CN114515600A - 一种金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺催化剂、制备方法及其在合成对羟基苯甲醚中的应用 - Google Patents
一种金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺催化剂、制备方法及其在合成对羟基苯甲醚中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
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- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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Abstract
本发明提供一种杂元素修饰氮化钛‑聚苯胺复合催化剂的制备及其用于气相对苯二酚‑甲醇醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚的方法。该催化剂以不同氮源为原料,选用适宜的金属杂元素修饰,通过化学法合成,比表面积可达200~500m2/g。该催化剂能够在较低温度下高效高选择性地催化对苯二酚单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚,转化率可达~70%,选择性~96%,寿命可达1000h,稳定性良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂领域,具体涉及一种用于合成对羟基苯甲醚的金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
对羟基苯甲醚(4-Methoxyphenol)又名对羟基茴香醚(4-Methoxyanisole)、氢醌单甲基醚(4-methylhydroquinone),是一类重要的有机化工中间体,广泛用于医药、农药、香料等领域,可用于乙烯类高聚物单体的阻聚剂,紫外线的抑制剂以及合成食品抗氧化剂。还可作为高分子的阻聚剂、防老剂、增塑剂等,主要用作生产丙烯腈、丙烯酸及其酯、甲基丙烯酸及其酯等烯基单体的阻聚剂,其最大的优点是使用时不需将对羟基苯甲醚除去,能直接参与聚合。
对羟基苯甲醚传统合成方法主要有三种,分别为对氨基苯甲醚羟化法、硫酸二甲酯法以及甲醇法。对氨基苯甲醚羟化法存在对反应设备要求高、操作步骤繁琐、反应步骤长、选择性差、原料成本高和三废多等问题。硫酸二甲酯法以及甲醇法均以对苯二酚为原料,只是甲基化试剂有所不同。其中硫酸二甲酯属于高危、剧毒、高腐蚀性药品,在合成中需要大量的碱中和副产物酸,并且生成单、双醚及无机盐,增加了分离与提纯的难度。
相比之下,甲醇法则需要在高温气相条件下,以液相、强酸或非均相催化剂存在的条件下进行反应,对反应设备要求较高,操作难度大,但甲醇路线本身具有原料毒性、腐蚀性小,且廉价易得的优势,且反应原子利用率高,三废少,从经济及环保角度考虑极具竞争力,因此该工艺的开发势在必行。
CN1274418C公开一种磷酸铝催化剂的制备方法及在制备多羟基苯单烷基醚体系中的应用。该催化剂具有50~100m2/g比表面积,200℃下可催化对苯二酚与甲醇制备对羟基苯甲醚,但反应活性较低,对苯二酚的转化率仅有17%,选择性为96%。US4025566公开的催化体系是基于硼、铝和磷的混合氧化物体系,该催化剂有较高的初始催化活性,但硼组分会随着反应的进行而逐渐流失,致使催化剂活性逐渐下降,且产品选择性较差。EP0509927公开了一种铝、磷、钛和硅的混合氧化物制备方法并用于对苯二酚醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚,反应温度提至280℃后,二酚转化率可达43%,产品选择性为96%,但由于该催化剂比表面积较小,仅有30~50m2/g,高温导致的积碳使催化剂快速失活。
因此,尽管部分已报道的传统磷酸盐系列催化剂有着良好的初始活性及选择性,但其低温效率低下、高温极易失活的缺点仍需改进。希望能够开发一种能够在温和条件下高效高选择性地催化对苯二酚单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚的催化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺复合催化剂的制备方法,该催化剂能够在温和条件下高效高选择性地催化对苯二酚单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚,使用寿命长、稳定性良好。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺复合催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制溶液A:在醇中分别加入氮源、钛源、金属杂元素源、引发剂和胶态氧化硅溶液,搅拌混合均匀;
(2)配制溶液B:在无机酸溶液中加入苯胺,搅拌混合均匀;
(3)将溶液A加至溶液B,搅拌混合均匀后蒸干得到块状物,将块状物高温煅烧后置于氟化氢铵水溶液中搅拌脱模板,过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到目标催化剂。
本发明催化剂的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,所述的氮源选自氰胺、尿素和双氰胺中的一种或多种,优选氰胺;
所述的钛源为钛酸正丁酯和四氯化钛中的一种或多种,优选钛酸正丁酯,钛源与氮源的摩尔比是0.8-1.2;
所述醇为乙醇,乙醇与氮源质量比优选为(3-7):1;
金属杂元素选自铯、锌、锰、铈、镧中的一种或多种,优选铯、锌、锰中的一种或多种,金属杂元素与氮源的摩尔比为0.1-0.3;所述金属杂元素源优选为相应金属的硝酸盐;
所述的引发剂为过硫酸铵,过硫酸铵与氮源摩尔比为(0.2-0.4):1;胶态氧化硅与氮源摩尔比为(0.2-0.4):1;
胶态氧化硅溶液的浓度是20-40wt%,溶剂是水,作用是造孔模板剂。
本发明催化剂的制备方法中,步骤(1)加入原料后在20-40℃下搅拌6-12h,优选在25-35℃下搅拌8-10h混合均匀。
本发明催化剂的制备方法中,步骤(2)中,所述无机酸溶液为稀盐酸,稀盐酸浓度为1~3mol/L,稀盐酸与苯胺质量比为(10-20):1;苯胺与步骤(1)氮源的摩尔比为(0.2-0.4):1。
本发明催化剂的制备方法中,步骤(2)加入原料后在20-40℃下搅拌6-12h,优选在25-35℃下搅拌8-10h混合均匀。
本发明催化剂的制备方法中,步骤(3)中,将溶液A加至溶液B后,在20-40℃下搅拌6-12h,优选在25-35℃下搅拌8-10h混合均匀;
蒸干在90-120℃下进行,优选100-110℃;
煅烧气氛为氮气,煅烧温度为600~1200℃,优选800~1000℃,升温速率为1-6℃/min,优选2-4℃/min,煅烧时间为4-8h,优选5-7h;
氟化氢铵水溶液浓度为2-10wt%,优选3-6wt%,优选地,氟化氢铵水溶液用量与煅烧后块状物质量比为(10-20):1;搅拌脱模板时长为12-60h,优选24-48h;干燥条件为100-150℃干燥12-60h,优选110-130℃干燥24-48h。
本发明催化剂的制备方法中,将煅烧后得到的催化剂按照已知技术成型工艺制备成条状、丸状或粒状物,优选通过挤压成型制备成条状,粒径优选为40~60目。
本发明制备的复合催化剂比表面积可达200~500m2/g。
本发明还涉及所述催化剂的用途:
以本发明制备方法制备的催化剂用于气相对苯二酚-甲醇醚化合成对羟基苯甲醚,优选的步骤为:将上述催化剂装填进固定床反应器并升温至反应温度,将对苯二酚、甲醇、稀释剂、助剂混合均匀后加入反应器,反应后产物在收集罐中冷凝。
本发明中,合成对羟基苯甲醚时,所述的稀释剂为乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚和二乙二醇二甲醚中的一种或多种,优选二乙二醇二甲醚;所述的助剂为磷酸、磷酸三甲酯和磷酸二甲酯中的一种或多种,优选磷酸。
本发明中,合成对羟基苯甲醚时,升温至反应温度为190~250℃,优选200~220℃;对苯二酚与甲醇摩尔比为(0.1~1):1,优选(0.2~0.4):1;稀释剂与对苯二酚质量比为(2~6):1,优选(3~5):1;助剂加入量占反应原料(包括对苯二酚、甲醇、稀释剂、助剂)总量的0.1~1.0wt%,优选0.2~0.4wt%;对苯二酚进料质量空速为0.05~0.7h-1,优选0.1~0.3h-1。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明采用金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺复合催化剂,在温和条件下(反应温度不超过250℃)即可催化反应进行,对苯二酚转化率可达约70%,对羟基苯甲醚选择性约97%。
(2)催化剂可连续使用1000h以上且稳定性良好。
附图说明
图1:实施例4催化剂的寿命试验曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,需要说明的是,实施例并不构成对本发明要求保护范围的限制。
BET测试法:动态法比表面积测试仪F-Sorb2400,最小测量范围:0.01m2/g;测试精度:测量重复性误差≤1.5%;测试气体:载气为高纯氦气(99.99%);测试时间:每样品每P/P0点吸附和脱附平均时间为5分钟。
气相色谱:对苯二酚-甲醇反应液的组成采用气相色谱法分析,操作条件为:采用DB-5MS UI(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)色谱柱、采用乙腈为溶剂、汽化室温度280℃、柱流量1.00mL/min、进样量0.2μL。色谱柱程序升温:首先于50℃以5℃/min的升温速率升温至80℃,最后以15℃/min的升温速率升温至280℃。
实施例中采用的反应器:对苯二酚醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚采用不锈钢固定床反应器,反应管型号为DN15*606,催化剂两端装填Ф2mmα-Al2O3瓷球。
实施例中:
胶态氧化硅溶液:40nm,30wt%水溶液。
实施例1
锌修饰氮化钛-聚苯胺复合催化剂,制备方法如下:
(1)溶液A:630g乙醇中加入180g胶态氧化硅溶液、126g氰胺、816g钛酸正丁酯、268g硝酸锌(六水)和205g过硫酸铵,40℃下充分搅拌12h;
(2)溶液B:837g 1mol/L盐酸溶液中加入84g苯胺,30℃下充分搅拌6h;
(3)将溶液A加入溶液B,20℃下充分搅拌9h,120℃下蒸干得到块状物。取300g块状物于氮气氛围下900℃煅烧8h,升温速率3℃/min,后置于4500g氟化氢铵水溶液(5wt%)搅拌36h脱去氧化硅模板,过滤、蒸馏水洗涤,120℃下干燥36h后得到复合催化剂,比表面积为324m2/g,孔径约29nm。
将上述制备的复合催化剂用于对苯二酚与甲醇气相单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚。
具体步骤为:将10g 40~60目挤压成型催化剂装填进固定床反应器并升温至反应温度,由进料泵将对苯二酚-甲醇-二乙二醇二甲醚-磷酸反应原料液带到反应器,其中,对苯二酚与甲醇摩尔比为0.3:1,二乙二醇二甲醚与对苯二酚质量比为4:1,磷酸加入量占反应原料总量为0.3wt%。反应条件为:反应温度为210℃,对苯二酚进料空速为0.2h-1。反应液在收集罐中,经气相色谱分析,其中对苯二酚转化率70.1%,对羟基苯甲醚选择性为96.3%。
实施例2
铯修饰氮化钛-聚苯胺复合催化剂,制备方法如下:
(1)540g乙醇中加入120g胶态氧化硅溶液、180g尿素、684g四氯化钛、59g硝酸铯和137g过硫酸铵,30℃下充分搅拌9h;
(2)溶液B:837g 2mol/L盐酸溶液中加入56g苯胺,40℃下充分搅拌9h;
(3)将溶液A加入溶液B,40℃下充分搅拌6h,105℃下蒸干得到块状物。取300g块状物于氮气氛围下600℃煅烧4h,升温速率1℃/min,后置于3000g氟化氢铵水溶液(2wt%)搅拌60h脱去氧化硅模板,过滤、蒸馏水洗涤,100℃下干燥60h后得到复合催化剂,比表面积为468m2/g,孔径约33nm。
将上述制备的复合催化剂用于对苯二酚与甲醇气相单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚。
具体步骤为:将10g 40~60目挤压成型催化剂装填进固定床反应器并升温至反应温度,由进料泵将对苯二酚-甲醇-乙二醇二甲醚-磷酸二甲酯反应原料液带到反应器,其中,对苯二酚与甲醇摩尔比为0.1:1,乙二醇二甲醚与对苯二酚质量比为6:1,磷酸二甲酯加入量占反应原料总量为0.1wt%。反应条件为:反应温度为210℃,对苯二酚进料空速为0.05h-1。反应液在收集罐中,经气相色谱分析,其中对苯二酚转化率63.9%,对羟基苯甲醚选择性为92.7%。
实施例3
锰修饰氮化钛-聚苯胺复合催化剂,制备方法如下:
(1)1764g乙醇中加入240g胶态氧化硅溶液、252g双氰胺、1020g钛酸正丁酯、151g硝酸锰(四水)和274g过硫酸铵,20℃下充分搅拌6h;
(2)溶液B:2232g 3mol/L盐酸溶液中加入112g苯胺,20℃下充分搅拌12h;
(3)将溶液A加入溶液B,30℃下充分搅拌12h,90℃下蒸干得到块状物。取300g块状物于氮气氛围下1200℃煅烧6h,升温速率6℃/min,后置于6000g氟化氢铵水溶液(10wt%)搅拌12h脱去氧化硅模板,过滤、蒸馏水洗涤,150℃下干燥12h后得到复合催化剂,比表面积为210m2/g,孔径约19nm。
将上述制备的复合催化剂用于对苯二酚与甲醇气相单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚。
具体步骤为:将10g 40~60目挤压成型催化剂装填进固定床反应器并升温至反应温度,由进料泵将对苯二酚-甲醇-乙二醇-磷酸三甲酯反应原料液带到反应器,其中,对苯二酚与甲醇摩尔比为1:1,乙二醇与对苯二酚质量比为2:1,磷酸三甲酯加入量占反应原料总量为1wt%。反应条件为:反应温度为250℃,对苯二酚进料空速为0.7h-1。反应液在收集罐中,经气相色谱分析,其中对苯二酚转化率54.6%,对羟基苯甲醚选择性为97.5%。
对比例1
以专利CN1274418C公开的实施例1中的磷酸铝作为催化剂,将其用于对苯二酚与甲醇气相单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚。具体步骤为:将10g 40~60目挤压成型催化剂装填进固定床反应器后,氮气吹扫并升温至反应温度,由进料泵将对苯二酚-甲醇-二乙二醇二甲醚-磷酸反应原料液带到反应器。反应条件为:反应温度为210℃,对苯二酚与甲醇摩尔比为0.3:1,二乙二醇二甲醚与对苯二酚质量比为4:1,磷酸加入量占反应原料总量为0.3wt%,对苯二酚进料空速为0.2h-1。反应液在收集罐中,经气相色谱分析,其中对苯二酚转化率13.3%,对羟基苯甲醚选择性为96.2%。
实施例4
将实施例1所制得的复合催化剂用于对苯二酚与甲醇气相单醚化制备对羟基苯甲醚寿命试验。反应具体步骤同实施例1,并连续运行1000h。反应液经气相色谱分析,其中对苯二酚转化率和对羟基苯甲醚选择性如图1所示。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备金属杂元素修饰的氮化钛-聚苯胺催化剂的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)配制溶液A:在醇中分别加入氮源、钛源、金属杂元素源、引发剂和胶态氧化硅溶液,搅拌混合均匀;
(2)配制溶液B:在无机酸溶液中加入苯胺,搅拌混合均匀;
(3)将溶液A与溶液B混合均匀后蒸干得到块状物,将块状物高温煅烧后置于氟化氢铵水溶液中搅拌脱模板,过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的氮源选自氰胺、尿素和双氰胺中的一种或多种,所述醇为乙醇,乙醇与氮源质量比为(3-7):1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的钛源为钛酸正丁酯和四氯化钛中的一种或多种,钛源与氮源摩尔比为0.8-1.2:1。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述金属杂元素选自铯、锌、锰、铈、镧中的一种或多种,金属杂元素源为相应金属的硝酸盐,金属杂元素源与氮源摩尔比为0.1-0.3:1。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述引发剂为过硫酸铵,过硫酸铵与氮源摩尔比为0.2-0.4:1;胶态氧化硅与氮源摩尔比为0.2-0.4:1。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述无机酸为稀盐酸,稀盐酸溶液浓度为1~3mol/L,稀盐酸溶液与苯胺质量比为10-20:1;苯胺与步骤(1)氮源摩尔比为0.2-0.4:1。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)煅烧气氛为氮气,煅烧温度为600~1200℃、优选800~1000℃,煅烧时间为4-8h、优选5-7h;
所述氟化氢铵水溶液的浓度为2-10wt%;氟化氢铵水溶液与煅烧后块状物质量比为10-20:1。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法制备的催化剂。
9.气相对苯二酚-甲醇醚化合成对羟基苯甲醚的方法,包括:将权利要求1-8任一项所述催化剂装填进固定床反应器并升温至反应温度,将对苯二酚、甲醇、稀释剂、助剂混合均匀后加入反应器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的稀释剂为乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚和二乙二醇二甲醚中的一种或多种;所述的助剂为磷酸、磷酸三甲酯和磷酸二甲酯中的一种或多种;
反应温度为190~250℃;对苯二酚与甲醇摩尔比为(0.1~1):1;稀释剂与对苯二酚质量比为(2~6):1;助剂加入量占反应原料总量为0.1~1.0wt%,对苯二酚的质量空速为0.05-0.7h-1。
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