CN114539059A - 使用基于苯的二膦配体和三氟甲磺酸铝进行烯属不饱和化合物的烷氧基羰基化的方法 - Google Patents
使用基于苯的二膦配体和三氟甲磺酸铝进行烯属不饱和化合物的烷氧基羰基化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- FKOASGGZYSYPBI-UHFFFAOYSA-K bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)alumanyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FKOASGGZYSYPBI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 15
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical compound PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000007083 alkoxycarbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 pyrrolyl,Azolyl radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 UKSZBOKPHAQOMP-SVLSSHOZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RRHPTXZOMDSKRS-PHFPKPIQSA-L (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;dichloropalladium Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl.C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 RRHPTXZOMDSKRS-PHFPKPIQSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CMWINYFJZCARON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-(4-iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine Chemical compound C=1N2N=C(Cl)C=CC2=NC=1C1=CC=C(I)C=C1 CMWINYFJZCARON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBYGDVHOECIAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-L acetonitrile;palladium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].CC#N.CC#N RBYGDVHOECIAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000490 cinnamyl group Chemical group C(C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003838 furazanyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 2
- LAAVYEUJEMRIGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(C)(C)C LAAVYEUJEMRIGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKORNPSVAFGDRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)P(CC1=C(CP(C2=CC=CC=N2)C(C)(C)C)C=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(CC1=C(CP(C2=CC=CC=N2)C(C)(C)C)C=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=N1 WKORNPSVAFGDRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004639 Schlenk technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- OSHOQERNFGVVRH-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F OSHOQERNFGVVRH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008648 triflates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
- C07C67/38—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates by addition to an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
- B01J31/0228—Sulfur-containing compounds with a metal-sulfur link, e.g. mercaptides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
- B01J31/0267—Phosphines or phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphorus bonded to at least one carbon atom, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, the other atoms bonded to phosphorus being either carbon or hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
- B01J31/2239—Bridging ligands, e.g. OAc in Cr2(OAc)4, Pt4(OAc)8 or dicarboxylate ligands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2409—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/62—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
- C07C69/675—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/321—Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
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- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0202—Polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0208—Bimetallic complexes, i.e. comprising one or more units of two metals, with metal-metal bonds but no all-metal (M)n rings, e.g. Cr2(OAc)4
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- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
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Abstract
本发明公开了使用基于苯的二膦配体和三氟甲磺酸铝进行烯属不饱和化合物的烷氧基羰基化的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使用基于苯的二膦配体和三氟甲磺酸铝进行烯属不饱 和化合物的烷氧基羰基化的方法。
背景技术
烯属不饱和化合物的烷氧基羰基化是一种重要性不断增加的方 法。烷氧基羰基化应被理解为是指在金属-配体配合物的存在下,烯属 不饱和化合物(烯烃)与一氧化碳和醇的反应,从而得到相应的酯。 通常,使用的金属是钯。以下方案显示了烷氧基羰基化的通用反应方 程式:
然而,硫酸在金属表面上导致严重腐蚀。使用硫酸带来的另一个 缺点是必须以复杂且昂贵的方式对其进行预处理/脱气。
催化剂体系通常对氧气敏感。甚至与痕量的氧气接触也会导致所 述配体的氧化,这最终导致整个催化剂配合物的活性降低。痕量的氧 气可能通过夹带被引入,例如经由组分的连续引入而被引入。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种新方法,该方法不具有与使 用现有技术已知的布朗斯特酸相关的缺点。此外,所述方法应提供良 好的产率。
所述技术问题通过根据权利要求1的方法得以解决。
该方法包括以下方法步骤:
a)将烯属不饱和化合物初始加料;
b)添加式(I)的配体和包含Pd的化合物:
其中
R1和R3各自是-(C3-C20)-杂芳基基团,
R2和R4各自是-(C1-C12)-烷基;
c)通过施加真空对三氟甲磺酸铝进行预处理;
d)添加得自c)的经预处理的三氟甲磺酸铝,其中三氟甲磺酸铝: 配体的比例在2mol:1mol至25mol:1mol范围内;
e)添加醇;
f)输入CO;
g)将得自a)至f)的反应混合物加热,其中所述烯属不饱和化 合物转化成酯。
在此,可以任何顺序添加所述物质。然而,通常,在共反应物已 经在步骤a)至e)中被初始加料之后添加CO。此外,也可以在两个 或更多个步骤中输入CO,使得例如,首先输入所述CO的一部分, 然后将混合物加热,并然后输入另一部分CO。
与本发明相关的“真空”应被理解为是指100毫巴或更低的压力。
可以例如在储存容器中对所述三氟甲磺酸铝进行预处理。
在此,施加真空可以重复多次。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,方法步骤c)至少进行两次,并 且通过充灌惰性气体而中断施加的真空。所用的惰性气体可以例如是 N2、He或Ar。
表述“(C1-C12)-烷基”包括具有1至12个碳原子的直链和支化的烷 基基团。这些优选是(C1-C8)-烷基基团,更优选(C1-C6)-烷基,最优选 (C1-C4)-烷基。
表述“(C3-C20)-杂芳基”包括具有3至20个碳原子的单环或多环的 芳族烃基团,其中所述碳原子中的一个或多个被杂原子替代。优选的 杂原子是N、O和S。所述(C3-C20)-杂芳基基团具有3至20个,优选 6至14个和更优选6至10个环原子。因此,例如,在本发明的范围内,吡啶基是C6-杂芳基基团;呋喃基是C5-杂芳基基团。
在根据本发明的方法中用作反应物的烯属不饱和化合物含有一个 或多个碳-碳双键。这些化合物也被称为烯烃。所述双键可以是末端的 或内部的。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,所述烯属不饱和化合物除了碳- 碳双键外不包含任何另外的官能团。
在所述催化剂是原位形成的情况下,可以过量添加所述配体,使 得在反应混合物中还存在未键合的配体。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,R1、R3各自选自呋喃基、噻吩基、 吡咯基、唑基、异唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、 呋咱基、四唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、苯并呋喃基、 吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,R2和R4是叔丁基(terBu)。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤b)中的配体具有式 (1):
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,所述方法包括额外的方法步骤 c'):
c')将得自c)的经预处理的三氟甲磺酸铝溶解在溶剂中。
通过由所述经预处理的三氟甲磺酸铝制备溶液使得可以将三氟甲 磺酸铝连续计量添加到所述方法中,而不会在这样做时通过夹带引入 显著量的氧气。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤c')中的溶剂是醇。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤c')中使用的溶剂是 与在方法步骤e)中相同的醇。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤b)中的包含Pd的化 合物选自二氯化钯、乙酰丙酮钯(II)、乙酸钯(II)、二氯(1,5-环辛二烯) 钯(II)、双(二苄叉基丙酮)钯、双(乙腈)二氯钯(II)、(肉桂基)二氯化钯。
优选地,所述包含Pd的化合物是Pd(dba)2、Pd(acac)2或 Pd(OAc)2。特别合适的是Pd(acac)2。
Pd与在步骤a)中初始加料的烯属不饱和化合物的质量比例优选 在0.001重量%至0.5重量%,优选0.01重量%至0.1重量%,特别优 选0.01重量%至0.05重量%范围内。
所述配体与Pd的摩尔比例优选在0.1:1至400:1,优选0.5:1 至400:1,更优选1:1至100:1,最优选2:1至50:1范围内。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤e)中的醇选自甲醇、 乙醇、1-丙醇、1-丁醇、1-戊醇、1-己醇、2-丙醇、叔丁醇、3-戊醇、 环己醇、苯酚或它们的混合物。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤e)中的醇是甲醇。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤e)中使用的醇是过 量的。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤e)中的醇同时用作 溶剂。
在方法步骤a)中初始加料的烯属不饱和化合物与在方法步骤e) 中添加的醇的摩尔比例优选在1:1至1:20,优选1:2至1:10,更 优选1:3至1:6范围内。
在所述方法的一个变化方案中,在方法步骤d)中,三氟甲磺酸 铝:配体的比例在2.5mol:1mol至15mol:1mol范围内。
在方法步骤f)中,优选在CO分压在0.1至10MPa(1至100 巴)范围内,优选在1至5MPa(10至50巴),更优选1至2MPa (10至20巴)范围内的情况下输入CO。
在根据本发明的方法的方法步骤g)中,将反应混合物优选加热 到在30℃至150℃,优选40至140℃,更优选50至120℃范围内的温 度,从而将所述烯属不饱和化合物转化成酯。
具体实施方式
下文中将参照实施例详细阐述本发明。
通用操作程序
除非另外说明,在氩气气氛下操作。反应容器已经预先在温度 (80℃)和油泵真空作用下干燥。
液体物质(例如硫酸(H2SO4))通过鼓入氩气而被脱气至少15 分钟。
使用的三氟甲磺酸铝(Al(OTf)3)以及其它固体酸的预处理如下: 在固体酸的情况下,首先将其称入并将容器借助于翻边安装上的隔片 进行气密性密封。借助于连接于氩气/真空分配站(Schlenk技术)的 穿通套管,首先通过交替施加真空(50毫巴)和充灌氩气三次以无氧 方式预先准备这种酸。此外,在随后的步骤中保证氩气气氛,并且同 时存在压力平衡的可能性(添加溶液)。
使用的配体(1)是1,2-双((叔丁基(吡啶-2-基)磷烷基(phosphanyl)) 甲基)苯。使用的前体是双(乙酰丙酮)钯(II)(Pd(acac)2)。二异丁烯是 由比例为约80:20的两种C8异构体“2,4,4-三甲基戊-1-烯”和“2,4,4- 三甲基戊-2-烯”组成的混合物。向0.5mL这些样品中掺入异辛烷作为 内标,并借助于GC和GCMS分析测定转化率和产率。
分析
二异丁烯和1-辛烯的GC分析:对于所述GC分析,使用具有30 m HP5柱的公司Agilent GC的色谱仪Agilent 7890A。温度分布:35℃, 10分钟;10℃/分钟至200℃;注射体积为1μL,其中分流比为50:1。
实验
改变路易斯酸(1-辛烯)
催化剂溶液:
在10mL Schlenk容器中称入Pd(acac)2(8.53mg)和(1)(35.42 mg)并将它们溶解在甲醇(7mL)中。
硫酸溶液:
在15mL Schlenk容器中称入H2SO4(0.184g)并将其溶解在甲 醇(10mL)中。
在具有磁力搅拌棒的10mL玻璃容器中进行反应。在固体酸的情 况下,首先将其称入(酸:(1)的随后比例应当是3mol:1mol)并 将其如上所述那样进行预处理。例如在水杨酸的情况下,称入10.76 mg,0.156mol%。借助于μL注射器添加所需量的催化剂溶液(0.75mL),使得得到起始重量的Pd(acac)2(0.914mg,0.018mol%)和 (1)(3.795mg,0.052mol%)。为了用液体酸进行研究,添加所需 量的酸溶液。例如,对于3:1的H2SO4比例,借助于μL注射器添加 0.14mL(0.156mol%)。最后,借助于μL注射器添加甲醇,由此导 致存在总体积为3.38mL,并且得到MeOH与底物的摩尔比例为5:1。 在上述实例中,因此添加了2.3mL。将预先准备的五个玻璃容器悬挂 在300mL高压釜中。同时,将单独的管线引导到每个容器中,其使 得可以在反应温度下限定地计量添加底物。将所述高压釜关闭并用 CO吹扫三次,和然后注入CO至15巴。然后将反应溶液加热到所需 的温度115℃。在恒定温度下20分钟后,将所述底物借助于HPLC泵 转移到所述反应容器中(2.6mL,16.7mmol)。在1小时后,经由底 物管线各自取样。向0.5mL这种样品中掺入异辛烷作为标准物,并借 助于GC和GCMS分析测定产率和正构:异构(n:iso)比例。
*本发明实施例
铝或三氟甲磺酸盐化合物(二异丁烯)
催化剂溶液:
在10mL Schlenk容器中称入Pd(acac)2(83.3mg)和(1)(238.1 mg)并将它们溶解在甲醇(7mL)中。
硫酸溶液:
在15mL Schlenk容器中称入H2SO4(0.386g)并将其溶解在甲 醇(5mL)中。
在具有磁力搅拌棒的10mL玻璃容器中进行反应。在固体酸的情 况下,首先将其称入(4mol%;酸:(1)的摩尔比例=10:1)并将 其如上所述那样进行预处理。借助于μL注射器添加所需量的催化剂 溶液(1mL),使得得到起始重量的Pd(acac)2(11.9mg,0.2mol%) 和(1)(34.01mg,0.4mol%)。为了用液体酸H2SO4进行研究, 借助于μL注射器添加所需量的酸溶液,1mL(4mol%)。最后,借 助于μL注射器添加甲醇,由此存在总体积为3.94mL,并且得到MeOH与底物的摩尔比例为5:1。将预先准备的五个玻璃容器悬挂在 300mL高压釜中。同时,将单独的管线引导到每个容器中,其使得可 以在反应温度下限定地计量添加底物(3mL,19.4mmol)。将所述 高压釜关闭并用CO吹扫三次,和然后注入CO至15巴。然后将反应 溶液加热到所需的温度115℃。在恒定温度下20分钟后,将所述底物 借助于HPLC泵转移到所述反应容器中(3mL,19.4mmol)。在1 小时后,经由底物管线各自取样。向0.5mL这种样品中掺入异辛烷作 为标准物,并借助于GC和GC-MS分析测定产率和正构:异构比例。
酸 | 产率(MTMH)[%] |
H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> | 87 |
Al(OTf)<sub>3</sub>* | 94 |
Cu(OTf)<sub>3</sub> | <1 |
Fe(OTf)<sub>3</sub> | <1 |
Mg(OTf)<sub>3</sub> | <1 |
Na(OTf)<sub>3</sub> | <1 |
Zn(OTf)<sub>3</sub> | <1 |
Al(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> | 3 |
Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> | 8 |
Al(acac)<sub>3</sub> | <1 |
*本发明实施例
改变配体(1-辛烯)
催化剂溶液:
对于7mL甲醇溶液,在10mL Schlenk容器中称入Pd(acac)2 (0.004mol/L)和配体(0.0116mol/L)。
在具有磁力搅拌棒的10mL玻璃容器中进行反应。在固体酸的情 况下,首先将其称入并如上所述那样对其进行预处理。在所需比例为 1mol:1mol的实施例中,称入4.13mg Al(OTf)3。借助于μL注射器 添加所需量的催化剂溶液(0.75mL),使得得到起始重量的Pd(acac)2 (0.914mg,0.018mol%)和(1)(3.795mg,0.052mol%)。最后, 借助于μL注射器添加甲醇,由此存在总体积为3.38mL,并且得到 MeOH与底物的摩尔比例为5:1。将预先准备的五个玻璃容器悬挂在 300mL高压釜中。同时,将单独的管线引导到每个容器中,其使得可以在反应温度下限定地计量加入底物。将所述高压釜关闭并用CO吹 扫三次,和然后注入CO至15巴。然后将反应溶液加热到所需的温度115℃。在恒定温度下20分钟后,将所述底物借助于HPLC泵转移到 所述反应容器中(2.6mL,16.7mmol)。在1小时后,经由底物管线 各自取样。向0.5mL这种样品中掺入异辛烷作为标准物,并借助于 GC和GCMS分析测定产率和正构:异构比例。
*本发明实施例
改变酸等价物(1-辛烯)
催化剂溶液:
在10mL Schlenk容器中称入Pd(acac)2(8.53mg)和(1)(35.42 mg)并将它们溶解在甲醇(7mL)中。
硫酸溶液:
在15mL Schlenk容器中称入H2SO4(0.184g)并将其溶解在甲 醇(10mL)中。
在具有磁力搅拌棒的10mL玻璃容器中进行反应。在固体酸的情 况下,首先将其称入并如上所述那样对其进行预处理。借助于μL注 射器添加所需量的催化剂溶液(0.75mL),使得得到起始重量的 Pd(acac)2(0.914mg,0.018mol%)和(1)(3.795mg,0.052mol%)。 为了用液体酸进行研究,添加所需量的酸溶液。例如,对于4:1的 H2SO4比例,借助于μL注射器添加0.19mL(0.21mol%)。最后, 借助于μL注射器添加甲醇,由此存在总体积为3.38mL,并且得到 MeOH与底物的摩尔比例为5:1。在上述实施例中,因此添加2.44 mL。将预先准备的五个玻璃容器悬挂在300mL高压釜中。同时,将 单独的管线引导到每个容器中,其使得可以在反应温度下限定地计量 添加底物。将所述高压釜关闭并用CO吹扫三次,和然后注入CO至15巴。然后将反应溶液加热到所需的温度115℃。在恒定温度下20 分钟后,将所述底物借助于HPLC泵转移到所述反应容器中(2.6mL, 16.7mmol)。在1小时后,经由底物管线各自取样。向0.5mL这种 样品中掺入异辛烷作为标准物,并借助于GC和GCMS分析测定产率 和正构:异构比例。
*本发明实施例
改变酸等价物(二异丁烯)
催化剂溶液:
在10mL Schlenk容器中称入Pd(acac)2(83.3mg)和(1)(238.1 mg)并将它们溶解在甲醇(7mL)中。
硫酸溶液:
在15mL Schlenk容器中称入H2SO4(0.386g)并将其溶解在甲 醇(5mL)中。
在具有磁力搅拌棒的10mL玻璃容器中进行反应。在固体酸的情 况下,首先将其称入并如上所述那样对其进行预处理。借助于μL注 射器添加所需量的催化剂溶液(1mL),使得得到起始重量的Pd(acac)2 (11.9mg,0.2mol%)和(1)(34.01mg,0.4mol%)。为了用液体酸进行研究,添加所需量的酸溶液。例如,对于1:1的H2SO4比例, 借助于μL注射器添加0.1mL(0.4mol%)。最后,借助于μL注射 器添加甲醇,由此存在总体积为3.94mL,并且得到MeOH与底物的 摩尔比例为5:1。在上述实例中,因此添加2.8mL。将预先准备的五 个玻璃容器悬挂在300mL高压釜中。同时,将单独的管线引导到每 个容器中,其使得可以在反应温度下限定地计量添加底物(3mL,19.4 mmol)。将所述高压釜关闭并用CO吹扫三次,和然后注入CO至 15巴。然后将反应溶液加热到所需的温度115℃。在恒定温度下20 分钟后,将所述底物借助于HPLC泵转移到所述反应容器中(3mL, 19.4mmol)。在1小时后,经由底物管线各自取样。向0.5mL这种 样品中掺入异辛烷作为标准物,并借助于GC和GCMS分析测定产率 和正构:异构比例。
*本发明实施例。
Claims (11)
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中方法步骤c)进行至少两次,并且通过充灌惰性气体来中断所施加的真空。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中R2和R4是叔丁基。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的方法,其中所述方法包括额外的方法步骤c'):
c')将得自c)的经预处理的三氟甲磺酸铝溶解在溶剂中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中在方法步骤c')中使用的溶剂是与在方法步骤e)中相同的醇。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其中在方法步骤b)中的包含Pd的化合物选自二氯化钯、乙酰丙酮钯(II)、乙酸钯(II)、二氯(1,5-环辛二烯)钯(II)、双(二苄叉基丙酮)钯、双(乙腈)二氯钯(II)、(肉桂基)二氯化钯。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,其中在方法步骤e)中的醇选自甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、1-丁醇、1-戊醇、1-己醇、2-丙醇、叔丁醇、3-戊醇、环己醇、苯酚或它们的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的方法,其中在方法步骤e)中的醇是甲醇。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项的方法,其中在方法步骤d)中,三氟甲磺酸铝:配体的比例在2.5mol:1mol至15mol:1mol范围内。
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