CN102699359B - Tool setting device and method for micro lathe - Google Patents
Tool setting device and method for micro lathe Download PDFInfo
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- CN102699359B CN102699359B CN201210176834.9A CN201210176834A CN102699359B CN 102699359 B CN102699359 B CN 102699359B CN 201210176834 A CN201210176834 A CN 201210176834A CN 102699359 B CN102699359 B CN 102699359B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tool setting device and a tool setting method for a micro lathe and belongs the technical field of mechanical automation. The device comprises a machine tool clamp plate, a tool rest, a tool, a guide rail, a first charge coupled device (CCD), a reflector, a first light source, a second CCD, a second light source and an outer computer. The method comprises the following steps of: calibrating pixels in the horizontal direction and pixels in the vertical direction respectively, and transmitting images containing actual distance information to the outer computer; monitoring and adjusting the tool to ensure that the tool approaches an end surface of a workpiece; displaying the distance between a tool nose and the rotary center of the end surface of the workpiece by a technology and software; manually adjusting the distance between the workpiece and the tool according to the obtained distances in the three directions, or controlling the relative motion of the tool and the workpiece by outputting corresponding signals through the computer so as to realize high-precision tool setting of the micro lathe. According to the device and the method, an image measurement technology is adopted, so that tool setting gaps can be automatically detected and can be measured in real time; and therefore, the tool setting difficulty is reduced, and the machining process can be well monitored.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical automation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of small lathe presetting cutter method.
Background technology
In the process of high accuracy processing, tool setting precision directly affects the face shape machining accuracy of workpiece.Because workpiece size at present to be processed is more and more less, tool setting precision to lathe is more and more higher, in prior art, conventional processing mode mainly contains engine lathe and numerically controlled lathe, and in these two kinds of modes, conventional presetting cutter method has trial cut method and tool auto-checking instrument tool setting.In the process of high accuracy processing, if adopt traditional trial cut method, no matter be directions X tool setting or the tool setting of Z direction, after test run, all can there is plastic deformation in workpiece, and test run turning amount is larger, is out of shape larger.While using tool auto-checking instrument tool setting, the precision of its sensor directly affects the precision of tool auto-checking instrument, meet the high-precision requirement of tool setting, and only the cost of sensor is just very high.In reality getable certainty of measurement not exclusively depend on the resolution ratio of supporting digital control system, also relevant with the factor such as geometry, machining accuracy and the assembly quality of machine tool transmission system error, tool setting rod.So, tool auto-checking instrument be reached to high-precision effect, very difficult.
In the process of tool setting, in engine lathe and numerically controlled lathe, only in X and the tool setting of Z direction, when Y-direction is leaned on mounting cutter, the height of manual adjustments point of a knife, ensures the requirement of Y-direction.In the time of mounting cutter, make tool feeding direction through the workpiece centre of gyration as far as possible.Try workpiece end face to carry out turning, whether smoothly observe end face.If end face has obvious projection, the height that need to adjust cutter is the position of cutter in Y-direction.And in the high-accuracy process adding, there is following problem: first, whether be smoothly difficult to by visually observing end face after turning, determine the regulated quantity of cutter.Secondly, whether smoothly use magnifying glass can observe by face work, but manual adjustments is difficult to ensure very little cutter regulated quantity.Finally, owing to there is plastic deformation, be only difficult to determine with whether end face is smooth whether point of a knife direction of feed passes through the centre of gyration.
In small lathe system of processing, point of a knife direction of feed is cutter place directions X, must be through the centre of gyration of workpiece.Otherwise cutter can be inconsistent along the directions X amount of feeding and workpiece radius actual cut amount, will be difficult to ensure the form accuracy of miniature workpiece.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of small lathe presetting cutter method.The present invention does not carry out turning to workpiece, does not need point of a knife to contact with the actual of workpiece, by image processing techniques, ensures that the requirement of all directions is the tool setting of all directions in small lathe.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention adopts is as follows:
Small lathe presetting cutter method, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1: small lathe tool setting device comprises: machine chuck, knife rest, cutter and guide rail, this device also comprises: a CCD camera, speculum, the first light source, the 2nd CCD camera, secondary light source and outer computer; Workpiece to be processed is installed on machine chuck, and cutter is fixed on knife rest; Outer computer control machine chuck and knife rest carry out relative motion along guide rail; Speculum be positioned at workpiece end face to be processed under, the light that the first light source is launched reflexes in a CCD camera via speculum; The light that secondary light source is launched impinges upon the end face of workpiece to be processed, is received after reflection by the 2nd CCD camera; The one CCD camera and the 2nd CCD collected by camera to image transmitting to outer computer; The one CCD camera is obtained to the level of image and the pixel of vertical direction and the 2nd CCD camera obtains the level of image and the pixel of vertical direction is all demarcated, two CCD collected by cameras to the Image Real-time Transmission with horizontal and vertical direction actual range to outer computer;
Step 2: monitor and regulate cutter by outer computer, make it near workpiece end face; By the corresponding software of image processing techniques and establishment, on image, can show the distance of point of a knife and the workpiece end face centre of gyration;
Step 3: according to the distance of the point of a knife obtaining and the workpiece end face centre of gyration, the distance between manual adjustments workpiece and cutter or utilize the relative motion of computer export corresponding signal control cutter and workpiece, realizes the high accuracy tool setting of small lathe.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention has realized the high accuracy tool setting on small lathe three dimensions.Do not need contacting of point of a knife and workpiece reality, utilize image measurement technology to realize the automatic detection in tool setting gap, while having avoided trial cut, cutter contacts the error that causes that distortion causes with workpiece, and can realize the real-time measurement in tool setting gap.Wherein, the application of CCD camera, has replaced human eye, has improved the stability of tool setting precision, has reduced the difficulty of tool setting and can better monitor process.The present invention is applicable to the tool setting of the small lathe of any type, and for example tool setting of microminiature longitudinal cutting lathe, is also applicable to engine lathe and numerically controlled lathe.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of the small lathe tool setting device of Fig. 1 the present invention.
Speculum index path in the small lathe tool setting device of Fig. 2 the present invention.
The small lathe presetting cutter method of Fig. 3 the present invention Z-direction gap detection flow chart.
Fig. 4 the present invention small lathe presetting cutter method X and Y-direction gap detection flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further details.
As shown in Figure 1, small lathe tool setting device, this device comprises: machine chuck 1, knife rest 3, cutter 4 and guide rail, this device also comprises: a CCD camera 5, speculum 6, the first light source 7, the 2nd CCD camera 8, secondary light source 9 and outer computer; In lathe, being parallel to workpiece 2 major axes orientations is Z axis, and workpiece level is radially X-axis, and getting cutter is positive direction away from workpiece direction.By the right-hand rule, perpendicular to X-axis and be Y-direction perpendicular to the direction of Z axis.Workpiece 2 to be processed is installed on machine chuck 1, and cutter 4 is fixed on knife rest 3; Outer computer control machine chuck 1 and knife rest 3 carry out relative motion on corresponding guide rail slide unit; Two CCD cameras adopt quadrature arrangement modes, as shown in Figure 2, a CCD camera 5 be positioned at workpiece 2 directly over, arrange along Y-axis, the 2nd CCD camera 8 is right against workpiece end face along Z direction and arranges; Speculum 6 be positioned at workpiece to be processed 2 end faces under, approximately at 45 ° with Z axis angle, the first light source 7 along Z negative direction irradiate, make light pass through speculum 6 and reflect, received by CCD camera 8, adopt back lighting, form image clearly; The light that secondary light source 9 is launched impinges upon after the end face of workpiece to be processed 2, is received by the 2nd CCD camera 8 through reflection; The image transmitting that the one CCD camera 5 and the 2nd CCD camera 8 collect is to outer computer.
Small lathe presetting cutter method, comprises the steps:
Step 1: a CCD camera 5 is obtained to the level of image and the pixel of vertical direction and the 2nd CCD camera 8 obtains the level of image and the pixel of vertical direction is all demarcated, obtain the actual range of a pixel in the representative of horizontal and vertical direction.Two CCD collected by cameras to the Image Real-time Transmission with horizontal and vertical direction actual range to outer computer;
Step 2: monitor and regulate cutter 4 by outer computer, making it near workpiece 2 end faces; In the time seeing that point of a knife occurs, click the Z-direction tool setting on software, as shown in Figure 3, a CCD camera 5 is got a gray-scale pixels in picture centre, adopts region growing mode the profile of workpiece 2 to be followed the tracks of and extracted, the straight line at matching workpiece 2 end face places; Positional information according to workpiece 2 with cutter 4, determines workpiece 2 end face place straight lines; , obtain on cutter apart from the nearest point of workpiece 2 end face place straight line, and calculate its distance Image Segmentation Using by workpiece 2 profiles, show that point of a knife point is the gap width of Z-direction apart from workpiece 2 end faces vertically, can show the distance of point of a knife and workpiece 2 end faces on image; As shown in Figure 4, the 2nd CCD camera 8 is got a high gray-scale pixels in picture centre, adopts region growing mode to carry out zone location to workpiece 2, extracts workpiece 2 profiles, carries out minimum circumscribed circle matching, obtains the centre of gyration and the radius of workpiece 2; Image is carried out the conversion of Sobel gradient and cut apart simultaneously, utilize workpiece 2 locating information, non-cutter pixel is got rid of, obtain cutter 4 coarse positionings, extract knife face straight line, and carry out matching and obtain intersection point, as cutter cusp, thus obtain point of a knife point apart from workpiece centre along Y-direction and X to gap width;
Step 3: according in obtain three directions, i.e. distance in X, Y and Z direction, the distance between manual adjustments workpiece 2 and cutter 4 or utilize the relative motion of computer export corresponding signal control cutter 4 and workpiece 2, realizes the high accuracy tool setting of small lathe.
Claims (2)
1. small lathe presetting cutter method, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
Step 1: small lathe tool setting device comprises: machine chuck (1), knife rest (3), cutter (4) and guide rail, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises: a CCD camera (5), speculum (6), the first light source (7), the 2nd CCD camera (8), secondary light source (9) and outer computer; It is upper that workpiece (2) to be processed is installed on machine chuck (1), and cutter (4) is fixed on knife rest (3); Between outer computer control machine chuck (1) and knife rest (3), carry out relative motion; Speculum (6) be positioned at workpiece to be processed (2) end face under, the light that the first light source (7) is launched reflexes in a CCD camera (5) via speculum (6); The light that secondary light source (9) is launched impinges upon after the end face of workpiece to be processed (2), is received by the 2nd CCD camera (8) through reflection; The image transmitting that the one CCD camera (5) and the 2nd CCD camera (8) collect is to outer computer; The one CCD camera (5) is obtained to the level of image and the pixel of vertical direction and the 2nd CCD camera (8) obtains the level of image and the pixel of vertical direction is all demarcated, two CCD collected by cameras to the Image Real-time Transmission with horizontal and vertical direction actual range to outer computer;
Step 2: monitor and regulate cutter (4) by outer computer, making it near workpiece (2) end face; By the corresponding software of image processing techniques and establishment, on image, can show the distance of point of a knife and workpiece (2) the end face centre of gyration;
Step 3: according to the distance of the point of a knife obtaining and workpiece (2) the end face centre of gyration, distance between manual adjustments workpiece (2) and cutter (4) or utilize the relative motion of computer export corresponding signal control cutter (4) and workpiece (2), realizes the high accuracy tool setting of small lathe.
2. small lathe presetting cutter method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2 comprises following content: a CCD camera (5) is got a gray-scale pixels in picture centre, the profile of workpiece (2) is followed the tracks of and is extracted, the straight line at matching workpiece (2) end face place; Positional information according to workpiece (2) with cutter (4), determines workpiece (2) end face place straight line; , calculate on cutter apart from the nearest point of workpiece (2) end face place straight line Image Segmentation Using by workpiece (2) profile, and obtain its distance and show that point of a knife point is the gap width of Z-direction apart from workpiece (2) end face vertically; The 2nd CCD camera (8) is got a high gray-scale pixels in picture centre, and workpiece (2) is carried out to zone location, extracts workpiece (2) profile, obtains the centre of gyration and the radius of workpiece (2); Image is carried out gradient conversion and cut apart simultaneously, utilize workpiece (2) locating information, non-cutter pixel is got rid of, obtain cutter (4) coarse positioning, extract knife face straight line, and carry out matching and obtain intersection point, as cutter cusp, thus obtain point of a knife point apart from workpiece centre along Y-direction and X to gap width.
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