CN114538903B - 一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114538903B
CN114538903B CN202210437255.9A CN202210437255A CN114538903B CN 114538903 B CN114538903 B CN 114538903B CN 202210437255 A CN202210437255 A CN 202210437255A CN 114538903 B CN114538903 B CN 114538903B
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张志韧
姜美平
张湘豪
陈跃智
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Hunan Lida High New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料及其制备方法,属于耐火材料技术领域,包括以下质量百分比原料:镁铝尖晶石颗粒25‑35%、氮化硅3‑5%、活性α‑Al2O3微粉4‑6%、氧化镁5‑8%、结合剂4‑6%、抑制剂1‑3%、防爆纤维0.1‑0.3%、余量为铬刚玉;制备步骤如下:将镁铝尖晶石颗粒、氮化硅、活性α‑Al2O3微粉、氧化镁、1/5结合剂、防爆纤维和铬刚玉加入搅拌器中,搅拌5‑10min后,加入剩余结合剂和抑制剂,搅拌均匀,得到高强度铬刚玉捣打料;本发明捣打料价格低廉、绿色环保,具有强度高、耐磨性好,抗煤渣侵蚀性和抗煤渣渗透性优异的特点。

Description

一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,具体地,涉及一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于能源日益短缺、对环境保护的要求也日益严苛,如何将煤炭资源高效、洁净地利用尤为重要。由于水煤浆气化技术有着较为环保、合成气质量好、产量大、煤种适应性广以及碳转化率高等特点,从而广泛应用于国内外。作为水煤浆气化技术的主要设备,水煤浆气化炉的工况环境十分恶劣。铬刚玉主要矿物组成为α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的固熔体,因为Cr2O3材料在煤熔渣中的溶解度很小,并且能适应不同的气氛条件,使得铬刚玉成为水煤浆气化炉中不可或缺的内衬耐火材料。
中国专利CN110835260A公开一种种高耐磨铬钢玉捣打料及其应用,包括以下重量份数的各组分:铬刚玉56~65份、锆刚玉0~15份、结合剂6~12份、增强剂1~4份、促凝剂3~6份、防爆纤维0.3~0.5份、氮化硅3~5份、氮化硼2~4份、绶聚剂0.1~0.3份;为了改善铬刚玉的烧结性能,该专利加入了价格较贵的锆刚玉,并且以为52%~58%的磷酸铝铬水溶液为结合剂,不仅生产成本高,而且结合剂中含有高价铬,结合剂中高价铬和铬刚玉中Cr2O3容易发生变价,在生产和使用过程中,产生对人体有毒、环境有害的Cr6+,因此,提供一种成本较低、绿色环保并且力学性能优异的铬刚玉捣打料用于水煤浆气化炉中是目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的技术问题,本发明提供一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料及其制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,包括以下质量百分比原料:镁铝尖晶石颗粒25-35%、氮化硅3-5%、活性α-Al2O3微粉4-6%、氧化镁5-8%、结合剂4-6%、抑制剂1-3%、防爆纤维0.1-0.3%、余量为铬刚玉;
该高强度铬刚玉捣打料由以下步骤制成:
将镁铝尖晶石颗粒、氮化硅、活性α-Al2O3微粉、氧化镁、1/5结合剂、防爆纤维和铬刚玉加入搅拌器中,搅拌5-10min后,加入剩余结合剂和抑制剂,搅拌均匀,得到高强度铬刚玉捣打料。
进一步地,抑制剂由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将天然沸石过250-300目筛,浸泡于浓度1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,频率40-45kHz下超声分散35-45min,过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,置于100-105℃下干燥至恒重,得到预处理沸石;
其中,天然沸石和氢氧化钠溶液的用量比为0.8-1.2g:9.5-12.5mL,由于天然沸石所含成分比较复杂,其内部孔道之间连通性差,甚至有孔洞堵塞现象,大大降低其吸附容量和适用范围,因此,本发明将其置于氢氧化钠溶液中去除其表面及孔道中的杂质,使其有效孔体积及表面积增大,微孔孔容增加;
步骤A2、将硫酸亚铁溶液加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌5-8min后加入羧甲基纤维素,氮气吹扫15min后,加入预处理沸石并转移至超声仪中,超声处理30-35min后,滴加NaBH4溶液,控制滴加速率为5mL/min,滴加结束后,反应30min后,过滤,滤饼用无水乙醇和去离子水交替洗涤一次,最后于80℃下干燥6h,得到抑制剂;
其中,硫酸亚铁溶液由FeSO4·7H2O和去离子水按照用量比0.05mol:100mL混合而成,NaBH4溶液由NaBH4和去离子水按照用量比0.15mol:10mL混合而成,硫酸亚铁溶液、预处理沸石和NaBH4溶液的用量比为100mL:5.8-6.4g:10mL,以硫酸亚铁溶液为铁源,NaBH4为还原剂,以预处理沸石为无机载体,制备抑制剂,使预处理沸石表面均匀负载纳米零价铁,并且在溶液中加入羧甲基纤维素,其包覆在纳米零价铁表面,一方面使其不易被氧化,另一方面增加空间位阻,防止团聚。
进一步地,结合剂由以下步骤制成:
步骤B1、将铝粉、硅粉和炭黑按照物质的量比4:1:4混合,氮气保护下球磨24h后,转移至真空烧结炉中1700℃下保温2h,得到Al4SiC4粉体,将Al4SiC4粉体、碳化硼、无水乙醇和去离子水混合,加入KH-550,搅拌反应4-6h后抽滤,滤饼于90-100℃下干燥至恒重,得到填料;
其中,Al4SiC4粉体、碳化硼、无水乙醇、去离子水和KH-550的用量比为2.5-3.4g:1.1-1.3g:25-30mL:25mL:0.3-0.5g,以铝粉、硅粉和炭黑为原料制备出Al4SiC4粉体,然后将Al4SiC4粉体和碳化硼混合,并利用KH-550对其进行改性处理,提高其与树脂基材的相容性;
步骤B2、将酚醛树脂、填料按照质量比7:3混合,并转速300-500r/min条件下搅拌40-50min,得到结合剂。
进一步地,铬刚玉的粒径组成为3-1mm、1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为3-7:1-5,其中Al2O3质量百分比含量为80-82%、Cr2O3质量百分比含量为14-15%、Al2O3和Cr2O3重量的质量百分比含量≥95%。
进一步地,镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒径为5-3mm、3-1mm和1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为8-11:5-8:3-6。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明捣打料高温抗折强度在16.0MPa以上,耐磨性在2.0cm3以下,Cr(VI)浸出量小于1.5mg/L,价格低廉、绿色环保,具有强度高、耐磨性好,抗煤渣侵蚀性和抗煤渣渗透性优异的特点。
2、本发明将抑制剂加入铬刚玉捣打料中,在捣打料养护过程和热处理的中温阶段(500-1100℃),沸石可以吸附原料中的高价铬离子,降低Cr6+的浸出毒性,并且沸石表面的纳米零价铁能够与高价铬离子发生氧化还原反应,进一步降低Cr6+的浸出毒性,在捣打料热处理阶过程中的高温阶段(1300-1600℃),沸石中的SiO2和Al2O3一方面与煤炉渣中的CaO反应形成稳定的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元化合物,例如钙黄长石或六铝酸钙,另一方面,沸石中SiO2的引入促进微区液相的形成,有利于三价铬固溶体(Al,Cr)2O3和Ca(Al,Cr)12O19的形成,显著抑制Cr6+化合物CaCrO4和Ca4Al6CrO16的生成,降低Cr6+的浸出毒性,因此,本发明中的抑制剂可以通过沸石的表面吸附作用、无机化学反应和纳米零价铁还原作用,控制金属离子的扩散,从而抑制Cr6+的生成与浸出。
3、本发明以酚醛树脂为基料,以KH-550改性后的Al4SiC4粉体、碳化硼为填料,通过共混,得到结合剂,该结合剂能够使捣打料中颗粒物质紧密结合,在中温条件下,结合剂会裂解,使得捣打料以良好的碳网络结合,保温捣打料的高强度性能,然后碳化硼将与CO等树脂裂解产物发生反应(如:B4C+6CO=2B2O3+7C),碳化硼的存在一方面能够使CO等小分子裂解产物转化无定型炭,有效提高酚醛树脂的高温残炭值,改善粘接层的稳定性,另一方面,生成的B2O3在高温下熔融并伴随着体积膨胀,有助于愈合粘接层的体积缺陷,提高捣打料的高温致密度,而Al4SiC4粉体在高温、CO气氛下,先生成SiC和Al2O3,SiC和Al2O3进一步反应,在捣打料中生成玻璃相、莫来石和刚玉复合保护层,同时体积效应堵塞部分气孔,提高捣打料的抗氧化性能,并且Al4SiC4粉体与煤炉渣的润湿性差,具有较高的抗侵蚀和抗冲刷能力。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种抑制剂,由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将0.8g天然沸石过250-300目筛,浸泡于9.5mL浓度1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,频率40kHz下超声分散35min,过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,置于100℃下干燥至恒重,得到预处理沸石;
步骤A2、将100mL硫酸亚铁溶液加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌5min后加入羧甲基纤维素,氮气吹扫15min后,加入5.8g预处理沸石并转移至超声仪中,超声处理30min后,滴加10mLNaBH4溶液,控制滴加速率为5mL/min,滴加结束后,反应30min后,过滤,滤饼用无水乙醇和去离子水交替洗涤一次,最后于80℃下干燥6h,得到抑制剂,硫酸亚铁溶液由FeSO4·7H2O和去离子水按照用量比0.05mol:100mL混合而成,NaBH4溶液由NaBH4和去离子水按照用量比0.15mol:10mL混合而成。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种抑制剂,由以下步骤制成:
步骤A1、将1.2g天然沸石过250-300目筛,浸泡于12.5mL浓度1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,频率45kHz下超声分散45min,过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,置于105℃下干燥至恒重,得到预处理沸石;
步骤A2、将100mL硫酸亚铁溶液加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌8min后加入羧甲基纤维素,氮气吹扫15min后,加入6.4g预处理沸石并转移至超声仪中,超声处理35min后,滴加10mLNaBH4溶液,控制滴加速率为5mL/min,滴加结束后,反应30min后,过滤,滤饼用无水乙醇和去离子水交替洗涤一次,最后于80℃下干燥6h,得到抑制剂,硫酸亚铁溶液由FeSO4·7H2O和去离子水按照用量比0.05mol:100mL混合而成,NaBH4溶液由NaBH4和去离子水按照用量比0.15mol:10mL混合而成。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种结合剂,由以下步骤制成:
步骤B1、将铝粉、硅粉和炭黑按照物质的量比4:1:4混合,氮气保护下球磨24h后,转移至真空烧结炉中1700℃下保温2h,得到Al4SiC4粉体,将2.5g Al4SiC4粉体、1.1g碳化硼、25mL无水乙醇和25mL去离子水混合,加入0.3g KH-550,搅拌反应4h后抽滤,滤饼于90℃下干燥至恒重,得到填料;
步骤B2、将酚醛树脂、填料按照质量比7:3混合,并转速300r/min条件下搅拌40min,得到结合剂。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种结合剂,由以下步骤制成:
步骤B1、将铝粉、硅粉和炭黑按照物质的量比4:1:4混合,氮气保护下球磨24h后,转移至真空烧结炉中1700℃下保温2h,得到Al4SiC4粉体,将3.4g Al4SiC4粉体、1.3g碳化硼、30mL无水乙醇和25mL去离子水混合,加入0.5g KH-550,搅拌反应6h后抽滤,滤饼于100℃下干燥至恒重,得到填料;
步骤B2、将酚醛树脂、填料按照质量比7:3混合,并转速500r/min条件下搅拌50min,得到结合剂。
实施例5
一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,包括以下质量百分比原料:镁铝尖晶石颗粒25%、氮化硅5%、活性α-Al2O3微粉4%、氧化镁8%、结合剂4%、抑制剂1%、防爆纤维0.3%、余量为铬刚玉;
该高强度铬刚玉捣打料由以下步骤制成:
将镁铝尖晶石颗粒、氮化硅、活性α-Al2O3微粉、氧化镁、1/5结合剂、防爆纤维和铬刚玉加入搅拌器中,搅拌8min后,加入剩余结合剂和抑制剂,搅拌均匀,得到高强度铬刚玉捣打料。
所述铬刚玉颗粒的粒径组成为3-1mm、1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为5:3,其中Al2O3质量百分比含量为80-82%、Cr2O3质量百分比含量为14-15%、Al2O3和Cr2O3重量的质量百分比含量≥95%,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒径为5-3mm、3-1mm和1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为9:7:5。
以铬刚玉为主要原料制备出高强度水煤浆气化炉用捣打料,使煤炉渣中的氧化铁与捣打料中的氧化铬、氧化铝在炉渣与捣打料界面生产高熔点的铁铝镁铬复合尖晶石,复合尖晶石层的出现一方面可以堵塞捣打料的空隙通道,提高其致密性,另一方面高熔点的尖晶石层能够有效阻碍炉渣对捣打料中的侵蚀、渗透,从而提高其抗渣、抗侵蚀、耐磨性能。
实施例6
一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,包括以下质量百分比原料:镁铝尖晶石颗粒30%、氮化硅4%、活性α-Al2O3微粉5%、氧化镁7%、结合剂5%、抑制剂2%、防爆纤维0.2%、余量为铬刚玉;
该高强度铬刚玉捣打料由以下步骤制成:
将镁铝尖晶石颗粒、氮化硅、活性α-Al2O3微粉、氧化镁、1/5结合剂、防爆纤维和铬刚玉加入搅拌器中,搅拌5min后,加入剩余结合剂和抑制剂,搅拌均匀,得到高强度铬刚玉捣打料。
所述铬刚玉颗粒的粒径组成为3-1mm、1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为3:5,其中Al2O3质量百分比含量为80-82%、Cr2O3质量百分比含量为14-15%、Al2O3和Cr2O3重量的质量百分比含量≥95%,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒径为5-3mm、3-1mm和1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为8:5:3。
本发明中捣打料应用于高强度水煤浆气化炉中,炉渣中的SiO2与CaO会从气孔和裂纹中渗透并与捣打料中的氧化铝微粉形成低熔点硅酸盐,减少炉渣的渗透性,将镁铝尖晶石和碳化硅复合后,可发挥尖晶石和碳化硅两种材料的互补作用,尖晶石吸收炉渣中Fe0,减少其对SiC的氧化,SiC与炉渣不润湿,抑制炉渣的渗透。
实施例7
一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,包括以下质量百分比原料:镁铝尖晶石颗粒35%、氮化硅3%、活性α-Al2O3微粉6%、氧化镁5%、结合剂6%、抑制剂1%、防爆纤维0.3%、余量为铬刚玉;
该高强度铬刚玉捣打料由以下步骤制成:
将镁铝尖晶石颗粒、氮化硅、活性α-Al2O3微粉、氧化镁、1/5结合剂、防爆纤维和铬刚玉加入搅拌器中,搅拌10min后,加入剩余结合剂和抑制剂,搅拌均匀,得到高强度铬刚玉捣打料。
所述铬刚玉颗粒的粒径组成为3-1mm、1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为7:2,其中Al2O3质量百分比含量为80-82%、Cr2O3质量百分比含量为14-15%、Al2O3和Cr2O3重量的质量百分比含量≥95%,所述镁铝尖晶石颗粒的粒径为5-3mm、3-1mm和1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为11:5:3。
本发明捣打料中活性α-Al2O3微粉、氧化镁在高温下生成原位镁铝尖晶石,一方面原位尖晶石的形成能够促进烧结,在一定程度上起到结合相的作用,提高材料力学性能;另一方面,原位反应生成镁铝尖晶石具有膨胀性,可以使材料因高温收缩产生的裂纹愈合,达到材料的自修复。
对比例1
将实施例5中的抑制剂去除,其余原料及制备过程同实施例5。
对比例2
将实施例6中的结合剂替换成酚醛树脂,其余原料及制备过程同实施例6。
对比例3
将实施例7中的结合剂替换成纯铝酸钙水泥,其余原料及制备过程同实施例7。
将实施例5-7和对比例1-3得到的捣打料进行测试,按照YB/T 5202.1-2003不定型耐火材料试样制备方法,将各组捣打料制成160×40×40试块,参考GB/T3002-2004测试高温抗折强度,参照GB/T18301-2001测试耐磨性能,将各组捣打料应用于水煤浆气化炉中,正常使用30h,对使用后的捣打料破碎,参照标准GB/T 15555.4-1995《固体废物六价铬的测定二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法》测试Cr(VI)浸出量,测试结果如表1所示:
表1
Figure 972302DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
由表1可以看出,实施例5-7所得的捣打料高温抗折强度在16.0MPa以上,耐磨性在2.0cm3以下,Cr(VI)浸出量小于1.5mg/L,均优于对比例1-3,并且不含氧化铬,价格低廉、绿色环保,具有强度高、耐磨性好,抗煤渣侵蚀性和抗煤渣渗透性优异的特点。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,其特征在于,包括以下质量百分比原料:镁铝尖晶石颗粒25-35%、氮化硅 3-5%、活性α-Al2 O3 微粉 4-6%、氧化镁 5-8%、结合剂 4-6%、抑制剂 1-3%、防爆纤维 0.1-0.3%、余量为铬刚玉;
其中,抑制剂由以下步骤制成:
将硫酸亚铁溶液和羧甲基纤维素加入三口烧瓶中,搅拌后氮气吹扫,
加入预处理沸石并超声处理,然后滴加 NaBH4 溶液,滴加结束反应 30min后,过滤,滤饼洗涤、干燥,得到抑制剂;
结合剂由以下步骤制成:
步骤 B1、将铝粉、硅粉和炭黑按照物质的量比 4:1:4 混合,氮气保护下球磨 24h 后,转移至真空烧结炉中 1700℃下保温 2h,得到 Al4 SiC4 粉体,将 Al4 SiC4 粉体、碳化硼、无水乙醇和去离子水混合,加入 KH-550,搅拌反应 4-6h 后抽滤,滤饼于 90-100℃下干燥至恒重,得到填料;
步骤 B2、将酚醛树脂、填料按照质量比 7:3 混合均匀,得到结合剂;
步骤 B1 中 Al4 SiC4 粉体、碳化硼、无水乙醇、去离子水和 KH-550 的用量比为 2.5-3.4g:1.1-1.3g:25-30mL:25mL:0.3-0.5g。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,其特征在于,硫酸亚铁溶液由FeSO4 ·7H2 O 和去离子水按照用量比 0.05mol:100mL 混合而成,NaBH4 溶液由 NaBH4和去离子水按照用量比 0.15mol:10mL 混合而成。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,其特征在于,预处理沸石由以下步骤制成:
将天然沸石过 250-300 目筛,浸泡于浓度 1mol/L 的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散 35-45min,过滤,滤饼洗涤、干燥,得到预处理沸石。
4.根据权利要求 1 所述的一种高强度铬刚玉捣打料,其特征在于,铬刚玉的粒径组成为 3-1mm、1-0.1mm,且质量比依次为 3-7:1-5。
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