CN114540673A - Medium-strength aluminum alloy with excellent surface performance and deep drawing performance and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Medium-strength aluminum alloy with excellent surface performance and deep drawing performance and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540673A CN114540673A CN202210216373.7A CN202210216373A CN114540673A CN 114540673 A CN114540673 A CN 114540673A CN 202210216373 A CN202210216373 A CN 202210216373A CN 114540673 A CN114540673 A CN 114540673A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
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Abstract
The invention relates to a medium-strength aluminum alloy with excellent surface performance and deep drawing performance and a preparation process thereof, wherein the main element of the alloy material is Al, Mg and Ti or at least one element of Al, Mg and Ti and Mn and Cr; when the main elements of the alloy are Al, Mg and Ti, the mass percentage of the alloy elements is 0.5-1.5% of Mg, 0.005-0.03% of Ti, and the balance is Al and impurity elements; when the main elements of the alloy are Al, Mg, Ti and at least one element of Mn and Cr, the mass percentage of the alloy elements is 0.5-1.5% of Mg, 0.005-0.03% of Ti, 0.002-0.2% of Mn and 0.002-0.2% of Cr, the total content of Mn and Cr is less than 0.3%, and the balance is Al and impurity elements; when the aluminum alloy cast ingot is prepared, semi-continuous casting is adopted, the temperature of molten aluminum entering a casting platform at a stable casting stage is in the range of 680-730 ℃, the casting speed is in the range of 45-60 mm/min, and the uniform water flow is more than or equal to 12 m3V (h.m). The invention can solve the problemsThe high surface property, medium strength and high deep drawing property of the aluminum alloy are difficult to balance and match.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a medium-strength aluminum alloy with excellent surface performance and deep drawing performance and a preparation process thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy materials are used for most of appearance parts in industries such as daily consumer products, white household appliances and the like. With the upgrading of consumers, the requirements of consumers on the appearance of products are higher and higher. In order to improve the texture and grade of products, manufacturers of the appearance parts generally need to carry out anodic oxidation treatment on the surfaces of the products, so that the aluminum alloy materials for manufacturing the products are required to have excellent surface properties after being anodized, and various defects such as obvious pockmarks, white spots, black, different colors, stripes and the like can not appear after being anodized. Meanwhile, in order to increase the material utilization rate and further reduce the production cost, an appearance part manufacturer also requires the aluminum alloy material to have medium strength and deep drawing performance. Since a large part of exterior parts for consumer goods, white home appliances, and the like have a long cylindrical shape, it is necessary to manufacture the exterior parts by a process of drawing or ironing many times.
In terms of aluminum alloy materials, to ensure the surface properties, the aluminum alloy generally requires less impurity content, less compounds and uniform structure, and needs to be added with alloy elements as little as possible. To improve the strength, certain alloying elements are required for strengthening. On the other hand, the deep drawability is also related to impurities and alloying elements in the aluminum alloy material. Therefore, it is difficult to balance and match the three properties of high surface property, medium strength and high deep drawing property.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a medium-strength aluminum alloy with excellent surface property and deep drawing property and a preparation process thereof, which are used for solving the technical problem that the high surface property, the medium strength and the high deep drawing property are difficult to balance and match, are suitable for producing aluminum alloy sheet products and have lower production cost and equipment requirements.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the medium-strength aluminum alloy has excellent surface performance and deep drawing performance, and the main elements of the alloy material are Al, Mg and Ti or at least one element of Al, Mg and Ti and Mn and Cr; when the main elements of the alloy are Al, Mg and Ti, the mass percentage of the alloy elements is 0.5-1.5% of Mg, 0.005-0.03% of Ti, and the balance is Al and impurity elements; when the main elements of the alloy are Al, Mg, Ti and at least one element of Mn and Cr, the mass percentage of the alloy elements is 0.5-1.5% of Mg, 0.005-0.03% of Ti, 0.002-0.2% of Mn and 0.002-0.2% of Cr, the total content of Mn and Cr is less than 0.3%, and the balance is Al and impurity elements.
The mass percent control ranges of main impurity elements in the alloy material are respectively as follows: fe is less than 0.2 percent, and Si is less than 0.1 percent; the single content of the impurity elements except Fe and Si is lower than 0.05 percent, and the total content is lower than 0.15 percent.
The tensile strength range of the aluminum alloy material is 100-200 Mpa.
The earing rate of the aluminum alloy material is below 4 percent.
The preparation process of the aluminum alloy ingot is characterized in that the aluminum alloy is the medium-strength aluminum alloy with excellent surface performance and deep drawing performance, the ingot is produced by adopting a semi-continuous casting mode, in the semi-continuous casting process, the temperature of molten aluminum entering a casting platform in a stable casting stage is in the range of 680-730 ℃, the casting speed is in the range of 45-60 mm/min, and water flow is uniformly distributedThe amount is more than or equal to 12 m3/(h·m)。
The technical scheme of the invention is analyzed in detail from the technical principle to clarify the design point of the invention.
The lug making in the deep drawing process of the aluminum alloy plate is closely related to the texture of the plate. The cubic oriented grains have the same minimum Taylor factor in all directions of the applied stress axis during in-plane strain
The value is small, and the destructive resistance among dislocations is minimum, so that the plate is easy to be drawn in the deep drawing process<001>Plastic flow occurs in the direction, so that 4 lugs in the direction of 0 °/90 ° to the rolling direction occur. Similarly, a sheet with a strong roll texture will, under deep drawn stress conditions, produce additional strain at the flange in a direction about 45 ° to the roll direction, preferentially yielding to flow and forming ears.
Research shows that the influence of alloy elements on the texture is more complex, but the general trend is that the purer the alloy, namely, the less impurities, the more easily a pure metal type rolling texture is formed, and the stronger the cubic texture after annealing is. (reference: Shenjian, Zhang Xinming. texture and anisotropy of aluminum sheet for deep drawing [ J ] light alloy processing technique, 1994, 22 (7): 27-33+ 40.) therefore, the higher the purity of the alloy material, the higher the 0 °/90 ° temper of the sheet product at the time of deep drawing. Meanwhile, if solid solution elements such as Mg, Mn and the like exist in the matrix, the structure property evolution law which is completely different from that of pure aluminum is expressed. (references: R. Kalsar, R. Madhavan, R.K. Ray, S. Suws. Texture transformation in Al-Mg alloys: effect of magnesium [ J ]. Phellophilal Magazine, 2020, 100 (16): 2143-.
Elements such as Fe, Si and Mn in the aluminum alloy have a crucial influence on the texture, so that a lot of technologies realize the low earing rate of the plate through component design. For example, the aluminum alloy materials with low earing ratios invented by patents CN 200510009993, CN 200510009793, CN 200810230639, CN 201210502214, CN 201410846448, CN 201711126422, CN 201880061110, CN 201911316096, CN 201911322285, CN 201910292736, CN 202010233523, CN 202110253793, etc., have a representative element Fe content of more than 0.3%, even up to 0.8%, and further achieve the purpose of reducing the earing ratio by suppressing the cubic texture by adding higher content of other elements such as Mn, Cu, Cr, etc. The technical idea of the invention is not consistent with the prior invention by combining the above analysis, and the chemical component range and the corresponding ingot preparation process provided by the invention are brand-new technical schemes.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the microstructure evolution of the material in the subsequent hot working process is controlled by trace alloy elements Mn and Cr, particularly the content of Fe element is controlled below 0.2%, and Cu element is not additionally added. Meanwhile, the content of Ti element as a grain refiner is also controlled at a low level, but the size and uniformity of grains are controlled by optimizing the casting process. Because transition elements such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti and the like in the aluminum alloy easily generate a large amount of primary compound phases in the structure and easily generate a segregation phenomenon, the compound phases are easy to form defects such as 'pocking marks' and 'white spots' after anodic oxidation, and the surface performance of the plate is seriously influenced.
The chemical components in the aluminum alloy material are carefully designed, so that a sheet product produced by adopting the aluminum alloy material is balanced in three properties of high surface property, medium strength and high deep drawing property. The aluminum alloy sheet made of the aluminum alloy material has medium strength and excellent deep drawing performance, and can maintain excellent surface performance after anodic oxidation. The aluminum alloy material belongs to a low-Mg Al-Mg aluminum alloy, and the tensile strength ranges from 100 to 200MPa, which belongs to a medium strength level in the alloy. The deep drawing performance is generally expressed by earing rate, the lower the earing rate is, the better the deep drawing performance is, and the earing rate of the aluminum alloy material can reach below 4 percent, which belongs to a higher level in the alloy products. Finally, the aluminum alloy sheet prepared by the aluminum alloy material has no visible surface defects such as 'stripes', 'black wires', 'pock marks', 'white spots' and the like on the surface after anodic oxidation, and has high surface glossiness and excellent surface performance.
According to the aluminum alloy material, Mg is used as a main alloy element, the strength of the aluminum alloy sheet is improved by utilizing the solid solution strengthening effect of the Mg, the sheet product is ensured to obtain medium strength, but after the Mg content exceeds 1.5%, the sheet product has obvious brightness darkening after anodic oxidation, the surface performance is reduced, and therefore the content range of the Mg element is 0.5-1.5%.
The aluminum alloy material is properly added with Mn or Cr as a trace alloy element, and the texture composition in the thin plate is controlled, so that excellent deep drawing performance is ensured. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn or Cr can control the recrystallization process in the intermediate annealing process, so that the recrystallization rate of the alloy disclosed by the invention in the intermediate annealing process becomes slower, and the stability of a grain structure is ensured in a wider range of the temperature and time of intermediate annealing, thereby being suitable for a low-cost box-type annealing mode without the need of preparing continuous annealing or other equipment with higher investment money. Our research shows that trace amount of Mn or Cr can play the roles of delaying recrystallization and controlling texture, and once the content of Mn or Cr exceeds 0.2% or the sum of the Mn and Cr exceeds 0.3%, the sheet is easy to form pock, black spot and other point defects on the surface after anodic oxidation, and the surface performance of the product is reduced, so the invention respectively determines the upper limit of the content of Mn or Cr to be 0.2%, and the total content of Mn and Cr to be less than 0.3%.
The content of main impurity elements such as Fe, Si and the like in the aluminum alloy material is required to be controlled, and the proportion of compounds in the alloy is reduced, so that the surface performance of the alloy after anodic oxidation is ensured.
The aluminum alloy material is properly added with Ti element to refine grains, so that the uniformity of the structure is ensured. In the industrial production of aluminum alloy, Al-Ti-B wire is a mature grain refiner and is essential in the production of aluminum alloy. However, when Ti is added into the alloy, Ti-containing compounds are easy to aggregate in the alloy, and the aggregation is a main reason for generating point defects and line defects after the anodic oxidation of the plate products. Because the alloy material of the invention needs to meet the requirement of high surface property, the Ti content is controlled at a lower level, and the refinement and uniformity of the ingot casting grain structure are ensured by a small amount of Ti content and a reasonable casting process. Therefore, in the casting process, the lower casting temperature and the lower casting speed are adopted, and the higher uniform water flow is matched, so that the cooling strength of the cooling water to the ingot is higher, the grains of the ingot are ensured to be fine and uniform, and the average grain size of the surface and the core of the ingot is below 200 mu m.
The aluminum alloy material is suitable for producing sheet products, and the products are organized and produced according to the conventional aluminum alloy sheet process route and supplied in the state of H1X, H2X or H3X.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the aluminum alloy sheet product produced by the components and the casting process of the invention through the processes of hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing and the like has high surface property, high deep drawing property and high strength.
(2) The chemical composition range provided by the invention is easy to control, and the operability is strong in actual production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The medium-strength aluminum alloy material with excellent surface property and deep drawing property is Al-Mg alloy, contains Ti element or at least one of Mn element and Cr element, can improve the microstructure of the aluminum alloy material, and can effectively improve the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy material and improve the processing property of the material by using the Mn element and the Cr element.
In table 1, a plurality of examples and comparative examples of the composition combinations of the alloy material of the present invention are given. The tensile strength, earing ratio and gloss of each of the examples and comparative examples in table 1 are properties of the aluminum alloy sheet in the H1X temper (refer to GB/T16475-2008 wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy temper designations) produced from an alloy ingot according to the process line structure of a conventional aluminum alloy sheet. Of these, comparative examples 9 and 10 are aluminum alloys of 5005 and 5457, respectively.
For the examples, aluminum alloysThe preparation method of the cast ingot comprises the following specific steps: after the components marked according to the four embodiments in the table 1 are prepared in a smelting furnace, the mixture is poured into a heat preservation furnace for refining, slagging-off, standing and other processes, and finally, an ingot is produced in a semi-continuous casting mode, in the semi-continuous casting process, the temperature of molten aluminum entering a casting platform is guaranteed to be in the range of 680-730 ℃ in the stable casting stage, and the casting speed and the uniform water flow are executed according to corresponding parameters in the table 1. The definition of uniform water flow is the water flow (unit is m) distributed by each ingot3H) divided by the cross-sectional perimeter of the ingot (in m).
For the comparative examples, aluminum alloy ingots were prepared according to the composition formulations of the six comparative examples in table 1, and the casting process was different from the other examples in the casting speed and the amount of uniform cooling water.
In the above table, the surface quality of the aluminum alloy ingot after anodic oxidation is classified into A, B, C grades: a is excellent and the customer is satisfied; b is good, and the customer is basically satisfied; c is poor and unacceptable to the customer.
In the aspects of strength and deep drawability, the tensile strength range of the aluminum alloy material is required to be 100-200Mpa, the deep drawability is generally expressed by the earing rate, the lower the earing rate is, the better the deep drawability is, and the earing rate is below 4 percent, so that the requirement of the aluminum alloy material of the invention can be met.
As can be seen from the table above, the aluminum alloy ingots with the numbers of 1-4, which are prepared according to the invention, can meet the corresponding technical requirements in terms of tensile strength, earing rate and surface quality after anodic oxidation; in comparative example No. 5, although the material composition satisfied the requirement of the present invention, the water flow rate of the uniform distribution in the casting process was low, and was lower than 12 m required by the present invention3/(h · m), thus leading to poor surface quality after anodization; in all of the three comparative examples No. 6 to 8, there were cases where some of the components did not meet the range required by the present invention even though the aluminum alloy castings were made under the casting conditions required by the present inventionThe surface quality and/or the earing rate of the obtained product can not reach the level required by the application; the numbers 9-10 are respectively 5005 and 5052 aluminum alloys, the iron content of the aluminum alloys exceeds the limited range of the application, and finally prepared products have poor surface quality and are difficult to meet the use requirements of customers.
The above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the specific embodiments of the present invention can be modified or substituted with equivalents with reference to the above embodiments, and any modifications or equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims to be appended.
Claims (5)
1. Have good surface property and deep drawability's moderate strength aluminum alloy concurrently, its characterized in that: the main element of the alloy material is Al, Mg and Ti or at least one element of Al, Mg and Ti and Mn and Cr; when the main elements of the alloy are Al, Mg and Ti, the mass percentage of the alloy elements is 0.5-1.5% of Mg, 0.005-0.03% of Ti, and the balance is Al and impurity elements; when the main elements of the alloy are Al, Mg, Ti and at least one element of Mn and Cr, the mass percentage of the alloy elements is 0.5-1.5% of Mg, 0.005-0.03% of Ti, 0.002-0.2% of Mn and 0.002-0.2% of Cr, the total content of Mn and Cr is less than 0.3%, and the balance is Al and impurity elements.
2. The medium strength aluminum alloy of claim 1 having both excellent surface properties and deep drawability, wherein: the mass percent control ranges of main impurity elements in the alloy material are respectively as follows: fe is less than 0.2 percent, and Si is less than 0.1 percent; the single content of other impurity elements except Fe and Si is lower than 0.05 percent, and the total content is lower than 0.15 percent.
3. The medium strength aluminum alloy of claim 1 having both excellent surface properties and deep drawability, wherein: the tensile strength range of the aluminum alloy material is 100-200 Mpa.
4. The medium strength aluminum alloy of claim 1 having both excellent surface properties and deep drawability, wherein: the earing rate of the aluminum alloy material is below 4 percent.
5. A process for preparing an aluminum alloy ingot, the aluminum alloy being the medium strength aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 2 having both excellent surface properties and deep drawability, the ingot being produced by a semi-continuous casting method, characterized in that: in the semi-continuous casting process, the temperature of molten aluminum entering a casting platform at the stable casting stage is in the range of 680-730 ℃, the casting speed is in the range of 45-60 mm/min, and the uniform distribution water flow is more than or equal to 12 m3/(h·m)。
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| JP2002173728A (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Al-Mg BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY HOLLOW EXTRUSION MATERIAL FOR BULGING |
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| JP2003105474A (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-04-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Al-Mg BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY HOLLOW EXTRUSION MATERIAL FOR BULGING |
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| CN107779704A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of 2 line aluminium alloys and its melting and casting method |
| CN110669964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | High-performance rare earth Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113416860A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏国鑫铝业有限公司 | Mg-alloyed high-strength high-punching-performance aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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- 2022-03-07 CN CN202210216373.7A patent/CN114540673A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2002173728A (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Al-Mg BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY HOLLOW EXTRUSION MATERIAL FOR BULGING |
| JP2002363677A (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-18 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Al-Mg BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY HOLLOW EXTRUSION MATERIAL FOR BULGING |
| JP2003105474A (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-04-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Al-Mg BASED ALUMINUM ALLOY HOLLOW EXTRUSION MATERIAL FOR BULGING |
| CN102888540A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 江苏常铝铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum foil for air conditioner having high heat exchange efficiency and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN107779704A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of 2 line aluminium alloys and its melting and casting method |
| CN110669964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | High-performance rare earth Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113416860A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏国鑫铝业有限公司 | Mg-alloyed high-strength high-punching-performance aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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