CN114538995A - Nitrogen fertilizer synergist, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Nitrogen fertilizer synergist, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114538995A CN114538995A CN202210100644.2A CN202210100644A CN114538995A CN 114538995 A CN114538995 A CN 114538995A CN 202210100644 A CN202210100644 A CN 202210100644A CN 114538995 A CN114538995 A CN 114538995A
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- nitrogen fertilizer
- synergist
- fertilizer synergist
- nitrogen
- fertilizer
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
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- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XFZJEEAOWLFHDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R)-3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavan(48)-3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan Natural products C=12OC(C=3C=C(O)C(O)=CC=3)C(O)CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=1C(C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O1)C(O)C1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 XFZJEEAOWLFHDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKGIQRNAGSSHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium Chemical compound C1C[N+](C)(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 MKGIQRNAGSSHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWEZAWNPTYBADX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Procyanidin Natural products OC1C(OC2C(O)C(Oc3c2c(O)cc(O)c3C4C(O)C(Oc5cc(O)cc(O)c45)c6ccc(O)c(O)c6)c7ccc(O)c(O)c7)c8c(O)cc(O)cc8OC1c9ccc(O)c(O)c9 CWEZAWNPTYBADX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOJZMWJRUKIQGL-FWCKPOPSSA-N Procyanidin C2 Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](c2cc(O)c(O)cc2)Oc2c([C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](c4cc(O)c(O)cc4)Oc4c3c(O)cc(O)c4)c(O)cc(O)c2[C@@H]1c1c(O)cc(O)c2c1O[C@@H]([C@H](O)C2)c1cc(O)c(O)cc1 MOJZMWJRUKIQGL-FWCKPOPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HGVVOUNEGQIPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N procyanidin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C(O)C(O)C1(C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)OC1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2OC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HGVVOUNEGQIPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and discloses a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, a preparation method and application, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of polyaspartic acid, 10-15 parts of 2-methylene succinic anhydride, 5-7.5 parts of acrylamide, 0.2-0.6 part of potassium persulfate and 800-1200 parts of distilled water; the preparation method of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, carrying out dissolution reaction in a reaction kettle, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixed solution by a constant-temperature shaker to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist. The polyaspartic acid which is an active ingredient of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist has good ion adsorption and biodegradability; the fertilizer is copolymerized with 2-methylene succinic anhydride and acrylamide and then coated on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form a protective film, so that volatilization of a nitrogen fertilizer and eluviation and runoff loss of the nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced, a fertilizer slow release effect is achieved, growth and development of crops are promoted, and yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, a preparation method and application.
Background
Currently, nitrogen is an organism in the plant bodyImportant constituents of macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll and partial hormones. The nitrogen absorbed by crops is subjected to various physiological processes such as reduction, transportation and metabolism, and is coordinated with protein metabolism and carbon metabolism, so that the basic process of forming plant life activities can be realized, the nitrogen application amount is properly increased within a certain range, the utilization rate of the nitrogen of the crops can be improved, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves of the crops can be regulated and controlled, the accumulation of photosynthetic substances on the ground can be promoted, and the yield and the dry matter accumulation amount of the crops can be further improved. Urea is a nitrogen fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content and is suitable for various soils and plants. The urea applied to the soil is absorbed by crops and fixed by the soil, and the other nitrogen fertilizers are NH4 +、NO3 -、NH3、N2The forms of O and the like enter the environment and are lost, so that the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced.
Research shows that the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 28-41%, the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer for Chinese field crops is only 30%, and most of nitrogen fertilizer is lost through ammonia volatilization, denitrification, surface runoff, underground leakage and the like and enters the environment. In agricultural production, blind application of nitrogen fertilizer in pursuit of high yield on one side not only reduces the utilization rate of nitrogen element of crops, causes resource waste and cost increase, but also causes a series of environmental pollution problems of soil pollution, exceeding nitrate nitrogen content of underground water, increasing nitrous oxide emission in the atmosphere, eutrophication of water bodies in rivers and lakes and the like, and seriously threatens the sustainable development of agriculture and the health of human beings; therefore, measures are taken to improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, and the method has important significance for environmental protection and high-efficiency and safe production of crops.
At present, methods for improving the utilization rate of nitrogen, reducing the loss of fertilizer and controlling environmental pollution are various, and the methods comprise soil testing and formulated fertilization; reasonably dressing nitrogen fertilizer; organic fertilizer replaces partial fertilizer; applying fertilizer accurately; the straw is returned to the field, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, the soil structure is changed, the nitrogen utilization rate and the yield can be effectively improved, the deficiency of urea caused by ammonia volatilization, runoff, leaching and the like is made up, and the labor cost is increased. In order to meet the requirements of low development energy consumption, low cost, good effect and the like, the fertilizer value-added technology and the development value-added fertilizer are favored by the research of novel fertilizers at home and abroad. Such as physically, chemically, to slow or control the rate of urea dissolution, including resin coated urea, sulfur coated urea, urea formaldehyde fertilizers, etc. (patent 200510026172.7, 200510136749. X); or adding urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, etc. to inhibit or regulate the urea converting rate chemically, biochemically, etc. The nutrient release speed of the coated fertilizer is easily influenced by external environmental factors and is difficult to control, the controlled release effect is poor, and the sustained and controlled release effect is mainly limited by a coating material; to date, hundreds of compounds have been found to show strong or weak inhibitory effect, but the varieties which can be really used in production practice and applied in large-scale popularization are not many, including the dominant inhibitors DCD, DMPP, NBPT and the like at home and abroad, these inhibitors have many defects which are difficult to overcome, including short action time, large influence by temperature, high air pressure, high volatility, incapability of being added into solid fertilizer, large dosage and high cost, for example, patent 202011455959.6 uses crude procyanidin as raw material, and prepares a nitrogen fertilizer synergist containing plant source denitrification inhibitor by adding urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor, nitrogen stabilizer, carrier and filler, wherein the addition of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor needs complicated process to ensure the stability; for example, patent 201710594389.0 discloses a nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-fixing efficient biofertilizer for increasing crop yield by using itaconic acid, which comprises a nitrogen-fixing fertilizer, a phosphorus-fixing fertilizer and a synergist, wherein itaconic acid, maleic anhydride and acetic anhydride are polymerized under the initiation conditions of potassium persulfate and tert-butyl hydroperoxide respectively, the obtained polymer is uniformly mixed with conventional nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer to achieve better nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-fixing effects, and meanwhile, raw materials and proportions of the synergist are selected to supplement the nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-fixing fertilizer and cooperate with the nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-fixing fertilizer to provide more nutrient elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen and the like required for crop growth and absorption, while the synergist comprises ferric sulfate, powdered rock phosphate, calcium lignosulfonate and potassium humate, and the nitrogen-fixing fertilizer, the phosphorus-fixing fertilizer and the synergist are sequentially applied before and after fertilization, the preparation and the application are complex and not easy to popularize.
Therefore, the screening and synergistic combination technology of the novel synergist material with high efficiency, low toxicity and stable performance is still a focus of attention of domestic and foreign scientists, and has important agronomic and ecological significance.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) by adopting methods of soil testing formula fertilization, reasonable nitrogen fertilizer dressing, accurate fertilization, straw returning and the like, although the utilization rate of nitrogen can be effectively improved and the loss of nitrogen is reduced, the labor cost is increased.
(2) The nutrient release speed of the existing coated fertilizer is easily influenced by external environmental factors and is difficult to control, the controlled release effect is poor, and the sustained and controlled release effect is mainly limited by a coating material.
(3) The existing inhibitor can be really used for production practice and large-scale popularization and application, has short action time, is greatly influenced by temperature, has high air pressure increase, is volatile, cannot be added into solid fertilizer, and has large dosage and high cost.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
(1) whether the selected synergist is able to function; whether the performance is stable, whether the plant is easily influenced by external environment or not and whether the plant can continuously act in the growth period of crops or not; whether safe and environment-friendly.
(2) Whether the selected synergist can be uniformly integrated into the fertilizer or sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer; whether its performance is susceptible to fertilizer.
(3) Whether the raw materials of the selected synergist are easy to obtain; whether the manufacturing cost is controllable; whether the loss is easy to occur in the preparation process.
The significance for solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the labor cost can be saved by the matched application of the synergist and the fertilizer, but the problems of easy environmental influence, easy loss, short action time and the like exist in the conventional synergist, so that the research and preparation of the synergist with stable performance can ensure the sustained action of the synergist in the crop growth period; in the preparation process of the synergist, the raw materials of the synergist are prevented from being influenced by the fertilizer and the preparation process, the preparation cost is effectively saved, and the synergist is easy to popularize and use; meanwhile, raw materials of the synergist are safe and environment-friendly, so that the synergist is harmless to the environment; in a word, the high-efficiency, safe and stable-performance synergist can effectively improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the loss of nitrogen, save the agricultural production cost and increase the agricultural production benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers in the related technology, the disclosed embodiment of the invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, a preparation method and application. The technical scheme is as follows:
the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is prepared from, by weight, 15-20 parts of polyaspartic acid, 10-15 parts of 2-methylene succinic anhydride, 5-7.5 parts of acrylamide, 0.2-0.6 part of potassium persulfate and 800-1200 parts of distilled water.
In one embodiment, the effective ingredient of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is polyaspartic acid; the film forming agent of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is 2-methylene succinic anhydride and acrylamide; the initiator of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is potassium persulfate.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist by using the nitrogen fertilizer synergist, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, carrying out dissolution reaction in a reaction kettle, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixed solution by a constant-temperature shaker to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
Further, the preparation method of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
adding acrylamide, 2-methylene succinic anhydride, distilled water and potassium persulfate into a reaction kettle, stirring and reacting to prepare a mixed aqueous solution of the acrylamide and the 2-methylene succinic anhydride;
after cooling to room temperature, slowly adding polyaspartic acid into the mixed aqueous solution according to the weight part ratio, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution;
and step three, pouring the mixed solution into a constant-temperature shaker, and fully mixing the mixed solution to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
In one embodiment, in the first step, acrylamide, 2-methylene succinic anhydride, distilled water and an initiator potassium persulfate are mixed according to the weight part ratio of 1: 2: 80: 0.1 is added into the reaction kettle.
In one embodiment, the reaction temperature in the first step is controlled to be 30-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 15-20 min.
In one embodiment, in the second step, the ratio of the acrylamide to the polyaspartic acid in parts by weight is 0.75: 1 slowly adding polyaspartic acid, wherein the speed of adding polyaspartic acid is 0.1-0.3L/s, the stirring time is 15-20 min, and the stirring temperature is 18-25 ℃.
In one embodiment, the vibration frequency of the constant temperature vibrator in the third step is 300rpm, and the vibration time is 10-20 min.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist in the preparation of fertilizers.
In one embodiment, the fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer or a compound fertilizer.
In one embodiment, the application method of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist in the preparation of the fertilizer comprises the following steps:
when in preparation, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist solution is added into a nitrogen fertilizer or a compound fertilizer by adopting a high-pressure spraying method;
wherein the proportion of the synergist to the fertilizer is 1: 30, the spraying pressure is 50-75 MPa, the spraying time is 5-15 min, and the spraying temperature is 10-40 ℃.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the invention has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, high cost performance of raw materials and easiness in large-area popularization and use. The polyaspartic acid which is an effective component of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist has good ion adsorption and biodegradability and can be slowly degraded; the fertilizer is copolymerized with 2-methylene succinic anhydride and acrylamide and then wrapped on the surface of fertilizer particles to form a protective film, so that volatilization of a nitrogen fertilizer and eluviation and runoff loss of the nitrogen fertilizer are reduced, a slow release effect of the fertilizer is achieved, crops can fully absorb and utilize nitrogen nutrition in a growth period, and the purposes of promoting growth and development of the crops and improving yield and utilization efficiency of the fertilizer are achieved.
Compared with the prior slow-release fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the application effect is good. The invention relates to a preparation method of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, which is developed aiming at the problem of low utilization efficiency of a nitrogen fertilizer and solves the problems of volatilization of the nitrogen fertilizer, leaching and runoff loss of the nitrogen fertilizer and the like. The polyaspartic acid which is an effective component of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is an amino acid polymer, contains a large number of carboxyl and amide groups, has positive and negative charges, can absorb and enrich elements which are beneficial to plant growth in soil, has far higher exchange adsorption force on nutrient ions in the soil than the adsorption force of soil particles on the nutrient ions, can increase the lasting effect of nitrogen in the soil, strengthens the absorption of the crops on the nitrogen, reduces the loss of the nitrogen and increases the fertility of the soil. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist film-forming agent 2-methylene succinic anhydride contains carbon-carbon unsaturated double bonds, anhydride groups and other active functional groups in molecules and is an important polymerization monomer for producing high polymer materials; the nitrogen fertilizer synergist initiator potassium persulfate generates covalent bond homolytic cleavage under the action of heat or light to generate two free radicals, can initiate polymerization reaction, mixes and crosslinks a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing film-forming agents acrylamide and 2-methylene succinic anhydride serving as crosslinking monomers and polyaspartic acid, and coats the fertilizer, so that a protective film is formed outside fertilizer particles, urea is gradually released through slow degradation, and the waste of the urea is reduced. During the growth period of field crops such as wheat and corn, the nitrogen loss can be reduced by 5-7% cumulatively.
2. The manufacturing process is simple, and the use is convenient. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist is polymerized into a film by utilizing the properties of materials, a special matched fertilizer processing technology is not needed, and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist solution is added into a nitrogen fertilizer or a compound fertilizer by adopting a high-pressure spraying method, so that the nitrogen fertilizer synergist can be used for agricultural production. Compared with the method that the polyaspartic acid and the raw materials are mixed and then enter a production system for granulation, the contact area of the polyaspartic acid and the raw materials is reduced, and meanwhile, the influence of factors such as high temperature, damp and hot, micro negative pressure and the like on the molecular structure of the polyaspartic acid in the granulation process is avoided.
3. Low cost and less consumption. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist can be used for agricultural production by spraying the nitrogen fertilizer synergist on the surface of a fertilizer, is low in dosage, replaces other inhibitors, and reduces the fertilizer cost.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of synergistic nitrogen fertilizer (urea) prepared by spraying the nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared by the present invention on the surface of urea and air-drying the sprayed fertilizer and common urea.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, a preparation method and application thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Aiming at the problems of low utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer and the like in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, which reduces volatilization of the nitrogen fertilizer, leaching and runoff loss of the nitrogen fertilizer and has a fertilizer slow release effect.
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of polyaspartic acid, 10-15 parts of 2-methylene succinic anhydride, 5-7.5 parts of acrylamide, 0.2-0.6 part of potassium persulfate and 800-1200 parts of distilled water.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, adding acrylamide, 2-methylene succinic anhydride, distilled water and an initiator potassium persulfate into a reaction kettle, stirring and reacting to prepare a mixed aqueous solution of the acrylamide and the 2-methylene succinic anhydride;
s102, after cooling to room temperature, continuously and slowly adding polyaspartic acid into the mixed aqueous solution according to the weight part ratio, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution;
and S103, pouring the mixed solution into a constant-temperature vibrator to be fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared by the invention is sprayed on the surface of urea and dried in the air, thus being used for production. FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of synergistic nitrogen fertilizer (urea) prepared by spraying the nitrogen fertilizer synergist of the present invention on the surface of urea and air-drying with common urea. As shown in FIG. 2, the synergist forms a protective film on the surface of the urea granules.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 12-15 parts of 2-methylene succinic anhydride, 6-7.5 parts of acrylamide, 0.2-0.6 part of potassium persulfate and 800-1200 parts of distilled water.
The preparation method of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
mixing acrylamide, 2-methylene succinic anhydride, distilled water and an initiator potassium persulfate according to the weight part ratio of 1: 2: 80: 0.1, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, stirring, controlling the temperature to be 30-80 ℃, and reacting for 15-20 minutes to prepare a mixed aqueous solution of acrylamide and 2-methylene succinic anhydride. Cooling to room temperature, and then mixing the components in parts by weight of acrylamide and polyaspartic acid as follows: 1 slowly adding polyaspartic acid, and stirring at normal temperature. Pouring the mixed solution into a constant-temperature vibrator to be fully and uniformly mixed to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist solution.
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared according to the raw materials in the example 1 is sprayed on the surface of urea to obtain synergistic urea, and the synergistic urea is used for a wheat growth test. 3 treatments are set up in the test, namely a control treatment of 50kg/667m urea2No synergist is added; treatment 1: synergistic urea 50kg/667m2Adding a synergist; and (3) treatment 2: synergistic urea 37.5kg/667m2Adding synergist, and sowing wheat in 10 months and 23 days, each 667m2The seeding amount is 12 kg. The test uses an incomplete random block design, with 10 × 30-300 m per treated area2Each treatment was set to 3 replicates. In addition, all fertilizers are used as base fertilizers for one-time fertilization, irrigation measures are not adopted during the growth period, and only natural precipitation is relied on. Respectively sampling at intervals of 7d after the wheat blooms, and determining corresponding indexes.
TABLE 1 wheat morphology indices under different treatments
As can be seen from Table 1, under the condition of applying equal amount of urea, the synergistic urea application prepared by adding the synergist has more advantages in the form index of wheat, and under the condition of reducing the amount of urea by 75 percent and adding the synergist, the form index performance of wheat is also superior to that of the single urea application treatment, which shows that the synergist has supplementary benefit for the wheat to absorb and utilize nitrogen nutrition in urea.
TABLE 2 Total dry matter accumulation (g/plant) of overground part of wheat under different treatments
| Treatment of | Flowering period | Flower back 7d | Flower back 14d | Flower back 21d | Flower rear 28d | 35d after flower |
| Control | 24.60 | 29.90 | 33.77 | 36.76 | 43.44 | 48.00 |
| Process 1 | 33.35 | 38.39 | 41.88 | 50.78 | 53.69 | 56.99 |
| Treatment 2 | 27.17 | 34.23 | 37.54 | 43.45 | 51.22 | 53.33 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the amount of dry matter accumulated on the overground part of the wheat in the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 is more than that in the control treatment, which shows that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application after the addition of the synergist is better than that of single nitrogen fertilizer application, and the wheat can still maintain higher amount of dry matter accumulated under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer reduction.
TABLE 3 chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum leaves under different treatments
| Treatment of | Flowering period | Flower back 7d | Flower back 14d | Flower back 21d | Flower rear 28d | 35d after flower |
| Control | 58.94 | 57.66 | 55.07 | 48.61 | 33.36 | 48.00 |
| Process 1 | 66.33 | 65.35 | 59.88 | 51.77 | 35.94 | 56.99 |
| Treatment 2 | 62.47 | 60.89 | 57.70 | 50.22 | 34.23 | 53.33 |
The nitrogen is a chlorophyll component, and as can be seen from table 3, the chlorophyll content of the wheat flag leaves treated and treated in the step 2 is higher than that of the nitrogen fertilizer applied singly, which indicates that the wheat can keep higher chlorophyll content by adding the synergist, and the wheat is beneficial to growth.
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on wheat yield
| Treatment of | Ear number (10)4/667m2) | Grain number of ear (number/ear) | Thousand Kernel weight (g) | Yield (kg/667 m)2) |
| Control | 39.54 | 33.55 | 38.29 | 507.94 |
| Process 1 | 40.76 | 34.19 | 40.03 | 557.85 |
| Treatment 2 | 40.11 | 33.69 | 39.75 | 537.14 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the application of the synergistic urea added with the synergist can keep the ear number per mu, the grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight of the wheat colony at higher levels, and the final yield is better than that of the single urea application treatment.
In conclusion, the synergist is added when the urea is applied, so that the growth and development of the wheat are facilitated, and the wheat can still keep higher yield under a certain urea reduction condition, which shows that the synergist can promote the wheat to fully absorb and utilize nitrogen nutrition and reduce nitrogen loss, and the synergist has the characteristics of synergism, long-acting property and stability.
Example 2
The nitrogen fertilizer synergist prepared according to the raw materials in the example 1 is sprayed on the surface of the fertilizer to obtain the synergistic compound fertilizer, and the synergistic compound fertilizer is used for a corn growth and development test, wherein the test variety is Qiule 218. The experiment was set up with 2 treatments, respectively control treatments (CK): compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 15: 10)50kg/667m2No synergist is added; treatment (T1): 50kg/667m synergistic compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 15: 10)2. Sowing semen Maydis in middle and last ten days of 6 months, wherein 4800 plants are sown per mu, the large row spacing is 80cm, and the small row spacing50cm and plant spacing of 18 cm. The test uses an incomplete random block design, with 0.8 × 130 ═ 114m per treated area2Each treatment was set to 3 replicates. In addition, all fertilizers are used as base fertilizers to be applied at one time, no additional fertilization operation is carried out in the later period, irrigation measures are not adopted in the corn growing period, and only natural precipitation is relied on.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on corn yield
| Treatment of | Ear number (ear/667 m)2) | Ear grain number (grain/ear) | Bai Lili (g) | Yield (kg/667 m)2) |
| CK | 4759 | 309 | 40.17 | 590.71 |
| T1 | 4775 | 325 | 41.32 | 641.23 |
T1 is higher than CK in terms of ear number, ear number and thousand kernel weight. T1 increased 8.55% more than CK.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific experiments.
Test 1
First, experimental design
The experiment was set up with 3 treatments, respectively control treatments: urea 50kg/667m2No synergist is added; treatment 1: synergistic urea 50kg/667m2Adding a synergist; and (3) treatment 2: synergistic urea 37.5kg/667m2And adding a synergist. The test uses an incomplete random block design, with 10 × 30-300 m per treated area2Each treatment was set to 3 replicates.
Wheat is sown in 23 days of 10 months every 667m2The seeding amount is 12 kg. All fertilizers are used as base fertilizers for one-time fertilization, irrigation measures are not adopted during the growth period, and only natural precipitation is relied on.
Second, measurement items and methods
1. The wheat form index is as follows: taking 10 x 3 wheat fresh samples after wheat blossoms, and measuring the plant height and the number of main stem leaves after the wheat blossoms; after the wheat was ripe, 10 × 3 plants were sampled and the ear length and the internode length under the ear were measured.
2. Dry matter accumulation amount of aerial parts: and (3) taking overground part fresh samples every 7 days within 0-35 days after the wheat blooms, deactivating enzymes of the fresh samples, drying the samples, and weighing the samples.
3. Chlorophyll content of wheat leaves: in the morning of 9-11 days of sunny breeze, wheat main stem functional leaf flag leaves are randomly selected to measure the chlorophyll content in the interval of 7d in 0-35 d after blooming of field wheat, and an average value is obtained by multiple measurements by using a SPAD-502 (produced in Japan) portable chlorophyll measuring instrument.
4. Wheat yield: each processing sub-district selects 1m2The whole wheat plants are repeated for 3 times respectively, the spike forming number is checked, and the spike number of hectare is calculated. Naturally air-drying, threshing, examining seeds, measuring grain number and thousand seed weight, and calculating yield
Third, results and analysis
TABLE 6 wheat morphology indices under different treatments
TABLE 7 Total dry matter accumulation (g/plant) of overground parts of wheat under different treatments
TABLE 8 chlorophyll content of wheat flag leaves under different treatments
TABLE 9 Effect of different treatments on wheat yield
The test results are shown in tables 6-9, and the morphological indexes of the wheat are that the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 are superior to the comparison; the dry matter accumulation amount, chlorophyll content and yield of the aerial parts are expressed as treatment 1> treatment 2> control. Under the condition of applying equal amount of urea, the synergistic agent is added to prepare the synergistic urea, so that the growth of wheat is more dominant, and under the condition of reducing the urea by 75 percent and adding the synergistic agent, the performance of each index of the wheat is better than that of the single urea application.
Fourth, conclusion
By combining the analysis, the synergist matched with the urea is beneficial to the absorption of the nitrogen by the wheat, so that the growth of the wheat is promoted, and the yield is increased; and under the condition of urea reduction, the growth vigor and the final yield of the wheat can still be maintained at a higher level.
Test 2
First, experimental design
The corn variety tested was qiule 218. The experiment was set up with 2 treatments, respectively control treatments (CK): compound medicine50kg/667m of compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 15: 10)2No synergist is added; treatment (T1): 50kg/667m synergistic compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 20: 15: 10)2。
The corn is sowed in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, 4800 plants are sowed in each mu, the large row spacing is 80cm, the small row spacing is 50cm, and the plant spacing is 18 cm. The test uses an incomplete random block design, with 0.8 × 130 ═ 114m per treated area2Each treatment was set to 3 replicates. In addition, all fertilizers are used as base fertilizers to be applied at one time, no additional fertilization operation is carried out in the later period, irrigation measures are not adopted in the corn growing period, and only natural precipitation is relied on.
Second, measurement items and methods
Each processing is divided into cells to select 3m2The whole plants are repeated for 3 times respectively, the spike number is checked, and the spike number of hectare is calculated. And (5) threshing after natural air drying, testing seeds, measuring the number of grains per ear and the weight of thousand grains, and calculating the yield.
Third, results and analysis
TABLE 10 Effect of different treatments on corn yield
As shown in Table 10, T1 was higher than CK and T1 was increased by 8.55% in comparison with CK in terms of ear number, ear number and thousand seed weight.
Fourth, conclusion
The synergist is matched with urea, so that the nitrogen can be absorbed and utilized by the corn, the growth and development of the corn are promoted, and the yield of the corn is increased.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist is characterized by comprising, by weight, 15-20 parts of polyaspartic acid, 10-15 parts of 2-methylene succinic anhydride, 5-7.5 parts of acrylamide, 0.2-0.6 part of potassium persulfate and 800-1200 parts of distilled water.
2. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1, wherein the effective component of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is polyaspartic acid;
the film forming agent of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is 2-methylene succinic anhydride and acrylamide;
the initiator of the nitrogen fertilizer synergist is potassium persulfate.
3. A method for preparing a nitrogen fertilizer synergist as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, comprising:
weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, carrying out dissolution reaction in a reaction kettle, and fully and uniformly mixing the mixed solution by a constant-temperature shaker to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
4. The method for preparing nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 3, wherein the method for preparing nitrogen fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
adding acrylamide, 2-methylene succinic anhydride, distilled water and potassium persulfate into a reaction kettle, stirring and reacting to prepare a mixed aqueous solution of the acrylamide and the 2-methylene succinic anhydride;
after cooling to room temperature, slowly adding polyaspartic acid into the mixed aqueous solution according to the weight part ratio, and stirring at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution;
and step three, pouring the mixed solution into a constant-temperature shaker, and fully mixing the mixed solution to obtain the nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
5. The method for preparing nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 4, wherein in the first step, the mixture ratio of acrylamide, 2-methylene succinic anhydride, distilled water and potassium persulfate is 1: 2: 80: 0.1 is added into the reaction kettle.
6. The method for preparing nitrogen fertilizer synergist in claim 4, wherein the reaction temperature in the first step is controlled at 30-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 15-20 min.
7. The method for preparing nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to claim 4, wherein in the second step, the weight ratio of acrylamide to polyaspartic acid is 0.75: 1 slowly adding polyaspartic acid, wherein the speed of adding polyaspartic acid is 0.1-0.3L/s, the stirring time is 15-20 min, and the stirring temperature is 18-25 ℃.
8. The method for preparing nitrogen fertilizer synergist in claim 4, wherein the vibration frequency of the constant temperature vibrator in step three is 300rpm, and the vibration time is 10-20 min.
9. The use of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist according to any one of claims 1-2 in the preparation of a fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer or a compound fertilizer.
10. The use of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist as claimed in claim 9 in the preparation of a fertilizer, wherein said nitrogen fertilizer synergist is applied by a method comprising:
during preparation, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist solution is added into a nitrogen fertilizer or a compound fertilizer by adopting a spraying method;
wherein the proportion of the synergist to the fertilizer is 1: 30, the spraying pressure is 50-75 MPa, the spraying time is 5-15 min, and the spraying temperature is 10-40 ℃.
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