffle, the locking ball is located in the limiting hole, and the diameter of the limiting hole is smaller than that of the locking ball.
Preferably, the environment control mechanism comprises a closed box fixedly connected with the top end of the support table, the rock mass sample is located in the closed box, a sprayer and a heating plate are arranged in the closed box, a water supply box is arranged outside the closed box, and the water supply box is communicated with the sprayer.
Preferably, the measuring part comprises a pressure sensor arranged on the surface of the rock mass sample, the cross pressing plate is abutted against the rock mass sample through the pressure sensor, a displacement sensor is arranged in the closed box and corresponds to the rock mass sample, a data collecting device is arranged outside the closed box, and the data collecting device is electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.
Preferably, the rock mass sample comprises a first sample and a second sample, a crack is formed at the contact position of the first sample and the second sample, and the first sample and the second sample are symmetrically arranged around the crack.
A use method of a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device comprises the following operation steps:
a. manufacturing a rock mass sample: prefabricating a first sample and a second sample, and splicing the first sample and the second sample;
b. applying confining pressure and axial pressure: after the step a is completed, placing the spliced rock mass sample on a base, starting a confining pressure part and an axial pressure part, and applying confining pressure and axial pressure to a preset value;
c. simulating an actual environment: after the step b is finished, starting the sprayer and the heating plate, and sealing the temperature and the humidity in the box to preset values;
d. and (3) continuous unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting the movable end of the transverse liquid pump in any direction to slowly contract, and simulating continuous unloading.
Preferably, in the step d, the transient unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting a support plate in any direction to be fixed on the support table, taking out the fixing bolt, driving the transverse liquid pump in the direction to contract, moving the locking plate, and simulating transient unloading.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. through setting up surrounding pressing portion and axle load portion, better simulation rock mass sample external pressure for rock mass sample is comparatively close with the actual atress condition of rock mass, and then improves the accuracy nature of test result.
2. Through setting up the off-load piece on a supporting bench top for this device has two kinds of test modes, a test mode is that the off-load piece does not participate in the in-service use, horizontal liquid pump passes through the connecting piece and drives horizontal clamp plate slow moving, with the lasting off-load of simulation rock mass sample, another kind of test mode is that the off-load piece participates in the in-service use, drive the motion of horizontal clamp plate through the off-load piece, make horizontal clamp plate position change in the twinkling of an eye, with the transient state off-load of simulation rock mass sample, two kinds of test mode switch conveniently, the practicality is high.
3. Through set up environmental control mechanism in the rock mass sample outside, simulation rock mass sample actual environment, and then improve the accuracy nature of test result.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the busing portion and the axial pressing portion;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the positioning member;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sustained unload test;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of the portion B in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a transient unload test;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7 at C;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7 at D;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a locking ball;
wherein, 1, supporting table; 2. a transverse liquid pump; 3. a first link; 4. a first slide plate; 5. a second link; 6. a transverse pressing plate; 7. an axial liquid pump; 8. a base; 9. a shaft pressing plate; 10. clamping a head; 11. accommodating grooves; 12. fixing the bolt; 13. a locking hole; 14. a support plate; 15. a first cavity; 16. a second cavity; 17. a communicating hole; 18. locking the ball; 19. a locking plate; 20. a storage tank; 21. a compression spring; 22. locking the ball head; 23. a baffle plate; 24. closing the box; 25. a sprayer; 26. heating plates; 27. a water supply tank; 28. a pressure sensor; 29. a displacement sensor; 30. a data collection device; 31. a first sample; 32. a second sample; 33. cracking; 34. locking the rail; 35. a threaded hole; 36. a locking plate; 37. a bolt; 38. a temperature measurer; 39. a humidity measurer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device which comprises a supporting table 1, wherein the top end of the supporting table 1 is provided with a surrounding and pressing part, a shaft pressing part and an environment control mechanism, and a rock mass sample is arranged in the environment control mechanism; the confining pressure part is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table 1, the axial pressure part is fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, and the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part are in transmission connection with the rock mass sample; the confining pressure part comprises four transverse liquid pumps 2 circumferentially arranged at the top end of the supporting table 1, the movable end of any one transverse liquid pump 2 is detachably connected with a first connecting rod 3 through a connecting piece, a first sliding plate 4 is fixedly connected onto the first connecting rod 3, a second connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected onto the first sliding plate 4, the second connecting rod 5 penetrates through the environment control mechanism, the tail end of the second connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected with a transverse pressing plate 6, and the transverse pressing plate 6 is abutted to a rock sample through a measuring piece; the top end of the supporting table 1 is also provided with an unloading piece for unloading the transverse pressing plate 6 in a transient state, the unloading piece is positioned between the first sliding plate 4 and the environment control mechanism, and the unloading piece is detachably connected with the first connecting rod 3.
When testing, at first place the rock mass sample in environmental control mechanism, start surrounding pressure portion and axle pressure portion afterwards, horizontal liquid pump 2 passes through connecting piece promotion cross slab 6, and horizontal liquid pump 2 is four, in order to reach the purpose of exerting the confining pressure for the rock and soil sample, and axle pressure portion provides axial pressure, apply the axle pressure to the rock mass sample, in order to simulate the atress condition that the rock mass sample is actual, start environmental control mechanism afterwards, change temperature and humidity around the rock mass sample, treat that temperature and humidity reach the predetermined value, and be in the predetermined value after the definite time and begin the experiment.
When the continuous unloading test is carried out, the transverse liquid pump 2 in the direction to be unloaded is selected and contracted, the transverse liquid pump 2 drives the connecting piece to further drive the transverse pressing plate 6 to move, the pressure exerted on the rock mass sample by the transverse pressing plate 6 in the direction is gradually reduced, and then the continuous unloading process is simulated, so that the position change of the rock mass sample is measured.
When the transient unloading test is carried out, after confining pressure and axial pressure are applied to a rock mass sample, a transverse liquid pump 2 in the unloading direction is selected, an unloading part correspondingly arranged on the transverse liquid pump 2 is fixed on a supporting table 1, then a connecting part is unfastened, the transverse liquid pump 2 is not connected with a first connecting rod 3, the transverse liquid pump 2 is contracted, a gap is generated between the transverse liquid pump 2 and the first connecting rod 3, after the process is finished, the unloading part is started, so that the transverse pressing plate 6 does not apply pressure to the rock mass sample in a very short time, and then the transient unloading process is simulated, and therefore the position change of the rock mass sample is measured.
It is clear that, applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the rock mass sample belongs to the prior art, and the shape of the cross plate 6 and the axial pressing plate 9 is not limited herein, so as to apply normal confining pressure and axial pressure to the rock mass sample.
Further optimize the scheme, the axle pressure portion includes the axial liquid pump 7 with environmental control mechanism top rigid coupling, and rock mass sample bottom is provided with base 8 and axle clamp plate 9 respectively with the top, 8 bottom of base and the 1 top rigid coupling of brace table, 7 expansion ends of axial liquid pump and the 9 top butt of axle clamp plate. The base 8 is used for placing a rock mass sample, after the rock mass sample is placed on the base 8, the shaft pressing plate 9 is placed on the top end of the rock mass sample, and in the process of applying shaft pressure, the movable end of the axial liquid pump 7 is abutted to the top end of the shaft pressing plate 9 so as to apply preset axial pressure.
Further optimize the scheme, the connecting piece includes dop 10 with the 2 expansion end rigid couplings of horizontal liquid pump, and holding tank 11 has been seted up to one side that dop 10 is close to first connecting rod 3, and the through hole that holds fixing bolt 12 has been seted up on dop 10 top, and the one end of first connecting rod 3 is located holding tank 11, has seted up locking hole 13 on first connecting rod 3, and fixing bolt 12 is located locking hole 13. First connecting rod 3 passes through fixing bolt 12 with the dop and is connected to make horizontal liquid pump 2 can drive first connecting rod 3 motion, when carrying out transient state off-load test, only need take out fixing bolt 12, horizontal liquid pump 2 shrink can realize horizontal liquid pump 2 and first connecting rod 3's separation.
In a further optimized scheme, the unloading part comprises a support plate 14, the support plate 14 is detachably connected with the support table 1 through a positioning element, a first cavity 15 and a second cavity 16 are formed in the support plate 14, the first cavity 15 is positioned above the second cavity 16, the first cavity 15 is communicated with the second cavity 16 through a communicating hole 17, and a locking ball 18 is arranged in the communicating hole 17; a locking plate 19 is connected in the first cavity 15 in a sliding mode, the bottom end of the locking plate 19 is abutted to the top end of the locking ball 18, a storage groove 20 for containing the locking ball 18 is formed in the locking plate 19, a compression spring 21 is arranged in the second cavity 16, the compression spring 21 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the second cavity 16, a locking ball head 22 is fixedly connected to one end, close to the support plate 14, of the first connecting rod 3, the locking ball head 22 is located in the second cavity 16, and the locking ball head 22 is abutted to the locking ball 18 and the compression spring 21.
When a transient unloading test is carried out, before confining pressure is applied, the locking ball 22 on the first connecting rod 3 is placed into the second cavity 16, at the moment, the storage groove 20 is arranged corresponding to the locking ball 18, the locking ball 18 is pressed into the storage groove 20 due to the squeezing of the locking ball 22, the squeezing of the locking ball 22 is continued, the locking ball 22 does not press the locking ball 18 any more, so that the locking ball 18 falls and is abutted against the locking ball 22, then the locking plate 19 is moved, the locking storage groove 20 is not arranged corresponding to the locking ball 18, therefore, the locking ball 18 cannot be displaced, the effect of limiting the locking ball 22 is achieved, then, the confining pressure is applied, under the effect of the first connecting rod 3, the support plate 14 changes in position along with the movement of the transverse liquid pump 2, after the confining pressure is applied to a preset value, the support plate 14 is fixed on the support table 1 through the positioning piece, and the position of the locking ball 22 cannot be changed, therefore, the positions of the first connecting rod 3 and the first sliding plate 4 cannot be changed, so that the transverse pressure applied to the rock mass sample by the transverse pressing plate 6 is kept at a preset value, when a transient unloading test is to be carried out, the locking ball 18 and the storage groove 20 are correspondingly arranged by moving the locking plate 19, under the action of the compression spring 21, the locking ball 22 extrudes the locking ball 18 and pops out in the second cavity 16, and the locking ball 22 drives the first connecting rod 3 to further drive the transverse pressing plate 6 to apply transverse pressure to the rock mass sample in a very short time, so as to simulate the transient unloading process of the rock mass.
The locking plate 19 may be provided with a handle located outside the support plate 14, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of the locking plate 19.
The positioning member comprises two opposite locking rails 34, the bottom end of the first sliding plate 4 and the bottom end of the support plate 14 are both connected with the top end of the locking rail 34 in a sliding manner, a plurality of threaded holes 35 are formed in the locking rail 34, a locking plate 36 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support plate 14, and the locking plate 36 is in threaded connection with the threaded holes 35 through bolts 37. When the support plate 14 needs to be fixed, the bolt 37 on the locking plate 36 is only required to be inserted into the threaded hole 35 to complete the fixing of the support plate 14, and the operation is convenient.
Further optimize the scheme, be provided with baffle 23 in the intercommunicating pore 17, seted up spacing hole on the baffle 23, locking ball 18 is located spacing downthehole, and spacing hole diameter is less than locking ball 18 diameter. The locking ball 18 is required to limit the locking ball head 22, and the locking ball 18 cannot move freely, so that the locking ball 18 cannot fall into the second cavity 16 and can enter the storage groove 20 through the cooperation of the baffle 23 and the limiting hole.
According to a further optimized scheme, the environment control mechanism comprises a closed box 24 fixedly connected with the top end of the support table 1, the rock mass sample is located in the closed box 24, a sprayer 25 and a heating plate 26 are arranged in the closed box 24, a water supply box 27 is arranged outside the closed box 24, and the water supply box 27 is communicated with the sprayer 25. Because the temperature and the humidity of the rock-soil sample all influence the accuracy of the rock-soil unloading test structure, the sprayer 25 and the heating plate 26 are arranged, so that the temperature and the humidity around the rock-soil sample are close to the actual environment, and after the temperature and the humidity reach the preset values, the test is carried out after waiting for a period of time.
A temperature measuring device 38 and a humidity measuring device 39 are arranged in the closed box 24, so that a tester can accurately control the temperature and the humidity in the closed box 24, and meanwhile, the closed box 24 can select the top end as an opening (not shown in the figure) for placing a rock mass sample, so that the rock mass sample can be placed in the closed box 24.
Further optimize the scheme, the measuring part is including setting up the pressure sensor 28 on rock mass sample surface, and horizontal clamp plate 6 passes through pressure sensor 28 and rock mass sample butt, is provided with displacement sensor 29 in the seal box 24, and displacement sensor 29 corresponds the setting with the rock mass sample, is provided with data collection device 30 outside the seal box 24, and data collection device 30 and pressure sensor 28 and displacement sensor 29 electric connection. The pressure sensor 28 is used for measuring the transverse pressure applied by the transverse pressure plate 6 to the rock mass sample, meanwhile, the top end of the rock mass sample should also be provided with the pressure sensor 28 to measure the axial pressure applied by the axial pressure plate 9 to the rock mass sample, the displacement sensor 29 is used for measuring the displacement of the rock mass sample, besides, other measuring devices (not shown in the figure) should be arranged in the closed box 24 or on the rock mass sample to measure the position change of the rock mass sample and the position change of the crack 33 in the test process, for other measuring devices, a relatively mature measuring method for the position change of the rock mass in the rock mass test in the prior art can be adopted, different measuring devices can be selectively arranged according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of measuring different data, and no redundancy is given here, the data collecting device 30 is arranged on the support table 1, and the data collecting device 30 can be a computer or the like, to collect and collate the data obtained from the tests.
According to a further optimized scheme, the rock mass sample comprises a first sample 31 and a second sample 32, a crack 33 is formed at the contact position of the first sample 31 and the second sample 32, and the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 are symmetrically arranged around the crack 33. When prefabricating the rock mass sample, select gypsum or other raw materials simulation rock mass samples, the rock mass sample is cylindrical, according to experimental needs, cuts apart into two structures similarity with the rock mass sample at certain angle, first sample 31 and second sample 32 opposite in direction to the roughness of the contact surface according to first sample 31 of actual rock mass data processing and second sample 32, in order to obtain the fracture 33 that accords with actual conditions, the preparation technique of rock mass sample is prior art, does not do here and does not do too much to describe in detail.
A use method of a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device comprises the following operation steps:
a. manufacturing a rock mass sample: a first specimen 31 and a second specimen 32 are prepared, and the first specimen 31 is spliced with the second specimen 32. When prefabricating the rock mass sample, select gypsum or other raw materials simulation rock mass samples, the rock mass sample is cylindrical, according to the experimental needs, cuts apart into two similar structures, the first sample 31 and the second sample 32 of opposite direction with the rock mass sample at certain angle to according to the roughness of the contact surface of actual rock mass data processing first sample 31 and second sample 32, in order to obtain the fracture 33 that accords with actual conditions.
b. Applying confining pressure and axial pressure: and c, after the step a is completed, placing the spliced rock mass sample on the base 8, starting the confining pressure part and the axial pressure part, and applying confining pressure and axial pressure to a preset value. The process of applying the confining pressure and the axial pressure is that the peak intensity of a rock sample is measured firstly, the transverse liquid pump 2 is started to apply the confining pressure to the rock sample, the confining pressure is stopped to be applied after the pressure sensor 28 measures that the applied confining pressure reaches a preset value, the axial liquid pump 7 is started to apply the axial pressure to the rock sample, and the axial pressure is stopped to be applied after the axial pressure is applied to 90% of the peak intensity.
c. Simulating an actual environment: after step b is completed, the atomizer 25 and the heating plate 26 are activated and the temperature and humidity inside the closed box 24 reach predetermined values. After the pressure around the rock-soil sample is simulated, the sprayer 25 and the heating plate 26 are started, the temperature and the humidity in the closed box 24 are measured by the temperature measurer 38 and the humidity measurer 39, and after the temperature and the humidity reach preset values, the test is continued after waiting for a period of time.
d. And (3) continuous unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting the movable end of the transverse liquid pump 2 in any direction to slowly contract, and simulating continuous unloading. Selecting an unloading direction to unload the transverse pressure, starting the transverse liquid pump 2 in the unloading direction, driving a transverse pressing plate 6 by the transverse liquid pump 2 through a first connecting rod 3 to slowly reduce the transverse pressure on the rock mass sample, and then continuously applying the axial pressure, so that the first sample 31 is sheared along the crack 33, and the required test data is measured.
And (c) further optimizing a scheme, wherein in the step d, a transient unloading test: after the step c is finished, selecting a support plate 14 in any direction to be fixed on the support table 1, taking out the fixing bolt 12, driving the transverse liquid pump 2 in the direction to contract, moving the locking plate 19, and simulating transient unloading. This direction refers to the lateral liquid pump in the direction in which the plate 14 is fixed.
Before the transient unloading test is carried out, the locking plate 19 is moved to enable the storage groove 20 to be arranged corresponding to the locking ball 18, the locking ball 22 on the first connecting rod 3 is placed into the second cavity 16, after the locking ball 22 completely enters the second cavity 16, the locking plate 19 is moved so that the storage groove 20 is no longer provided in correspondence with the locking ball 18, and then the axial and confining pressures are started, after simulating the temperature and humidity, the bolt 37 on the locking plate 36 fixed with the support plate 14 is inserted into the threaded hole 35 to fix the support plate 14, then the locking plate 19 is moved, the locking ball 18 is arranged corresponding to the storage groove 20, under the action of the compression spring 21, the locking ball 22 extrudes the locking ball 18 and pops out in the second cavity 16, and the locking ball 22 drives the first connecting rod 3 to further drive the transverse pressing plate 6 to apply transverse pressure on the rock mass sample in a very short time so as to simulate the transient unloading process of the rock mass.
In addition, when the rock mass continuous unloading test is carried out, the unloading piece can be connected with the first connecting rod 3, namely the unloading piece can move along with the first connecting rod 3, when the rock-soil transient unloading test is required to be carried out, only the unloading piece needs to be fixed, and the connecting piece is detached.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device is characterized by comprising a support table (1), wherein a surrounding and pressing part, a shaft pressing part and an environment control mechanism are arranged at the top end of the support table (1), and a rock mass sample is arranged in the environment control mechanism;
the surrounding and pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table (1), the axial pressing part is fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, and the surrounding and pressing part and the axial pressing part are in transmission connection with the rock mass sample;
the confining pressure part comprises four transverse liquid pumps (2) circumferentially arranged at the top end of the supporting table (1), the movable end of any one of the transverse liquid pumps (2) is detachably connected with a first connecting rod (3) through a connecting piece, a first sliding plate (4) is fixedly connected onto the first connecting rod (3), a second connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected onto the first sliding plate (4), the second connecting rod (5) penetrates through the environment control mechanism, a transverse pressing plate (6) is fixedly connected to the tail end of the second connecting rod (5), and the transverse pressing plate (6) is abutted to the rock mass sample through a measuring piece;
the top end of the supporting table (1) is further provided with an unloading piece for unloading the transverse pressing plate (6) in a transient state, the unloading piece is located between the first sliding plate (4) and the environment control mechanism, and the unloading piece is detachably connected with the first connecting rod (3).
2. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: the axial compression part comprises an axial liquid pump (7) fixedly connected with the top end of the environment control mechanism, the bottom end and the top end of the rock mass sample are respectively provided with a base (8) and an axial compression plate (9), the bottom end of the base (8) is fixedly connected with the top end of the supporting table (1), and the movable end of the axial liquid pump (7) is abutted to the top end of the axial compression plate (9).
3. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: the connecting piece include with dop (10) of horizontal liquid pump (2) expansion end rigid coupling, dop (10) are close to holding tank (11) have been seted up to one side of first connecting rod (3), the through hole that holds fixing bolt (12) has been seted up on dop (10) top, the one end of first connecting rod (3) is located in holding tank (11), locking hole (13) have been seted up on first connecting rod (3), fixing bolt (12) are located in locking hole (13).
4. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: the unloading piece comprises a support plate (14), the support plate (14) is detachably connected with the support table (1) through a positioning piece, a first cavity (15) and a second cavity (16) are formed in the support plate (14), the first cavity (15) is located above the second cavity (16), the first cavity (15) is communicated with the second cavity (16) through a communicating hole (17), and a locking ball (18) is arranged in the communicating hole (17); first cavity (15) sliding connection has lockplate (19), lockplate (19) bottom with locking ball (18) top butt, just set up on lockplate (19) and hold storage tank (20) of locking ball (18), be provided with compression spring (21) in second cavity (16), compression spring (21) with second cavity (16) bottom rigid coupling, first connecting rod (3) are close to the one end rigid coupling of extension board (14) has locking bulb (22), locking bulb (22) are located in second cavity (16), just locking bulb (22) with locking ball (18) with compression spring (21) butt.
5. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 4, wherein: a baffle (23) is arranged in the communicating hole (17), a limiting hole is formed in the baffle (23), the locking ball (18) is located in the limiting hole, and the diameter of the limiting hole is smaller than that of the locking ball (18).
6. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: the environment control mechanism comprises a closed box (24) fixedly connected with the top end of the support table (1), the rock mass sample is located in the closed box (24), a sprayer (25) and a heating plate (26) are arranged in the closed box (24), a water supply box (27) is arranged outside the closed box (24), and the water supply box (27) is communicated with the sprayer (25).
7. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading-induced shear slip test device of claim 6, wherein: the measuring part comprises a pressure sensor (28) arranged on the surface of a rock mass sample, the cross pressing plate (6) is connected with the rock mass sample in an abutting mode through the pressure sensor (28), a displacement sensor (29) is arranged in the closed box (24), the displacement sensor (29) is arranged corresponding to the rock mass sample, a data collecting device (30) is arranged outside the closed box (24), and the data collecting device (30) is electrically connected with the pressure sensor (28) and the displacement sensor (29).
8. The three-dimensional rough crack face unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 1, wherein: the rock mass sample comprises a first sample (31) and a second sample (32), a crack (33) is formed at the contact position of the first sample (31) and the second sample (32), and the first sample (31) and the second sample (32) are symmetrically arranged around the crack (33).
9. A method of using a three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the operating steps comprise:
a. manufacturing a rock mass sample: prefabricating a first sample (31) and a second sample (32), and splicing the first sample (31) and the second sample (32);
b. applying confining pressure and axial pressure: after the step a is finished, placing the spliced rock mass sample on a base (8), starting a confining pressure part and an axial pressure part, and applying confining pressure and axial pressure to a preset value;
c. simulating an actual environment: after the step b is finished, starting the sprayer (25) and the heating plate (26), and enabling the temperature and the humidity in the closed box (24) to reach preset values;
d. and (3) continuous unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting the movable end of the transverse liquid pump (2) in any direction to slowly contract, and simulating continuous unloading.
10. The method of using the three-dimensional rough crack surface unloading induced shear slip test device of claim 9, wherein: in the step d, transient unloading test: and c, after the step c is finished, selecting a support plate (14) in any direction to be fixed on the support table (1), taking out the fixing bolt (12), driving the transverse liquid pump (2) in the direction to contract, moving the locking plate (19), and simulating transient unloading.
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