CN114535625B - Ultra-precise turning machine tool for tiny conical rotary body component and tool setting and processing monitoring method - Google Patents

Ultra-precise turning machine tool for tiny conical rotary body component and tool setting and processing monitoring method Download PDF

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CN114535625B
CN114535625B CN202210366519.6A CN202210366519A CN114535625B CN 114535625 B CN114535625 B CN 114535625B CN 202210366519 A CN202210366519 A CN 202210366519A CN 114535625 B CN114535625 B CN 114535625B
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axis
workpiece
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ccd camera
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CN114535625A (en
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陈明君
周星颖
于天宇
杨辉
刘赫男
王广洲
程健
郭锐阳
赵林杰
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

An ultra-precise turning machine tool and a tool setting and processing monitoring method for a micro conical revolving body component relate to the technical field of micro component processing and aim to solve the problems that the ultra-precise turning processing of the existing micro component cannot accurately set the tool in a non-contact mode and cannot accurately monitor and correct the processing process at the same time. The invention provides an ultra-precise turning machine tool for a micro conical revolving body component, which comprises a machine tool main body, a tool setting and processing monitoring device and a processing monitoring control system, wherein the machine tool main body comprises a base, an X-axis linear unit, a Y-axis linear unit, a Z-axis linear unit, a workpiece shaft C shaft, a hydraulic revolving platform B shaft and a cutter set; the invention also provides an ultra-precise turning tool setting and processing monitoring method for the micro conical revolving body component, which realizes precise tool setting before processing and accurate monitoring of the processing process, and greatly improves the processing efficiency and the processing quality.

Description

Ultra-precise turning machine tool for tiny conical rotary body component and tool setting and processing monitoring method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro component machining, in particular to an ultra-precise turning machine tool for a micro conical rotary body component and a tool setting and machining monitoring method.
Background
With the increasing development of modern science and technology, various micro revolving parts with high profile precision and low surface roughness are widely applied in the fields of national defense and military, aerospace, electronic industry, biomedical treatment and the like. For example, the overall size of a tiny conical member for energy research is less than 3mm, micro grooves with the groove width of 50-300 μm and the depth-to-width ratio of more than 3 need to be turned on the surface of the tiny conical member, and meanwhile, the profile error of a part is ensured to be less than 0.3 μm, and the surface roughness value Ra is ensured to be less than 20nm. To perform ultra-precise turning of such a minute member requires not only high motion accuracy of the machine tool itself (high moving accuracy of a linear axis and high rotating accuracy of a rotary axis), but also high tool setting accuracy of the machine tool since the tool setting error is a significant source of the machining error. On the other hand, the wear and chatter of the tool during the ultra-precision turning process can seriously reduce the surface quality of the workpiece, so the machine tool also needs to have a processing monitoring system for monitoring the wear state, the chip form, the vibration state of the tool, and the like of the tool in the processing process in real time, and further correcting the processing technological parameters in real time and improving the processing surface quality.
In the traditional contact type tool setting trial cutting method, when the generation of cutting chips is observed, the tool is cut into a workpiece by more than 300nm, and in the trial cutting method, the tool setting is mostly carried out by adopting a mode of observing the inverted image of the tool, so that the operation process is complicated, and the tool setting efficiency is low. On the other hand, most of the existing ultra-precise tool monitoring systems have single monitoring parameters, and cannot comprehensively evaluate the machining state of the current machine tool. In order to realize the stable and controllable removal of materials in the ultra-precise turning process.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows:
the existing ultra-precise turning of the tiny component can not accurately carry out non-contact tool setting and can not accurately monitor and correct the machining process at the same time.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that:
the invention provides an ultra-precise turning machine tool for a tiny conical revolving body component, which comprises a machine tool main body, a tool setting and processing monitoring device and a processing monitoring control system, wherein the machine tool main body comprises a base, an X-axis linear unit, a Y-axis linear unit, a Z-axis linear unit, a workpiece axis C, a hydraulic revolving platform B and a tool set;
x axle straight line unit and Y axle straight line unit all install the upper surface at the base, X axle straight line unit includes: x axle linear electric motor and X axle motion planker, X axle linear electric motor drive X axle motion planker moves along X axle direction, and X axle direction is a horizontal direction, Y axle linear unit installs in X axle linear unit's top, can realize the linear motion of Y axle linear unit along X axle direction through the drive of X axle linear unit, Y axle linear unit includes: the Y-axis linear motor drives the Y-axis motion carriage to move along the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction is vertical; the C shaft of the workpiece shaft is arranged on the Y-axis movement carriage, and the C shaft of the workpiece shaft can linearly move along the Y-axis direction under the driving of the Y-axis linear unit; a C-axis rotating motor for driving a workpiece axis C to rotate is arranged in the Y-axis linear unit, a rotary air pressure collet chuck is arranged on the workpiece axis C, one end of the workpiece is arranged in the rotary air pressure collet chuck through an elastic collet, the other end of the workpiece is a processing end, and the contact area of the elastic collet and the workpiece is matched with the shape of the workpiece;
z axle straight line unit install on X axle straight line unit and with work piece axle C homonymy, Z axle straight line unit includes: the Z-axis linear motor drives the Z-axis motion carriage to move along the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction; the upper surface of the Z-axis motion carriage is provided with a B-axis of a hydraulic rotary table, the B-axis of the hydraulic rotary table is driven to linearly move along the Z-axis direction by a Z-axis linear unit, a B-axis rotation motor for driving the B-axis of the hydraulic rotary table to rotate is arranged in the Z-axis linear unit, and the upper surface of the B-axis of the hydraulic rotary table is provided with a transition disc;
the cutter group is arranged on the upper surface of the transition disc; the cutter group comprises a cutter, a cutter fixing frame, a cutter rest, a laser displacement sensor and piezoelectric ceramics, wherein the bottom end of the cutter rest is arranged on the upper surface of the transition disc, and the laser displacement sensor and the piezoelectric ceramics are arranged in the cutter rest;
tool setting and processing monitoring device includes: the device comprises a vertical high-resolution CCD camera set, a horizontal high-resolution CCD camera set, a dynamometer and an acceleration sensor, wherein the horizontal high-resolution CCD camera set is installed on the upper surface of a transition disc, and the vertical high-resolution CCD camera set is installed on a Y-axis motion carriage; the force measuring instrument is arranged at the edge of the cutter rest, the cutter fixing frame is arranged at the edge of the force measuring instrument, the cutter is fixed by the cutter fixing frame, the cutter fixing frame is provided with a damping groove, and the acceleration sensor is arranged on the side wall of the cutter rest;
the vertical high-resolution CCD camera group comprises: the device comprises a vertical CCD camera and a vertical CCD quick-change device, wherein the vertical CCD quick-change device is arranged on a Y-axis motion carriage, and the vertical CCD camera is arranged at the front end of the vertical CCD quick-change device;
the horizontal high-resolution CCD camera group comprises: the device comprises a horizontal CCD camera and a horizontal CCD mounting base, wherein the horizontal CCD mounting base is mounted on the upper surface of a transition disc, and the horizontal CCD camera is mounted at the upper end of the horizontal CCD mounting base;
the processing monitoring control system includes: the system comprises a multi-axis controller, an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, a Z-axis driver, a C-axis driver, a B-axis driver, an upper computer processor and an upper computer human-computer interaction interface;
sending a control instruction to a multi-axis controller through the upper computer human-computer interaction interface, wherein the multi-axis controller correspondingly controls an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, a Z-axis driver, a C-axis driver and a B-axis driver according to the control instruction, and each driver correspondingly controls each axis motor respectively, so that the control of each corresponding platform is realized; collecting cutting force signals, vibration signals and CCD image signals through a sensor, processing the collected signals through an upper computer processor respectively, and transmitting the processed signals to a machine tool control program of a multi-axis controller to control a machine tool;
the upper computer processor comprises a signal processing module and a signal analysis and decision module, and the signal processing module is used for processing the collected cutting force signal, the vibration signal and the CCD image signal; and the signal analysis and decision module is used for predicting the machining result, optimizing the machining parameters and transmitting the optimized parameters back to a control program of the machine tool.
An ultra-precision turning tool setting and monitoring method for a micro conical rotator component comprises the following specific steps:
measuring and adjusting the verticality between a cutter and a workpiece rotating shaft, so that the deviation angle between the cutter and the workpiece rotating shaft relative to the standard verticality is less than 5';
respectively carrying out flat field correction on the horizontal CCD camera and the vertical CCD camera to ensure that the white part in the image of the CCD camera is uniform and the color is restored smoothly;
thirdly, controlling a Y-axis linear motor to be combined with a coarse adjustment knob of a tool rest to adjust the distance between the tool and the workpiece rotation center in the vertical direction, so that the distance between the tool and the workpiece rotation center in the vertical direction is smaller than 3mm, and controlling an X-axis linear motor to make the distance between the tool tip and the workpiece surface in the horizontal direction smaller than 3mm; the coarse adjustment of the position of the tool relative to the workpiece 3 is completed;
step four, adopting an increment mode of a Y axis to carry out micro-displacement adjustment of the workpiece in the Y axis direction, so that the rotation center of the workpiece and the tool nose of the tool are in the same horizontal plane as much as possible; adopting a Z-axis increment mode to adjust the micro-displacement of the workpiece in the Z-axis direction, so that the end part of the workpiece and the tool nose are positioned in the same plane vertical to the Z axis as much as possible;
fifthly, adjusting the optical magnification of the lens to the maximum, and finely adjusting the horizontal CCD camera and the vertical CCD camera to enable the position of the tool nose of the tool to be in the center position of the CCD image; acquiring projected images of relative spatial positions of the tool and the workpiece in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction respectively through a horizontal CCD camera and a vertical CCD camera;
processing images acquired by a horizontal CCD camera and a vertical CCD camera by adopting an image processing tool, and extracting edge outlines of the cutter and the workpiece to obtain position coordinates of the cutter tip and the workpiece rotation center in a pixel coordinate system;
measuring a difference value between the tool nose and the tool rotation center in the Y-axis direction of a pixel coordinate system through an image processing tool, multiplying the difference value by the pixel size to obtain a position deviation delta Y between the tool nose and the workpiece rotation center in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, measuring a difference value between the tool nose and the workpiece end in the Z-axis direction of the pixel coordinate system, and multiplying the difference value by the pixel size to obtain a position deviation delta Z between the tool nose and the workpiece end in the Z-axis direction of the machine tool;
inputting the delta y and the delta z into an upper computer human-computer interaction interface to perform tool setting compensation on the tool relative to the workpiece;
the processing monitoring method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, in the machining process, after a cutter is contacted with a workpiece, an acquisition card of a dynamometer starts to acquire cutting force signals in the direction of X, Y, Z, and analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through an AD converter and signal amplification is carried out through a signal amplifier; the acceleration sensor collects vibration signals, and the vibration signals are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion through the AD converter and signal amplification through the signal amplifier; the horizontal CCD camera and the vertical CCD camera respectively acquire cutting forms in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and vibration images of the cutter in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
secondly, transmitting the signals acquired by the acquisition module into a signal processing module, and processing the cutting force signals and the vibration signals by the signal processing module to obtain effective signal components for machine learning; meanwhile, the signal processing module processes the CCD image to obtain the shape profile of the cutting chip and the vibration amplitude of the cutter;
transmitting the signals processed by the signal processing module into a signal analysis and decision module, wherein the signal analysis and decision module comprises an analysis unit and a decision unit, and the analysis unit trains the transmitted cutting force signals, vibration signals, chip contour signals in the CCD images and cutter amplitude signals in a machine learning mode to predict a processing result; and the prediction result of the analysis unit is transmitted into the decision unit, and the decision unit corrects the machining parameters by comparing the magnitude relation between the prediction value and the expected value of the machining result and combining with the expert system and transmits the corrected machining parameters to the control system of the machine tool so as to correct the machining quality of the workpiece in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention integrates the non-contact tool setting module and the processing process monitoring module on the ultra-precise turning machine tool, realizes the precise tool setting before processing and the accurate monitoring of the processing process, and greatly improves the processing efficiency and the processing quality.
(2) According to the invention, the tool setting operation is carried out by adopting the high-resolution double CCD, and the position error of the tool and the workpiece is solved by combining the image processing tool and the CCD pixel size information, so that the non-contact tool setting precision is improved, the tool wear is reduced, and the processing precision is improved.
(3) The device is provided with the dynamometer and the acceleration sensor, can acquire cutting force signals and cutter vibration signals in the machining process in real time, and can comprehensively and effectively monitor the machining process.
(4) A signal analysis and decision module of the processing monitoring system adopts a machine learning mode to effectively predict processing results including contour precision, surface roughness, tool abrasion, surface residual stress and the like according to cutting force signals, vibration signals, tool amplitude and chip form image signals collected in the processing process, and can correct processing parameters in real time according to the prediction results so as to improve the processing quality of workpieces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an ultra-precision turning tool setting and machining monitoring device for a micro component in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of a tool and workpiece clamping device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an ultra-precision turning tool setting and machining monitoring device for a micro component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a monitoring control system for the ultra-precision lathe machining in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of CCD imaging in both horizontal and vertical directions in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a display interface design diagram of an industrial personal computer in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a machine tool monitoring system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-flange plate, 2-workpiece axis C, 3-workpiece, 4-rotary type air pressure collet chuck, 5-elastic collet chuck, 6-cutter, 7-cutter fixing frame, 8-dynamometer, 9-cutter holder, 10-coarse adjusting knob of cutter holder, 11-transition disc, 12-hydraulic rotary table B axis, 13-acceleration sensor, 14-vertical CCD camera, 15 horizontal CCD camera, 16-vertical CCD quick-changing device, 17-protective cover, 18-adapter plate, 19-Y axis baffle plate, 20-Y axis movement carriage, 21-X axis movement carriage, 22-installation base of horizontal CCD, 23-organ base, 24-Z axis movement carriage, 25-Z axis first organ protective cover, 26-Z axis second organ protective cover, 27-X axis first organ protective cover and 28-X axis second organ protective cover.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like in the embodiments indicate terms of orientation, and are used only for simplifying the positional relationship based on the drawings of the specification, and do not represent that the elements, devices, and the like which are referred to must operate according to the specific orientation and the defined operation and method, configuration in the specification, and such terms of orientation do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and "third" mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The first specific embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides an ultra-precision turning machine tool for a micro conical revolving body member, which comprises a machine tool main body, a tool setting and processing monitoring device and a processing monitoring control system, wherein the machine tool main body comprises a base 23, an X-axis linear unit, a Y-axis linear unit, a Z-axis linear unit, a workpiece axis C-axis 2, a hydraulic rotary table B-axis 12 and a tool set;
the upper surface at base 23 is all installed to X axle straight line unit and Y axle straight line unit, X axle straight line unit includes: x axle linear electric motor and X axle motion planker 21, X axle linear electric motor drive X axle motion planker 21 moves along X axle direction, and X axle direction is a horizontal direction, Y axle linear unit installs in X axle linear unit's top, can realize the linear motion of Y axle linear unit along X axle direction through the drive of X axle linear unit, Y axle linear unit includes: the Y-axis linear motor drives the Y-axis motion carriage 20 to move along the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction is a vertical direction; the workpiece shaft C shaft 2 is arranged on the Y-axis motion carriage 20, and the linear motion of the workpiece shaft C shaft 2 along the Y-axis direction can be realized through the driving of the Y-axis linear unit; a C-axis rotating motor for driving the workpiece shaft C shaft 2 to rotate is arranged in the Y-axis linear unit, a rotary type air pressure collet chuck 4 is arranged on the workpiece shaft C shaft 2, one end of a workpiece 3 is arranged in the rotary type air pressure collet chuck 4 through an elastic collet chuck 5, the other end of the workpiece 3 is a processing end, and the contact area of the elastic collet chuck 5 and the workpiece 3 is matched with the shape of the workpiece 3;
z axle straight line unit install on X axle straight line unit and with 2 homonymies of work piece axle C axle, Z axle straight line unit includes: the Z-axis linear motor and the Z-axis motion carriage 24 are arranged in the same plane, the Z-axis linear motor drives the Z-axis motion carriage 24 to move along the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction; the upper surface of the Z-axis motion carriage 24 is provided with a hydraulic rotary table B-axis 12, and the linear motion of the hydraulic rotary table B-axis 12 along the Z-axis direction is realized by the driving of a Z-axis linear unit, a B-axis rotating motor for driving the hydraulic rotary table B-axis 12 to rotate is arranged in the Z-axis linear unit, and the upper surface of the hydraulic rotary table B-axis 12 is provided with a transition disc 11;
the cutter group is arranged on the upper surface of the transition disc 11; the cutter group comprises a cutter 6, a cutter fixing frame 7, a cutter rest 9, a laser displacement sensor and piezoelectric ceramics, the bottom end of the cutter rest 9 is installed on the upper surface of the transition disc 11, and the laser displacement sensor and the piezoelectric ceramics are installed inside the cutter rest 9;
tool setting and processing monitoring device includes: the device comprises a vertical high-resolution CCD camera set, a horizontal high-resolution CCD camera set, a dynamometer 8 and an acceleration sensor 13, wherein the horizontal high-resolution CCD camera set is installed on the upper surface of a transition disc 11, and the vertical high-resolution CCD camera set is installed on a Y-axis motion carriage 20; the force measuring instrument 8 is arranged at the edge of the cutter rest 9, the cutter fixing frame 7 is arranged at the edge of the force measuring instrument 8, the cutter 6 is fixed by the cutter fixing frame 7, the cutter fixing frame 7 is provided with a damping groove, and the acceleration sensor 13 is arranged on the side wall of the cutter rest 9;
the vertical high-resolution CCD camera group includes: the device comprises a vertical CCD camera 14 and a vertical CCD quick-change device 16, wherein the vertical CCD quick-change device 16 is arranged on a Y-axis motion carriage 20, and the vertical CCD camera 14 is arranged at the front end of the vertical CCD quick-change device 16;
the horizontal high-resolution CCD camera group comprises: the device comprises a horizontal CCD camera 15 and a horizontal CCD mounting base 22, wherein the horizontal CCD mounting base 22 is mounted on the upper surface of the transition disc 11, and the horizontal CCD camera 15 is mounted at the upper end of the horizontal CCD mounting base 22;
the processing monitoring control system includes: the system comprises a multi-axis controller, an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, a Z-axis driver, a C-axis driver, a B-axis driver, an upper computer processor and an upper computer human-computer interaction interface;
sending a control instruction to a multi-axis controller through the upper computer human-computer interaction interface, wherein the multi-axis controller correspondingly controls an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, a Z-axis driver, a C-axis driver and a B-axis driver according to the control instruction, and each driver correspondingly controls each axis motor respectively, so that the control of each corresponding platform is realized; the cutting force signal, the vibration signal and the CCD image signal are collected through the sensor, and the collected signals are processed through the upper computer processor and then transmitted to a machine tool control program of the multi-axis controller to control the machine tool.
The upper computer processor comprises a signal processing module and a signal analysis and decision module, and the signal processing module is used for processing the collected cutting force signal, the vibration signal and the CCD image signal; and the signal analysis and decision module is used for predicting the machining result, optimizing the machining parameters and transmitting the optimized parameters back to a control program of the machine tool.
In this embodiment, the working air pressure of the rotary air pressure collet 4 is 3 to 8kg/cm 2 The maximum grip diameter is 26mm.
The workpiece 3 in this embodiment is a quasi-cylindrical workpiece; the micro-structure is a micro-structure with the radius of 5mm and the whole length of 12 mm; in order to be able to clamp the workpiece 3, the contact area of the collet 5 is shaped in the form of a slight circular arc adapted to the workpiece.
In the machine tool of the embodiment, the height of the tool 6 in the Y-axis direction can be roughly adjusted by the rough adjusting knob 10 of the tool rest 9, and the rough adjusting knob 10 drives the tool rest 9 to rotate by lifting bolts in the tool rest 9 so as to realize the movement of the tool rest in the Y-axis direction. Submicron fine adjustment of the height of the cutter 6 in the Y-axis direction can be performed through a laser displacement sensor and piezoelectric ceramics, specifically, expansion of the piezoelectric ceramics in different degrees is realized by increasing the voltage at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramics, and the position fine adjustment of the cutter in the Y-axis direction is realized by the piezoelectric ceramics through lifting a cover plate below a dynamometer by contact force; the laser displacement sensor is used for measuring the lifting distance of the cover plate below the dynamometer, and when the lifting distance reaches a required displacement value, the voltage at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic stops being continuously increased.
The dynamometer 8 is connected with the cutter saddle 9 through a screw, and the cutter fixing frame 7 is connected with the dynamometer 8 through a screw.
In this embodiment, the X-axis linear unit further includes an X-axis first organ protection cover 27 and an X-axis second organ protection cover 28, where the X-axis first organ protection cover 27 and the X-axis second organ protection cover 28 are relatively disposed on two sides of the X-axis movement carriage 21; the Y-axis linear unit further comprises a Y-axis baffle 19 and a protective cover 17, the Y-axis baffle 19 is installed on two opposite sides of the extending direction of the Y-axis linear unit, and the protective cover 17 is installed at the top end of the Y-axis linear unit; the Z-axis linear unit further comprises a Z-axis first organ protection cover 25 and a Z-axis second organ protection cover 26, and the Z-axis first organ protection cover 25 and the Z-axis second organ protection cover 26 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the Z-axis movement carriage 24; the vertical high-resolution CCD camera set also comprises an adapter plate 18, and a vertical CCD quick-change device 16 is arranged on a Y-axis motion carriage 20 through the adapter plate 18; the rotary type pneumatic collet 4 is mounted on the work axis C-axis 2 through the flange 1.
The second specific embodiment: the resolutions of the horizontal CCD camera 15 and the vertical CCD camera 14 are 5120H multiplied by 5120V, the sizes of the camera sensors are 12.8mm multiplied by 12.8mm, and the pixel sizes are 2.5 mu m multiplied by 2.5 mu m; the magnification of the camera lens is 2 times.
In the embodiment, the two high-resolution CCD cameras are large constant cameras with the model number of ME2P-2621-15U3M/C; the camera lens is a lens of model LM1138TC manufactured by KOWA corporation of japan.
The third concrete implementation scheme is as follows: the CCD camera and the lens are subjected to type selection according to the processing requirement, and the calculation method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003587361220000071
Figure BDA0003587361220000072
after the required measurement accuracy of the CCD camera is determined, the type of the lens can be selected by combining the required view field size, the sensor size of the camera and the working distance of the camera;
selecting a proper display magnification according to the processing and observation requirements, wherein the specific calculation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003587361220000073
display magnification = optical magnification × electronic magnification (4).
In this embodiment, the camera sensor has a size of 12.8mm × 12.8mm, and the optical magnification of the lens is 2, so that the size of the field of view can be determined to be 6.4mm × 6.4mm. The resolution of the CCD camera is 5120 × 5120, and the measurement accuracy of the CCD can be obtained by substituting the field size and the camera resolution into formula (2) to obtain the resolution of the CCD of 1.25 μm. The measurement accuracy is often required to be less than half of the transition fillet radius, and the transition fillet radius in the present embodiment is 4 μm, that is, the measurement accuracy is less than 2 μm, so the CCD camera of the present embodiment conforms to the measurement accuracy.
In this embodiment, a 19-inch industrial display is used, and the CCD target surface is square, so that the diagonal dimension of the CCD target surface is
Figure BDA0003587361220000081
Substituting the formula (4) to obtain the electron magnification factor of about 26.7; since the optical magnification of the lens is 2, the display magnification is about 53.4./>
The fourth specific embodiment: the upper computer human-computer interaction interface is provided with a display area 1 for displaying processing technological parameters adopted in the processing process and the motion state of each linear shaft; the display area 2 is arranged for displaying real-time video images acquired by the horizontal CCD camera 15 in the turning process and monitoring the cutting form and the vibration amplitude of the cutter 6 in the Y direction in the machining process; the display area 3 is arranged for displaying real-time video images acquired by the vertical CCD camera 14 in the turning process and monitoring the cutting form and the vibration amplitude of the cutter 6 in the Z direction in the machining process; and a display area 4 for displaying real-time cutting force signals and vibration signals acquired by the dynamometer 8 and the acceleration sensor 13 respectively in the turning process.
The control interface of the embodiment is simultaneously provided with 4 display areas for respectively displaying the current motion states of each linear shaft and each revolving shaft of the machine tool, real-time video images collected by the horizontal CCD, real-time video images collected by the vertical CCD and measurement signals collected by each sensor, so that a machine tool operator can conveniently observe the current machining state.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: an ultra-precision turning tool setting and processing monitoring method for a micro conical rotary body component comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, measuring and adjusting the verticality between a tool 6 and a rotating shaft of a workpiece 3, so that the deviation angle between the tool and the rotating shaft relative to the standard verticality is less than 5';
step two, respectively carrying out flat field correction on the horizontal CCD camera 15 and the vertical CCD camera 14 to ensure that white parts in images of the CCD cameras are uniform and the colors are restored smoothly;
thirdly, controlling a Y-axis linear motor to be combined with a coarse adjustment knob 10 of a tool rest to adjust the distance between the tool 6 and the rotation center of the workpiece 3 in the vertical direction, so that the distance between the tool 6 and the rotation center of the workpiece 3 in the vertical direction is smaller than 3mm, and controlling an X-axis linear motor to ensure that the distance between the tool tip and the surface of the workpiece 3 in the horizontal direction is smaller than 3mm; coarse adjustment of the position of the tool 6 relative to the workpiece 3 is accomplished;
step four, adopting an increment mode of a Y axis to adjust the micro displacement of the workpiece 3 in the Y axis direction, so that the rotation center of the workpiece 3 and the tool nose of the tool 6 are in the same horizontal plane as much as possible; adopting a Z-axis increment mode to carry out micro-displacement adjustment on the workpiece 3 in the Z-axis direction, so that the end part of the workpiece 3 and the tool nose are positioned in the same plane vertical to the Z axis as much as possible;
fifthly, adjusting the optical magnification of the lens to the maximum, and finely adjusting the horizontal CCD camera 15 and the vertical CCD camera 14 to enable the position of the tool nose of the tool 6 to be in the center position of the CCD image; acquiring projected images of the relative spatial positions of the tool 6 and the workpiece 3 in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction respectively through a horizontal CCD camera 15 and a vertical CCD camera 14;
processing the images acquired by the horizontal CCD camera 15 and the vertical CCD camera 14 by adopting an image processing tool, and extracting the edge outlines of the cutter 6 and the workpiece 3 to obtain the position coordinates of the cutter tip and the rotation center of the workpiece 3 in a pixel coordinate system;
measuring the difference value of the tool nose and the rotation center of the tool 3 in the Y-axis direction in a pixel coordinate system through an image processing tool, multiplying the difference value by the pixel size to obtain the position deviation delta Y of the tool nose and the rotation center of the workpiece 3 in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, measuring the difference value of the tool nose and the end of the workpiece 3 in the Z-axis direction in the pixel coordinate system, and multiplying the difference value by the pixel size to obtain the position deviation delta Z of the tool nose and the end of the workpiece 3 in the Z-axis direction of the machine tool;
step eight, inputting the delta y and the delta z into a man-machine interaction interface of the upper computer to perform tool setting compensation on the tool 6 relative to the workpiece 3;
the processing monitoring method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, in the machining process, after a cutter 6 is contacted with a workpiece 3, an acquisition card of a force measuring instrument 8 starts to acquire cutting force signals in the direction X, Y, Z, and analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through an AD converter and signal amplification is carried out through a signal amplifier; the acceleration sensor 13 collects vibration signals, and the vibration signals are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion through an AD converter and signal amplification through a signal amplifier; the horizontal CCD camera 15 and the vertical CCD camera 14 respectively collect cutting forms in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and vibration images of the cutter 6 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
secondly, transmitting the signals acquired by the acquisition module into a signal processing module, and processing the cutting force signals and the vibration signals by the signal processing module to obtain effective signal components for machine learning; meanwhile, the signal processing module processes the CCD image to obtain the shape profile of the cutting chip and the vibration amplitude of the cutter;
transmitting the signals processed by the signal processing module into a signal analysis and decision module, wherein the signal analysis and decision module comprises an analysis unit and a decision unit, and the analysis unit trains the transmitted cutting force signals, vibration signals, chip contour signals in the CCD images and cutter amplitude signals in a machine learning mode to predict a processing result; and the prediction result of the analysis unit is transmitted into a decision unit, and the decision unit corrects the machining parameters by comparing the magnitude relation between the prediction value and the expected value of the machining result and combining an expert system and transmits the corrected machining parameters to a control system of the machine tool so as to correct the machining quality of the workpiece in real time.
In the first step of the tool setting method in the embodiment, the verticality between the tool and the workpiece rotating shaft is measured and adjusted by using an electrical micrometer and a granite standard block.
In the embodiment, the machine tool control system comprises an increment mode and a normal mode, wherein the increment mode and the normal mode are both motion modes of the linear motor, and the motion distance needs to be manually controlled in the normal mode; in the increment mode, a single increment distance needs to be preset, and the increment times are manually controlled. In the machining process, the positions of the tool 6 and the workpiece 3 are roughly adjusted in a normal mode, and the positions of the tool 6 and the workpiece 3 are finely adjusted in an incremental mode.
In the first step of the machining monitoring method of the embodiment, turning parameters, specifically, parameters such as the rotation speed of the C shaft 2 of the workpiece shaft, the moving distance and moving speed of the X, Y, Z linear shaft, the rotation speed of the B shaft 12 of the hydraulic rotary table, and the like are input into a display window, and a control program of the machine tool is started, namely, the machine tool operates according to a set motion program.
The sixth specific embodiment: in the third step of the tool setting method, the frame rate can be improved by self-defining the ROI and reducing the resolution of the CCD in the coarse adjustment process.
The seventh specific embodiment: and the processing process of the image in the sixth step of the tool setting method specifically comprises the steps of carrying out Kalman filtering noise reduction processing and local binarization processing on the image to extract the edge profiles of the tool and the workpiece, and fitting the extracted edge profile data of the tool and the workpiece by a least square method.
The specific embodiment eight: in the second step of the machining monitoring method, the signal processing module performs null shift compensation, leveling, filtering, fourier transform and empirical mode decomposition on the collected cutting force signals and vibration signals to obtain effective signal components for machine learning.
The specific embodiment is nine: in the second step of the processing monitoring method, the signal processing module carries out filtering noise reduction, fourier transform, wavelet transform and local binarization processing on the collected CCD image to obtain the form profile of the cutting chip and the vibration amplitude of the cutter.
The specific embodiment ten: in the third step of the machining monitoring method, the analysis unit predicts the machining result, including the profile accuracy, the surface roughness, the surface residual stress and the tool wear state.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. An ultra-precision turning machine tool for a micro conical rotary body component is characterized by comprising a machine tool main body, a tool setting and processing monitoring device and a processing monitoring control system, wherein the machine tool main body comprises a base (23), an X-axis linear unit, a Y-axis linear unit, a Z-axis linear unit, a workpiece shaft C shaft (2), a hydraulic rotary table B shaft (12) and a cutter set;
the upper surface at base (23) is all installed to X axle straight line unit and Y axle straight line unit, X axle straight line unit includes: x axle linear electric motor and X axle motion planker (21), X axle linear electric motor drive X axle motion planker (21) are along X axle direction motion, and the X axle direction is a horizontal direction, Y axle linear unit installs in the top of X axle linear unit, can realize the linear motion of Y axle linear unit along X axle direction through the drive of X axle linear unit, Y axle linear unit includes: the Y-axis linear motor drives the Y-axis motion carriage (20) to move along the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction is vertical; the workpiece shaft C shaft (2) is arranged on the Y-axis motion carriage (20), and the linear motion of the workpiece shaft C shaft (2) along the Y-axis direction can be realized through the driving of the Y-axis linear unit; a C-axis rotating motor for driving a workpiece shaft C shaft (2) to rotate is mounted in the Y-axis linear unit, a rotary type air pressure collet chuck (4) is mounted on the workpiece shaft C shaft (2), one end of a workpiece (3) is mounted in the rotary type air pressure collet chuck (4) through an elastic collet (5), the other end of the workpiece (3) is a processing end, and the contact area of the elastic collet (5) and the workpiece (3) is matched with the shape of the workpiece (3);
z axle straight line unit install in X axle straight line unit on and with work piece axle C axle (2) homonymy, Z axle straight line unit includes: the Z-axis linear motor drives the Z-axis movement carriage (24) to move along the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction; a hydraulic rotary table B shaft (12) is mounted on the upper surface of the Z-axis moving carriage (24), linear movement of the hydraulic rotary table B shaft (12) along the Z-axis direction is achieved through driving of a Z-axis linear unit, a B-axis rotating motor for driving the hydraulic rotary table B shaft (12) to rotate is mounted inside the Z-axis linear unit, and a transition disc (11) is mounted on the upper surface of the hydraulic rotary table B shaft (12);
the cutter group is arranged on the upper surface of the transition disc (11); the cutting tool set comprises a cutting tool (6), a cutting tool fixing frame (7), a cutting tool rest (9), a laser displacement sensor and piezoelectric ceramics, wherein the bottom end of the cutting tool rest (9) is installed on the upper surface of the transition disc (11), and the laser displacement sensor and the piezoelectric ceramics are installed inside the cutting tool rest (9);
tool setting and processing monitoring device includes: the device comprises a vertical high-resolution CCD camera set, a horizontal high-resolution CCD camera set, a dynamometer (8) and an acceleration sensor (13), wherein the horizontal high-resolution CCD camera set is installed on the upper surface of a transition disc (11), and the vertical high-resolution CCD camera set is installed on a Y-axis motion carriage (20); the force measuring instrument (8) is installed at the edge of the cutter rest (9), the cutter fixing frame (7) is installed at the edge of the force measuring instrument (8), the cutter (6) is fixed by the cutter fixing frame (7), the cutter fixing frame (7) is provided with a damping groove, and the acceleration sensor (13) is installed on the side wall of the cutter rest (9);
the vertical high-resolution CCD camera group includes: the device comprises a vertical CCD camera (14) and a vertical CCD quick-change device (16), wherein the vertical CCD quick-change device (16) is installed on a Y-axis motion carriage (20), and the vertical CCD camera (14) is installed at the front end of the vertical CCD quick-change device (16);
the horizontal high-resolution CCD camera group comprises: the device comprises a horizontal CCD camera (15) and a horizontal CCD mounting base (22), wherein the horizontal CCD mounting base (22) is mounted on the upper surface of a transition disc (11), and the horizontal CCD camera (15) is mounted at the upper end of the horizontal CCD mounting base (22);
the processing monitoring control system includes: the system comprises a multi-axis controller, an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, a Z-axis driver, a C-axis driver, a B-axis driver, an upper computer processor and an upper computer human-computer interaction interface;
sending a control instruction to a multi-axis controller through the upper computer human-computer interaction interface, wherein the multi-axis controller correspondingly controls an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, a Z-axis driver, a C-axis driver and a B-axis driver according to the control instruction, and each driver correspondingly controls each axis motor respectively, so that the control of each corresponding platform is realized; the cutting force signal, the vibration signal and the CCD image signal are collected through a sensor, and the collected signals are respectively processed through an upper computer processor and then transmitted to a machine tool control program of a multi-axis controller to control a machine tool;
the upper computer processor comprises a signal processing module and a signal analysis and decision module, and the signal processing module is used for processing the collected cutting force signal, the vibration signal and the CCD image signal; and the signal analysis and decision module is used for predicting the machining result, optimizing the machining parameters and transmitting the optimized parameters back to a control program of the machine tool.
2. The ultra-precision turning machine tool for the micro conical rotary body component is characterized in that the resolution of the horizontal CCD camera (15) and the vertical CCD camera (14) are 5120H x 5120V, the camera sensor size is 12.8mm x 12.8mm, and the pixel size is 2.5 μm x 2.5 μm; the magnification of the camera lens is 2 times.
3. The ultra-precise turning machine tool for the micro conical rotary body component according to claim 2 is characterized in that the CCD camera and the lens are selected according to the processing requirement, and the calculation method specifically comprises the following steps:
Figure QLYQS_1
（1）
Figure QLYQS_2
（2）
after the required measurement accuracy of the CCD camera is determined, the type of the lens can be selected by combining the required field size, the sensor size of the camera and the working distance of the camera;
selecting a proper display magnification according to the processing and observation requirements, wherein the specific calculation process comprises the following steps:
Figure QLYQS_3
（3）
Figure QLYQS_4
（4）。
4. the ultra-precision turning machine tool for the micro conical rotary body component according to claim 3, wherein the upper computer human-computer interaction interface is provided with a display area 1 for displaying processing technological parameters adopted in a processing process and motion states of all linear axes; a display area 2 is arranged for displaying real-time video images acquired by a horizontal CCD camera (15) in the turning process and monitoring the cutting form and the vibration amplitude of the cutter (6) in the Y direction in the machining process; the display area 3 is arranged for displaying real-time video images acquired by a vertical CCD camera (14) in the turning process and monitoring the shape of chips in the machining process and the vibration amplitude of the cutter (6) in the Z direction; and the display area 4 is used for displaying real-time cutting force signals and vibration signals acquired by the dynamometer (8) and the acceleration sensor (13) respectively in the turning process.
5. An ultra-precise turning tool setting and processing monitoring method for the ultra-precise turning machine tool for the micro conical rotary body component, which is characterized in that the tool setting method for the ultra-precise turning of the micro conical rotary body component comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, measuring and adjusting the verticality between a tool (6) and a rotating shaft of a workpiece (3) to enable the deviation angle between the tool and the rotating shaft relative to the standard verticality to be less than 5';
step two, respectively carrying out flat field correction on the horizontal CCD camera (15) and the vertical CCD camera (14) to ensure that the white part in the image of the CCD camera is uniform and the color is restored smoothly;
thirdly, controlling a Y-axis linear motor to be combined with a coarse adjustment knob (10) of a tool rest to adjust the distance between the tool (6) and the rotation center of the workpiece (3) in the vertical direction, so that the distance between the tool (6) and the rotation center of the workpiece (3) in the vertical direction is smaller than 3mm, and controlling an X-axis linear motor to make the distance between the tool tip and the surface of the workpiece (3) in the horizontal direction smaller than 3mm; the coarse adjustment of the position of the cutter (6) relative to the workpiece (3) is completed;
step four, adopting an increment mode of a Y axis to adjust the micro displacement of the workpiece (3) in the Y axis direction, so that the rotation center of the workpiece (3) and the tool tip of the tool (6) are in the same horizontal plane as much as possible; adopting a Z-axis increment mode to carry out micro-displacement adjustment on the workpiece (3) in the Z-axis direction, so that the end part of the workpiece (3) and the tool nose are positioned in the same plane vertical to the Z axis as much as possible;
fifthly, adjusting the optical magnification of the lens to the maximum, and finely adjusting the horizontal CCD camera (15) and the vertical CCD camera (14) to enable the position of the tool nose of the tool (6) to be in the center position of the CCD image; projected images of the relative spatial positions of the cutter (6) and the workpiece (3) in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are respectively acquired through a horizontal CCD camera (15) and a vertical CCD camera (14);
processing images acquired by a horizontal CCD camera (15) and a vertical CCD camera (14) by adopting an image processing tool, extracting edge outlines of the cutter (6) and the workpiece (3) to obtain position coordinates of the cutter tip and the rotation center of the workpiece (3) in a pixel coordinate system;
measuring the difference value of the tool nose and the rotation center of the workpiece (3) in the Y-axis direction of the pixel coordinate system through an image processing tool, multiplying the difference value by the pixel size to obtain the position deviation delta Y of the tool nose and the rotation center of the workpiece (3) in the Y-axis direction of the machine tool, measuring the difference value of the tool nose and the end of the workpiece (3) in the Z-axis direction of the pixel coordinate system, and multiplying the difference value by the pixel size to obtain the position deviation delta Z of the tool nose and the end of the workpiece (3) in the Z-axis direction of the machine tool;
step eight, inputting the delta y and the delta z into an upper computer human-computer interaction interface to perform tool setting compensation on the tool (6) relative to the workpiece (3);
the method for monitoring the ultra-precision turning of the micro conical rotary body component comprises the following specific steps:
step one, in the machining process, after a cutter (6) is in contact with a workpiece (3), an acquisition card of a dynamometer (8) starts to acquire cutting force signals in the direction of X, Y, Z, and analog-to-digital conversion is carried out through an AD converter and signal amplification is carried out through a signal amplifier; the acceleration sensor (13) collects vibration signals, and the vibration signals are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion through the AD converter and signal amplification through the signal amplifier; the horizontal CCD camera (15) and the vertical CCD camera (14) are used for respectively acquiring cutting forms in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and vibration images of the cutter (6) in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction;
secondly, transmitting the signals acquired by the acquisition module into a signal processing module, and processing the cutting force signals and the vibration signals by the signal processing module to obtain effective signal components for machine learning; meanwhile, the signal processing module processes the CCD image to obtain the shape profile of the cutting chip and the vibration amplitude of the cutter;
transmitting the signals processed by the signal processing module into a signal analysis and decision module, wherein the signal analysis and decision module comprises an analysis unit and a decision unit, and the analysis unit trains the transmitted cutting force signals, vibration signals, chip contour signals in the CCD images and cutter amplitude signals in a machine learning mode to predict a processing result; and the prediction result of the analysis unit is transmitted into a decision unit, and the decision unit corrects the machining parameters by comparing the magnitude relation between the prediction value and the expected value of the machining result and combining an expert system and transmits the corrected machining parameters to a control system of the machine tool so as to correct the machining quality of the workpiece in real time.
6. The ultra-precision turning tool setting and processing monitoring method for the micro conical rotary body component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the frame rate can be increased by customizing ROI and reducing CCD resolution in the course of coarse adjustment in the third step of the tool setting method.
7. The ultra-precise turning tool setting and processing monitoring method for the micro conical rotary body component according to claim 6, characterized in that in the sixth step of the tool setting method, the processing of the image is specifically to perform kalman filtering noise reduction processing and local binarization processing on the image to extract the edge profile of the tool and the workpiece, and the extracted edge profile data of the tool and the workpiece is fitted by a least square method.
8. The tool setting and monitoring method for ultra-precise turning of a micro conical rotary body component according to claim 7, wherein in the second step of the monitoring method, the signal processing module performs null shift compensation, leveling, filtering, fourier transform and empirical mode decomposition on the collected cutting force signal and vibration signal to obtain effective signal components for machine learning.
9. The tool setting and monitoring method for ultra-precise turning of the micro conical rotary body component according to claim 8 is characterized in that in the second step of the monitoring method, the signal processing module performs filtering noise reduction, fourier transform, wavelet transform and local binarization processing on the acquired CCD image to obtain the form profile of the chip and the vibration amplitude of the tool.
10. The tool setting and machining monitoring method for ultra-precise turning of the micro conical rotary body component according to claim 9, wherein in the third step of the machining monitoring method, the analysis unit predicts the machining result, including the profile accuracy, the surface roughness, the surface residual stress and the tool wear state.
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