CN114544182A - Reliability detection device and method for engine piston remote measurement system - Google Patents
Reliability detection device and method for engine piston remote measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/042—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12
- G01M15/048—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12 by monitoring temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reliability detection device and a reliability detection method for an engine piston remote measurement system, and belongs to the field of engine tests. The invention mainly aims to provide a reliability detection device of a remote measuring system of an engine piston, which comprises a detection part, a driving and lubricating mechanism, a heating part, a temperature detection and control part and a simulated oil injection part, wherein the detection part is used for detecting the reliability of the remote measuring system of the engine piston; the reliability detection device can detect the reliability and the stability of the engine piston remote measurement system in advance, reduce the test cost and improve the test efficiency of the whole engine. The device has strong universality, is suitable for multiple working conditions, also has the functions of dynamic temperature detection and calibration, and improves the precision of the remote measuring system. The invention also aims to provide a testing method of the engine piston remote measuring system by means of the device, and the simulation of temperature, operation parameters and oil stain scouring environment under steady and dynamic operation conditions can be quickly realized by controlling hardware of the device, so that the device has the advantages of enhancing the detection effect and improving the detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reliability detection device and a reliability detection method for an engine piston remote measurement system, and belongs to the field of engine tests.
Background
With the proposal of the double-carbon target, the engine is promoted to be rapidly developed towards the strengthening directions of more efficient performance, stronger power, more compact structure and the like. The high-intensity engine is accompanied with the rapid increase of power density, and the problem of thermal failure caused by overlarge thermal load is easy to occur. Therefore, the test and control of the engine are very important, the piston is used as a core component of the engine and bears the worst working condition environment of the whole engine, and the reliable operation of the engine is directly influenced by reasonably regulating and controlling the temperature of the piston. Early design is developed by adopting modes such as CAE and the like in the autonomous research and development process of the engine, but the temperature field, stress strain and second-order motion test of the piston play an extremely important role in aspects such as prototype experiments, calibration models, further structure optimization and the like. The rapid, stable and efficient test means can greatly reduce various resources and cycles input in the research and development and modification stages.
Taking piston temperature field measurement with wide application as an example, common test methods mainly include a hardness plug method, a thin film sensor method, an optical temperature measurement method, a wireless telemetry method and the like. The wireless telemetry method has the advantages of convenient signal transmission, high measurement precision, real-time test and the like, and is one of important means for testing the piston temperature field. But the engine is easy to have electromagnetic shielding, high oscillation, high temperature and oil stain scouring environment in actual operation. This will greatly reduce the operational reliability of the telemetry system, placing more stringent requirements on the assembly process. At present, because of the various specifications and types of the pistons of the engine, a stable and high-applicability structural form and installation standard of the piston telemetering system are not formed. The detection of the dynamic unsteady state working condition is usually based on the real machine test, the real machine test is usually long in preparation period and occupies a large amount of resources and manpower input, the undetected telemetering piston is directly tested by the whole machine, the risk of failure of the piston telemetering system is greatly increased, and the normal operation of the engine can be influenced by the falling of the accessories. Meanwhile, the previous temperature calibration is usually performed at static and low temperature, the actual operation environment may have certain influence on the precision of the test system, and further calibration needs to be performed under the condition close to the actual working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the engine piston telemetering system in relevant aspects such as operation stability and reliability, the invention mainly aims to provide the reliability detection device of the engine piston telemetering system, which can detect the reliability and stability of the engine piston telemetering system in advance, thereby reducing the test cost and improving the test progress of the whole engine. The device has strong universality, is suitable for multiple working conditions, also has the functions of dynamic temperature detection and calibration, and improves the precision of the remote measuring system.
The invention also aims to provide a test method of the engine piston telemetering system by means of the device, and the simulation of temperature, operation parameters and oil stain scouring environment under steady-state and dynamic operation conditions can be quickly realized by controlling hardware of the device, so that the device has the advantages of enhancing the detection effect and improving the detection efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a reliability detection device of an engine piston remote measurement system, which comprises a detection part, a driving and lubricating mechanism, a heating part, a temperature detection and control part and a simulated oil injection part.
The detection part comprises a piston to be detected, a cylinder sleeve shell, a cylinder cover, a bolt fastener and other accessories, wherein the piston is provided with a remote measuring system, the cylinder sleeve is matched with the piston, the cylinder cover, the bolt fastener and the like, the cylinder cover is connected with the shell through a bolt, and the shell is connected and fixed with the cylinder body through a bolt. The cylinder sleeve is fixed in the shell, and the piston is located in the cylinder sleeve and can reciprocate up and down.
The driving mechanism comprises a motor, a transmission shaft, a connecting rod and a crankshaft, the motor is fixed on the experiment table and is connected with the transmission shaft through a coupler, so that the crankshaft is driven, rotary reciprocating motion is converted into up-and-down reciprocating motion of the connecting rod, and a piston to be detected can be driven to reciprocate in the cylinder sleeve; the lubricating mechanism comprises a lower cylinder body, an upper cylinder body, an oil storage bin and an oil level controller, lubricating oil is driven to splash and lubricate through the reciprocating motion of a crankshaft flywheel, and oil injection of the oil injection part is simulated to assist in completing lubrication of a piston in a cylinder sleeve.
And the heating part comprises a heater and heating auxiliary equipment, the heater is arranged on the upper part of the cylinder sleeve, the lower part of the cylinder cover needs to keep a preset position relation with the firepower surface of the piston to be detected, and the heater is matched with the auxiliary equipment to finish heat transmission so as to ensure the firepower surface temperature field.
The temperature detection and control part comprises a thermal camera and a temperature control device, wherein an imaging focus of the thermal camera is positioned in the piston surface at the top dead center, the surface temperature of the piston is captured, and meanwhile, the temperature is fed back to the controller to adjust the heat transmission quantity of the heating equipment.
The oil injection simulation part comprises a compressor, an air storage tank, an oil storage tank, a sleeve heater, an electromagnetic valve, a filter, a temperature controller, a pressure controller and other accessories, wherein the compressor is connected with the air storage tank, the outlet of the air storage tank is connected with the pressure control electromagnetic valve and then connected with the oil storage tank, the oil storage tank is connected with the electromagnetic valve and then enters the upper cylinder body, and the oil storage tank penetrates through the sleeve heater and is obliquely inserted and fixed into the cylinder sleeve.
In the scheme, the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body are fastened and connected through bolts and nuts, the crankshaft, the connecting rod and other devices are positioned in the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, and all connecting parts are sealed when penetrating through the cylinder bodies.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, the cylinder cap should be arranged for the arc and adopt heat-insulating part to insulate against heat thermal imaging and cylinder cap, prevents that thermal imaging from producing the measurement deviation because of the temperature. The shell can be provided with a plurality of long through holes, and the detection part can perform reliable detection on pistons with a plurality of cylinder diameters by matching with the clamping of the fixing bolt.
In the scheme, the thermal camera is calibrated in advance, and corresponding emissivity parameters and focal length adjustment are set so as to meet the requirements of use and feedback adjustment on precision and range.
In the scheme, the upper end of the heating device can be adjusted, so that the heating device can reasonably arrange heating areas for different piston fire power surfaces. The adjustment range should be dominated by the movement of the piston to the top dead center.
Preferably, the heating methodThe formula can be classified into contact and non-contact heating methods. Wherein, a non-contact heater is mainly adopted for ferromagnetic material pistons (such as cast iron pistons, forged steel pistons, steel top aluminum skirt combined pistons and the like), the heater consists of annular heaters which are arranged in concentric circles, and the heating power q at different parts isiCalculated from the formula (1), wherein R, x represents the resistance and impedance of the part and the rate of change of the magnetic flux
Controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic heater and empirically correcting the coefficient alphaiAccording to the physical properties and the spacing of the materials. The temperature distribution of the top surface of the piston is changed by changing the distance between the concentric ring and the fire surface, and the integral temperature of the piston can be close to the actual machine condition by combining the skin effect generated by high-frequency heating.
The piston is heated by adopting a contact heating mode aiming at other material pistons (such as an aluminum alloy piston, a titanium alloy piston and the like) and adopting a mode that high-temperature air flow impacts the surface of the piston through a nozzle, and the total heating power is realized by controlling the total flow m by a controller. When the heat exchange temperature delta t is approximately the same, the heating power is determined by the mass flow t at the nozzle, and the passing area ratio at the nozzle
The air flow ratio impacted by the nozzle is adjusted to change the temperature distribution on the surface of the piston, so that the temperature distribution is close to the actual machine condition, and the reliability test is easier to carry out. The two heating modes heating the zone should be performed primarily around the piston throat.
Preferably, an electric heating device is additionally arranged in an oil storage tank in the oil injection simulation part and used for controlling the initial oil temperature and ensuring that the oil is effectively injected at a low ambient temperature; a sleeve type heater is additionally arranged in front of the cylinder body and used for heating lubricating oil in the oil injection pipe, a thermocouple is arranged at a nozzle for temperature feedback, and finally the adjustable pressure and controllable oil temperature of oil injection can be realized; the pressure gauge and the discharge device of the gas storage tank and the oil storage tank facility ensure the safe operation of the part.
Preferably, quartz glass plates are mounted on the side surfaces of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, so that the operation conditions of the crankshaft, the connecting rod and the oil injection part can be observed, the oil level of lubricating oil can be observed in time, the leakage treatment can be carried out, and faults can be avoided.
On the other hand, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention also discloses a reliability test method of the engine piston remote measuring system, which is realized based on the reliability detection device of the engine piston remote measuring system, and the reliability test method of the engine piston remote measuring system is as follows: after the power-on self-test, two major operation modes, namely a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition, can be selected for testing.
Testing the working mode under the steady-state working condition: after the rotating speed, the piston throat temperature, the oil injection pressure and the temperature parameters are selected, the driving motor and the heater are loaded to a specified value at the highest speed, the dynamic stability process is maintained, the oil injection simulation part starts to be preloaded according to preset parameters, the oil injection part is ejected after the oil injection pressure is reached, and the temperature sensor at the nozzle feeds back the temperature to adjust the oil injection temperature. The simulation of idle speed, low speed, medium speed and high speed working conditions is realized through the simulation oil injection part, the test process of corresponding reliability is completed, and the specific parameter setting can be flexibly controlled according to the requirements of the real machine.
Testing the working mode under the dynamic working condition: under dynamic conditions, three loading and unloading conditions are usually selected, namely cold start, rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration. For the loading condition of the piston top surface temperature according to the formula (3), the temperature value T (T) at the time T depends on the initial temperature T0End of change temperature T1Parameter t0The default cold start process is 20s, the rapid acceleration process is 30s, and the rapid deceleration process is 40 s. The addition and subtraction of the rotational speed changes according to the linear relation of the formula (4), and the rotational speed n (t) at the time t depends on the initial rotational speed n0End rotation speed n1Parameter t1-0Default is 10 s.
Preferably, the temperature loading time t and the rotating speed loading time t can be set separately, and corresponding default parameter coefficients can be set autonomously according to the change of the real machine load condition, so that the test flexibility is increased and the test is closer to the real machine condition.
Preferably, when the dynamic cold start working condition is simulated, the heating system can be delayed to operate under the non-heating condition, and then the heating system is operated after being delayed for 30-40 s, so that the temperature application process is completed.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention discloses a reliability detection device of an engine piston remote measurement system, which adopts a contact or non-contact heating mode aiming at different types of pistons, realizes the simulation of the temperature distribution of a piston fire surface by changing the parameters of a heater, and tests the situation closer to the actual engine.
2. The reliability detection device for the engine piston remote measurement system disclosed by the invention adopts a bottom oil injection mode aiming at a real-machine high oil pollution environment, the oil injection pressure and the oil injection temperature are controllable, the oil pollution scouring simulation is realized, and the reliability and the operation stability of the piston remote measurement system are fully checked.
3. The invention discloses a reliability detection device of a remote measuring system of an engine piston, which adopts a motor to drive a crankshaft aiming at the oscillation environment of a real machine, the crankshaft drives a dragging device of a connecting rod, the reciprocating motion of the piston and the attached remote measuring system is realized, the universality is stronger, and the oscillation environment similar to the oscillation environment of the real machine is achieved.
4. The invention discloses a testing method based on the detection device, which can quickly test under a steady-state working condition, can realize system stability test under idle speed, low-speed, medium-speed and high-speed operation working conditions in a short time, and improves the detection efficiency.
5. The invention discloses a testing method based on the detection device, which mainly realizes the simulation under the dynamic working conditions of cold start, rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration and the like through the change of the rotating speed and the heating temperature, fully tests and examines the reliable and stable operation of a piston remote measuring system, increases the success rate of a real machine test, and realizes the purposes of cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
6. The device and the testing method can realize good reliability detection effect on the piston remote measuring system, particularly the piston remote measuring system of the diesel engine with medium and high cylinder diameter, can discover the problems existing in the test in advance, are favorable for exploring the arrangement method and the process of the remote measuring system, and promote the development of the engine piston remote measuring technology.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reliability testing apparatus for a telemetry system for engine pistons according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a detection part;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heating part structure, in which FIG. 3(a) is a non-contact heat source and FIG. 3(b) is a contact heat source
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a simulated oil cooling part;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a typical assembly for a prior art piston telemetry system;
in the figure: 1-sensor, 2-high temperature battery, 3-receiver, 4-battery, 5-signal adapter, 10-detection part, 11-cylinder cover, 12-shell, 13-piston to be measured, 14-piston pin, 15-cylinder sleeve, 16-general shell, 17-fixing bolt, 18-fixing piece, 20-driving and lubricating mechanism, 21-upper cylinder, 22-crankshaft, 23-connecting rod, 24-quartz glass plate, 25-lower cylinder, 26-coupler, 27-transmission shaft, 28-motor, 30-heating part, 31-heating coil, 32-electromagnetic heating controller, 33-nozzle, 34-air flow controller, 40-temperature detection and control part, 41-thermal camera, 42-control computer, 50-analog oil injection part, 51-compressor, 52(1) -ball valve, 52-air storage tank, 52(2) -safety valve, 52(3) -evacuation valve, 52(4) -pressure gauge, 52-analog oil injection part, 50-analog oil injection part, 51-compressor, 52(1) -ball valve, 52-air storage tank, 52(2) -safety valve, 52(3) -evacuation valve, 52(4) -pressure gauge, 53-gas transmission pipeline, 53(1) -electromagnetic valve, 53(2) -air filter, 53(3) -ball valve, 54-oil storage tank, 54(1) -pressure gauge, 54(2) -safety valve, 54(3) -emptying valve, 54(4) -oil level controller, 54(5) -oil temperature controller, 54(6) -oil heater, 55-oil transmission pipeline, 55(1) -ball valve, 55(2) -oil filter, 55(3) -oil sight glass, 55(4) -control electromagnetic valve, 56-power supply, 57-controller, 58-sleeve heater and 59-thermocouple.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structure of a reliability detection device of an engine piston telemetry system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:
the detection part 10 comprises a cylinder cover 11, a shell 12, a piston 13 to be detected and provided with a telemetering system, and a cylinder sleeve 15. The cylinder head 11 is connected with the housing 12 by bolts, and the housing 12 is connected and fixed with the cylinder body 21 by bolts. The cylinder sleeve 15 is fixed in the shell 12, the piston 13 is positioned in the cylinder sleeve 15 and can reciprocate up and down, the piston 13 to be tested and the cylinder sleeve 15 meet the matching requirement, and lubricating oil is coated in the cylinder sleeve 15 in advance. The cylinder cover 11 should be arranged in an arc shape and adopt a heat insulation part to insulate the thermal imaging instrument 41 from the cylinder cover 11, so as to prevent the thermal imaging instrument 41 from generating measurement deviation due to temperature.
Further optimization, a universal shell 16 is adopted, a plurality of long through holes are symmetrically formed in the universal shell, a series of fixing bolts 17 are arranged in the long through holes, cylinder sleeves with different cylinder diameters can be fixed inside the universal shell 16, the positions of the cylinder sleeves are limited through upper and lower fixing pieces 18, and axial limiting is achieved. The concentricity of the cylinder sleeve 15 can be adjusted through the fixing bolt 17, so that the piston 13 to be detected can freely slide up and down, and the detection part 10 can detect the pistons with multiple sizes reliably.
The driving and lubricating mechanism 20 includes an upper cylinder 21, a crankshaft 22, a connecting rod 23, a lower cylinder 25, a coupling 26, a transmission shaft 27, and a motor 28. The motor 28 is fixed on the experiment table, and the rotating speed can be adjusted within the range of 0-3500 r/min through the speed regulator. The power output is connected to the crankshaft 22 through the transmission shaft 27 and the coupler 26, so that certain concentricity is guaranteed integrally and excessive vibration is avoided. The crankshaft 22 moves the connecting rod 23, thereby converting the rotational motion into the reciprocating motion of the piston. The lower cylinder 25 is fixed to the ground base, and the upper cylinder 21 and the lower cylinder 25 are connected and fixed by a plurality of bolts. The upper cylinder 21 and the lower cylinder 25 are fastened and connected by bolts and nuts, the crankshaft 22, the connecting rod 23 and other devices are arranged in the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder, and all the connecting parts are sealed when passing through the cylinders. The lower cylinder 25 is filled with lubricating oil, which is splashed along with the rotation of the crankshaft 22, thereby completing the lubricating process. The oil injection of the simulated oil injection part 50 can assist in completing the lubrication of the piston in the cylinder sleeve;
further optimized, the quartz glass plates 24 are arranged on the side faces of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body and used for observing the operation conditions of the crankshaft 22, the connecting rod 23 and the simulated oil injection part 50, the oil level of lubricating oil can be observed in time and the leakage treatment can be carried out, and faults are avoided.
And the heating part 30 comprises a heater and heating auxiliary equipment, the heater is arranged on the upper part of the cylinder sleeve 15, the lower part of the cylinder cover 11 needs to keep a certain position relation with a fire surface of the piston 13 to be detected, and the heater is matched with the auxiliary equipment to finish heat transmission so as to ensure a fire surface temperature field.
Further optimization, the heating source form can adopt a contact type or a non-contact type according to different types of pistons. The contact type heat source is schematically shown in fig. 3(a), and comprises a concentric ring type high-frequency electromagnetic heating coil 31 and an electromagnetic heating controller 32, and the control of the heating temperature, the heating time and the temperature rise rate is completed by controlling the output power of the electromagnetic heating controller 32. The initial reference fixing position of the heating coil 31 is based on the position of the piston actually reaching the top dead center, the heating power is enabled to be at the throat of the piston at the maximum by adjusting the distance, and the skin effect of high-frequency heating is added to enable the surface of the piston to be heated, so that the simulation of a piston temperature field is completed, the simulation is closer to the real machine condition, and the distance from the top surface of the piston 13 to be measured to be more than 1mm is ensured to avoid collision. Two coils entering the general cylinder cover 11 should keep heat insulation and certain magnetic constraint to avoid damage to surrounding ferromagnetic objects.
The contact type heat source is schematically shown in fig. 3(b), and hot air directly impacts the upper surface of the piston 13 to be measured to heat the fire surface of the piston. The nozzle 33 is made of stainless steel, spray holes are arranged on the nozzle, the size of the spray holes facing the throat of the piston is larger than that of other positions according to the area ratio reaction flow model requirement, and the actual temperature distribution of the piston of the actual engine is simulated. The gas flow controller 34 is connected to the system via a pipeline and controls the flow rate of the gas in the pipeline, which is accomplished by the control computer 42.
The temperature detecting and controlling part 40 includes a thermal camera 41 and a control computer 42. The thermal camera 41 is located above the cylinder head 11, and is fixed in a heat insulation manner, and the imaging area is located at the top dead center of the piston, so that temperature distribution in the plane of the piston can be detected. Before the thermal camera 41 is used, calibration is performed, and corresponding emissivity parameters and focal length adjustment are set so as to meet the requirements of use and feedback adjustment on precision and range. The temperature condition can be fed back to the electromagnetic heating controller 32 through the communication line, and the temperature control process can be realized through the control computer 42.
The simulated oil injection part 50 comprises a compressor 51, an air storage tank 52, a gas transmission pipeline 53, an oil storage tank 54 and a oil transmission pipeline 55. The compressor 51 compresses compressed air and charges the compressed air into the air tank 52, the oil storage tank 54 is pressurized through the air delivery pipe 53, and the pressurized fuel is ejected through the oil delivery pipe 55 to inject oil to the bottom of the piston.
Further optimization, an oil heater 54(6) is added in the oil storage tank 54 in the oil injection simulation part 50 and used for controlling initial oil temperature, a power source 56 supplies power to the oil heater 54(6) of the oil storage tank and is used for assisting in controlling the temperature in the oil storage tank 54 to prevent oil injection failure caused by too low temperature, meanwhile, the power source is used for supplying power to the sleeve heater 58 and further heating oil injection, the heating power is fed back by a thermocouple 59 at an outlet, power adjustment is carried out through a controller 57, finally, adjustable oil injection pressure and controllable oil temperature are achieved, and the high-temperature and oil pollution environment in the diesel engine is fully simulated to detect the fixed reliable stability and the oil pollution resistance of the remote measurement system. The air storage tank 52, the oil storage tank 54 are provided with pressure gauges 52(4) and 54(1) and relief devices 52(2-3) and 54(2-3), so that the safe operation of the parts is guaranteed.
The working method of the reliability detection device of the engine piston telemetering system disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps: the piston 13 and the cylinder sleeve 15 to be tested are arranged in the shell 12, and the cylinder cover 11 and the shell 12 are connected and integrally fixed on the cylinder body 21. The motor 28 is connected with the crank 22 in the cylinder body through the driving shaft 27 and the coupling 26, the connecting rod 23 is connected on the crank 22, and the connecting rod 23 is connected with the piston pin 14 to drive the piston 14 to reciprocate in the cylinder sleeve 15. The heating device 31 and the thermal camera 41 are fixed above the cylinder cover 11, the thermal camera 41 records temperature distribution and feeds the temperature distribution back to the computer 42, and the final heating temperature of the fire surface can be controlled by the computer 42. Meanwhile, the simulated oil injection part 50 is added, the work of the simulated oil injection part is controlled by the controller 57, the oil temperature and the oil pressure are fed back into the controller 57 through sensors, and the controller 57 can perform feedback regulation according to actual conditions. The opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 55(4) is used for controlling the size of the fuel injection quantity.
When the device is normally started after being installed, two major operation modes of a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition can be realized for testing. The specific test method comprises the following steps:
the testing method under the steady state working condition comprises the following steps: firstly, after parameters such as rotating speed, piston throat temperature, oil injection pressure and temperature parameters are given, then the motor 28 starts to rotate so as to drive the piston 13 to reciprocate, the heating part 30 starts to work, the temperature is fed back and controlled through thermal imaging of the thermal camera 41, the temperature is quickly increased to a specified value, and dynamic stability is maintained. And the simulated oil injection part 50 starts to pressurize after delaying for 3-4 s, oil injection can be started after the pressure reaches 5-6 bar, the oil injection temperature is detected by a thermocouple 59 at the nozzle, and is usually maintained within 90-100 ℃ by default, and finally the dynamic stabilization process is realized.
The test method under the dynamic working condition comprises the following steps: firstly, initial and final parameters of variation parameters, such as rotating speed and load parameters, are given to represent the variation under working conditions of cold start, rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration and the like, the temperature and the variation of the rotating speed are in a preset functional relation, a computer 42 sends out a control instruction, the motor 28 and the heater are carried out according to the set temperature or the variation of the rotating speed, after the cold start working condition is set in a simulation mode, the rotating speed of the motor 28 is firstly adjusted to be about 800r/min, then the rotating speed is stably increased, meanwhile, the heating system 40 works after delaying for 30-40 s, the fire surface of the piston 13 is heated, and dynamic balance is maintained when the throat temperature reaches the designated temperature. The oil injection simulation part finishes the oil injection process according to the actual setting conditions of the two working conditions. Finally, after the test is stopped, the motor 28 stops rotating firstly, then the compressor 51 of the oil injection simulation part 50 stops running, the system starts pressure relief, the machine is stopped completely after the pressure relief is finished, and subsequent disassembly and assembly are carried out after the temperature is restored to the room temperature.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other.
The embodiments described above are described with reference to the drawings, but the specific application of the present invention is not limited to the above description, and besides the above embodiments, variations, equivalents, improvements and the like which are within the technical ideas and principles are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reliability detection device of the engine piston remote measuring system is characterized in that: the device comprises a detection part, a driving and lubricating mechanism, a heating part, a temperature detection and control part and a simulated oil injection part;
the detection part comprises a piston to be detected, a cylinder sleeve shell, a cylinder cover, a bolt fastener and other accessories, wherein the piston is provided with a remote measurement system, the cylinder sleeve is matched with the piston, the cylinder cover is connected with the shell through a bolt, and the shell is connected and fixed with the cylinder body through the bolt; the cylinder sleeve is fixed in the shell, and the piston is positioned in the cylinder sleeve and can reciprocate up and down;
the driving mechanism comprises a motor, a transmission shaft, a connecting rod and a crankshaft, the motor is fixed on the experiment table and is connected with the transmission shaft through a coupler, so that the crankshaft is driven, rotary reciprocating motion is converted into up-and-down reciprocating motion of the connecting rod, and a piston to be detected can be driven to reciprocate in the cylinder sleeve; the lubricating mechanism comprises a lower cylinder body, an upper cylinder body, an oil storage bin and an oil level controller, lubricating oil is driven to splash and lubricate through the reciprocating motion of a crankshaft flywheel, and oil injection of the simulated oil injection part can assist in completing lubrication of a piston in a cylinder sleeve;
the heating part comprises a heater and heating auxiliary equipment, the heater is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder sleeve, the lower part of the cylinder cover needs to keep a preset position relation with a firepower surface of the piston to be detected, and the heater is matched with the auxiliary equipment to finish heat transmission so as to ensure a firepower surface temperature field;
the temperature detection and control part comprises a thermal camera and a temperature control device, wherein an imaging focus of the thermal camera is positioned in the piston surface at the top dead center, the surface temperature of the piston is captured, and the temperature is fed back to the controller to adjust the heat transmission quantity of the heating equipment;
the simulated oil injection part comprises a compressor, an air storage tank, an oil storage tank, a sleeve heater, an electromagnetic valve, a filter, a temperature controller, a pressure controller and other accessories, wherein the compressor is connected with the air storage tank, the outlet of the air storage tank is connected with the pressure control electromagnetic valve and then connected with the oil storage tank, the oil storage tank enters the upper cylinder body after being connected with the electromagnetic valve, and penetrates through the sleeve heater to be obliquely inserted and fixed in the cylinder sleeve.
2. The engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body are fastened and connected through bolts and nuts, the crankshaft, the connecting rod and other devices are positioned in the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body, and the used connecting parts are sealed when penetrating through the cylinder bodies.
3. The engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the cylinder cover is arranged in an arc shape, and the thermal imaging and the cylinder cover are subjected to thermal insulation treatment by adopting a thermal insulation part, so that the measurement deviation of the thermal imaging caused by the temperature is prevented; the shell is provided with a plurality of long through holes used for being clamped by matching with the fixing bolts, so that the detection part can detect the reliability of the pistons with a plurality of cylinder diameters.
4. The engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the thermal camera is calibrated in advance, and corresponding emissivity parameters and focal length adjustment are set so as to meet the requirements of use and feedback adjustment on precision and range.
5. The engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the upper end of the heating device can be adjusted, so that the heating device can reasonably arrange heating areas for different piston fire power surfaces; the adjustment range is mainly the movement of the piston to the top dead center.
6. The engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the heating mode is divided into a contact type heating mode and a non-contact type heating mode; wherein, a non-contact heater is mainly adopted for the ferromagnetic material piston, the heater consists of annular heaters which are arranged in concentric circles, and heating power q is applied to different partsiCalculated from the formula (1), wherein R, x represents the resistance and impedance of the part and the rate of change of the magnetic flux
Controlled by a high-frequency electromagnetic heater and empirically correcting the coefficient alphaiObtaining according to the physical properties and the spacing of the materials; the temperature distribution of the top surface of the piston is changed by changing the distance between the concentric ring and the fire surface, and the integral temperature of the piston is close to the real-machine condition by combining the skin effect generated by high-frequency heating;
the piston is heated in a contact heating mode aiming at other materials, a mode that high-temperature airflow impacts the surface of the piston through a nozzle is adopted, and the total heating power is realized by controlling the total flow m through a controller; when the heat exchange temperature delta t is approximately the same, the heating power is the mass flow m at the nozzlejDetermining the area ratio of the passage at the nozzle
The air flow ratio impacted by the nozzle is adjusted to change the temperature distribution on the surface of the piston, so that the temperature distribution is close to the actual machine condition, and the reliability test is easier to develop; the heating area of the two heating modes is mainly performed around the throat of the piston;
7. the engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 6, wherein: an electric heating device is additionally arranged in an oil storage tank in the oil injection simulation part and used for controlling the initial oil temperature and ensuring that the oil is effectively sprayed out at a low ambient temperature; a sleeve type heater is additionally arranged in front of the cylinder body and used for heating lubricating oil in the oil injection pipe, and a thermocouple is arranged at a nozzle for temperature feedback, so that the adjustable pressure and controllable oil temperature of oil injection are realized; the pressure gauge and the discharge device of the gas storage tank and the oil storage tank facility are used for guaranteeing safe operation of the oil injection simulation part.
8. The engine piston telemetry system reliability testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the quartz glass plates are arranged on the side faces of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body and are used for observing the running conditions of the crankshaft, the connecting rod and the oil injection part, the oil level of lubricating oil can be observed in time and the leakage treatment can be carried out, and faults are avoided.
9. An engine piston telemetry system reliability testing method is realized based on the engine piston telemetry system reliability detection device as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and is characterized in that:
after the power-on self-test, two major operation modes, namely a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition, can be selected for testing;
testing the working mode under the steady-state working condition: after selecting the rotating speed, the temperature of a piston throat, the oil injection pressure and the temperature parameters, the driving motor and the heater are loaded to the designated value at the highest speed, the dynamic stabilization process is maintained, the oil injection part is simulated to be preloaded according to the preset parameters, the oil injection part is injected after the oil injection pressure is reached, and the temperature sensor at the nozzle feeds back the temperature to adjust the oil injection temperature; the simulation of idle speed, low speed, medium speed and high speed working conditions is realized through the oil injection simulation part, the test process of corresponding reliability is completed, and the specific parameter setting can be flexibly controlled according to the requirements of the real machine;
testing the working mode under the dynamic working condition: under the dynamic working condition, three loading and unloading conditions are usually selected, namely cold start, rapid acceleration and rapid deceleration; for the loading condition of the piston top surface temperature according to the formula (3), the temperature value T (T) at the time T depends on the initial temperature T0End of change temperature T1Parameter t0The default cold starting process is 20s, the rapid acceleration process is 30s, and the rapid deceleration process is 40 s; the addition and subtraction of the rotational speed changes according to the linear relation of the formula (4), and the rotational speed n (t) at the time t depends on the initial rotational speed n0End rotation speed n1Parameter t1-0The default is 10 s;
10. the method of claim 9 for testing the reliability of an engine piston telemetry system, comprising:
the temperature loading time t and the rotating speed loading time t can be set separately, and corresponding default parameter coefficients can be set autonomously according to the change of the load condition of the real machine, so that the test flexibility is improved and the test is closer to the condition of the real machine;
when the dynamic cold start working condition is simulated, the heating system can be operated in a delayed mode, firstly, the heating system is operated under the non-heating condition, and then the heating system is operated after the delay time is 30-40 s, so that the temperature application process is completed.
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| CN102032991A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-04-27 | 北京理工大学 | Engine piston oscillating and cooling test device |
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