CN114514962A - Low-toxin poultry feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-toxin poultry feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114514962A CN114514962A CN202210181967.9A CN202210181967A CN114514962A CN 114514962 A CN114514962 A CN 114514962A CN 202210181967 A CN202210181967 A CN 202210181967A CN 114514962 A CN114514962 A CN 114514962A
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- parts
- toxin
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- poultry
- feed
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of poultry feed, and particularly discloses low-toxin poultry feed and a preparation method thereof. The low-toxin poultry feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of corn 200-plus, 50-80 parts of wheat, 40-60 parts of soybean meal, 18-25 parts of ultramicro green tea powder, 5-10 parts of slow-release gelsemium elegans, 2-3 parts of litsea cubeba oil, 0.6-1 part of acetic acid, 1-3 parts of lemon eucalyptus oil, 0.4-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin, 0.8-1.6 parts of mineral feed additive, 0.6-1 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.6-1 part of yeast; the slow-release clinopodium polycephalum is prepared by the following method: the clinopodium polycephalum is crushed and ground, and then the sustained-release agent is added into the ground mixture to obtain the sustained-release clinopodium polycephalum after puffing treatment. The low-toxin poultry feed has the advantages of low toxin content and capability of remarkably improving the feed intake, daily gain, total protein content and albumin content of poultry.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of poultry feed, in particular to low-toxin poultry feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Poultry refers to artificially-fed avian animals such as chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, quails, and the like. Poultry plays an important role in human life, and meat and eggs of the poultry have rich nutritional values, so the poultry plays an important role in human diet. In addition, poultry feathers and feces also have important economic value, for example, feathers of ducks and geese can be applied to human clothing, so that the clothing is more warm and can help people resist severe cold.
At present, poultry feed mainly used by people for feeding poultry comprises corn, wheat, soybean meal and various additives. However, poultry feeds tend to produce mycotoxins during storage, which adversely affect the appetite and health of the poultry. Mycotoxins are toxic, harmful substances produced by molds or fungi, such as aflatoxins, T-2 toxins, and the like. Mycotoxin is accumulated in the poultry body for a long time, which can cause chronic poisoning of the poultry, reduce the feed intake of the poultry, and reduce the contents of total protein and albumin in the serum of the poultry; and after the poultry meat and the eggs polluted by the mycotoxin are eaten by human beings, the serious harm is caused to the health of the human beings. In addition, various additives in the poultry feed easily contain residual toxic drugs, and when the poultry feed is eaten by the poultry for a long time, toxic substances are easily accumulated in the bodies of the poultry, so that the poultry grow slowly and are easily transferred to human beings, and the human health of the human beings is seriously damaged. Therefore, the development of a poultry feed which has low toxicity and is capable of promoting the health and rapid growth of poultry is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the toxins in poultry feed and thereby increase the growth rate of poultry, the present application provides a low-toxin poultry feed and a method of making the same.
In a first aspect, the application provides a low-toxin poultry feed, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-toxin poultry feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of corn 200-plus, 50-80 parts of wheat, 40-60 parts of soybean meal, 18-25 parts of ultramicro green tea powder, 5-10 parts of slow-release gelsemium elegans, 2-3 parts of litsea cubeba oil, 0.6-1 part of acetic acid, 1-3 parts of lemon eucalyptus oil, 0.4-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin, 0.8-1.6 parts of mineral feed additive, 0.6-1 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.6-1 part of yeast; the slow-release gelsemium elegans is prepared by the following method: the clinopodium polycephalum powder is ground to obtain clinopodium polycephalum powder, then the sustained-release agent with the mass ratio of (8-10) to 1 is added into the clinopodium polycephalum powder, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the sustained-release clinopodium polycephalum powder is obtained after the swelling treatment.
By adopting the technical scheme, the low-toxin poultry feed has the advantage of low toxicity, thereby remarkably promoting the growth rate of poultry, reducing the feed-weight ratio and improving the contents of total protein and albumin in poultry serum. After the low-toxin poultry feed is fed to the broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens within 2-7 weeks is within the range of 57.1-57.9 g; the average daily food intake range is 123.8-124.3 g; the range of the material weight ratio is 2.15-2.17; the content range of total protein is 37.16-37.39 g/L; the content of albumin is 14.78-15.11 g/L. Through the mutual synergistic effect of the raw materials in the low-toxin poultry feed, the toxin in the poultry feed is reduced, so that the feed intake and the daily gain of poultry are improved, the feed-weight ratio is reduced, and the market demand is met.
In the application, the ultramicro green tea powder is added into the raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed, the ultramicro green tea powder contains abundant vitamins, proteins, amino acids, mineral elements and the like, has abundant nutritional values, and the ultramicro green tea powder contains tea polyphenols and the like, and is beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance of the low-toxin poultry feed. In addition, the ultramicro green tea powder has strong adsorption performance, is beneficial to reducing mycotoxin in wheat and corn, enables the contents of total protein and albumin in poultry serum to be increased, improves the feed intake and daily gain of poultry, and reduces the material-weight ratio. The raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed are also added with the slow-release gelsemium elegans which is added in a proper amount, so that parasites can be reduced, the appetite of poultry can be improved, and the slow-release gelsemium elegans is obtained by preparation and slowly released in poultry bodies, so that the side effect of the gelsemium elegans on the poultry is obviously reduced; the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added, so that the side effect of the gelsemium elegans is further reduced, the immunity and the growth capacity of poultry can be further improved under the action of the saccharomycetes and the lactic acid bacteria, the toxin in the low-toxin poultry feed is further reduced through the fermentation of the low-toxin poultry feed, and the digestion and absorption of the poultry on the low-toxin poultry feed are facilitated, so that the feed intake and the daily gain of the poultry can be obviously improved and the feed weight ratio is reduced after the poultry is fed with the low-toxin poultry feed.
Optionally, in the preparation of the slow release gelsemium elegans, the crushed gelsemium elegans is ground to the particle size of 200-400 meshes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the digestion and absorption of the clinopodium polycephalum of the poultry are facilitated, and when the particle size of the clinopodium polycephalum is in the range, the influence on the performance detection result is in a predictable range.
Optionally, the sustained release agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of ferrous sulfate and 40-50 parts of bentonite.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the load action of the bentonite, the ferrous sulfate plays a slow release role, so that the slow release clinopodium polycephalum can be slowly released in poultry bodies; and the adsorption effect of the bentonite can further reduce the generation of mycotoxin in the low-toxin poultry feed. When the content of each raw material in the sustained-release agent is within the above range, the influence on the performance test result is within a predictable range.
Optionally, the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of isatis root, 12-15 parts of common andrographis herb, 12-15 parts of dried orange peel, 10-15 parts of astragalus, 10-15 parts of liquorice, 8-15 parts of angelica, 8-13 parts of red date powder and 8-10 parts of sweet wormwood herb.
By adopting the technical scheme, the radix isatidis, the andrographis paniculata, the astragalus mongholicus and the liquorice can play roles in clearing away heat and toxic materials and highly inhibiting bacteria, and the resistance of poultry is improved; the sweet wormwood herb and the dried orange peel can reduce the content of bacteria and ammonia gas in the air and purify the living environment of the poultry, and the dried orange peel and the red date are helpful for reducing the bitter taste generated by Chinese herbal medicines, so that the appetite of the poultry is improved. When the contents of the respective raw materials in the Chinese herbal medicine additive are within the above ranges, the influence on the performance test result is within the expected range.
Optionally, the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the following method: mixing the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive uniformly, and crushing to obtain crushed Chinese herbal medicine powder; adding water with the mass ratio of 1 (10-15) to the Chinese herbal medicine crushed material, adding cellulase with the mass ratio of 1 to the Chinese herbal medicine crushed material (25-30) to the Chinese herbal medicine crushed material, stirring to mix uniformly, heating to 40-50 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5h, heating to 95-100 ℃, cooking for 5-6h, cooling to 22 +/-3 ℃, filtering, taking filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to 0.95-1.05g crude drug/ml to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the action of the cellulase, the effective components in the Chinese herbal medicines can be extracted more easily, the digestion and absorption capacity of poultry on the Chinese herbal medicine additive is improved, and the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by extracting the effective components in the Chinese herbal medicines with water, so that the toxin content in the Chinese herbal medicines is further reduced, and the toxin content in the low-toxin poultry feed is further reduced. And when each operating condition is within the above range, the influence on the performance test result is within the expected range.
Optionally, the ultramicro green tea powder is prepared by the following method: spreading fresh tea leaves, air drying to make water loss rate of fresh tea leaves 8-10%, steam deactivating enzyme, hot air dewatering to make water content of fresh tea leaves 55-58%, kneading, drying and pulverizing to obtain ultramicro green tea powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ultrafine green tea powder has stronger adsorption property and good dispersibility, and is beneficial to reducing the toxin in the low-toxin poultry feed. And when the water loss rate and the water content of the fresh tea leaves are respectively in the ranges, the influence on the performance detection result is in an expected range.
The second aspect of the application provides a preparation method of a low-toxin poultry feed, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of the low-toxin poultry feed comprises the following steps:
step S1: uniformly mixing corn, wheat and bean pulp, crushing the mixture to 20-25 meshes to obtain a material I; step S2: uniformly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes to obtain mixed bacteria, and then adding water with the mass ratio of 1 (20-30) into the mixed bacteria to obtain a material II;
step S3: uniformly mixing the material I with the rest raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed to obtain a material III, then adding the material II into the material III, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 5-7 days to obtain the low-toxin poultry feed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation method is simple and easy to operate. And when the respective operating conditions are within the above ranges, the influence on the performance test results is within the expected range.
Optionally, before the step S1, the corn and the wheat are pretreated, specifically, the corn and the wheat are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture, then, 1-3% by weight of lime water is added into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.2-0.3), the mixture is stirred uniformly and sealed for 2-3d, then, the mixture is washed by water according to the mass ratio of 1 (2-3) to the mixture, and the mixture is dried in the air, and then the operation in the step S1 is performed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the wheat and the corn are pretreated by the lime water, so that the content of mycotoxin in the wheat and the corn can be obviously reduced. And when the respective operating conditions are within the above ranges, the influence on the performance test results is within the expected range.
In summary, the present application has at least the following advantages
Firstly, adding ultramicro green tea powder, slow-release clinopodium polycephalum, a Chinese herbal medicine additive, microzyme and lactic acid bacteria into raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed, and mutually coordinating the raw materials to obviously reduce the toxin content in the low-toxin poultry feed, so that after the low-toxin poultry feed is fed to broilers, the average daily gain of the broilers in 2-7 weeks reaches 57.1g, the daily feed intake reaches 123.8g, the feed weight ratio is reduced to 2.17, and the total protein content is increased to 37.16 g/L; the content of albumin is increased to 14.78 g/L;
Secondly, adding cellulose in the preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive, and then extracting the effective components in the Chinese herbal medicine by water, so as to further reduce the toxin content in the low-toxin poultry feed, so that after the poultry feed is fed to broilers, the average daily gain of the broilers in 2-7 weeks reaches 57.8g, the daily feed intake reaches 124.2g, the feed weight ratio is reduced to 2.15, and the total protein content is increased to 37.34 g/L; the content of albumin is increased to 15.02 g/L;
thirdly, the toxin content in the low-toxin poultry feed is further reduced by pretreating the corn and the wheat, so that after the low-toxin poultry feed is fed to the broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens within 2-7 weeks reaches 57.9g, the daily feed intake reaches 124.3g, and the total protein content is increased to 37.39 g/L; the albumin content increased to 15.11 g/L.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Raw materials
The compound vitamin is selected from Synopsis animal nutrition science and technology of Foshan; the mineral feed additive is selected from Henan Dong kang veterinary drug Co., Ltd; the lactobacillus is of feed grade, and is selected from Zhengzhou Zhongnong Yingtai antibacterial peptide science and technology limited; the yeast is HP-00098, and is selected from Hebei Huapin Biotech limited; the cellulase is selected from food ingredients of Jinnan Derun, Inc.
Preparation example I
Preparation example I-1
An ultramicro green tea powder is prepared by the following steps:
spreading 25kg of fresh tea leaves of small tea seeds indoors for 6 hours, air-drying, turning once every 0.5 hour to ensure that the water loss rate of the fresh tea leaves is 8%, then carrying out steam de-enzyming and hot air dehydration to ensure that the water content of the fresh tea leaves is 58%, the steam temperature of the steam de-enzyming is 100 ℃, and the de-enzyming time is 20 s; the temperature of hot air dehydration is 140 ℃ and the time is 45 s; adding into a rolling machine, and rolling for 10min at a rotation speed of 50 r/min; then drying the tea leaves under hot air blowing to ensure that the water loss rate of the fresh tea leaves is 82 percent; then adding 2kg of beta-cyclodextrin, mixing uniformly, and then adding into a grinder to grind until the grain diameter is 800 meshes, thus obtaining the ultramicro green tea powder.
Preparation example II
Preparation example II-1
The slow-release gelsemium elegans is prepared by the following steps:
taking 10kg of clinopodium polycephalum, adding into a grinder to be ground, and then grinding in a grinder until the particle size is 200 meshes to obtain clinopodium polycephalum powder; adding 1kg of sustained release agent into the gelsemium elegans powder, uniformly mixing, and then adding into a bulking machine for bulking to obtain the sustained release gelsemium elegans; the slow release agent is a mixture of 0.1kg ferrous sulfate and 0.9kg bentonite.
Preparation example II-2
A slow-release gelsemium elegans is characterized in that a slow-release agent is 0.1kg of ferrous sulfate, and the rest is the same as the preparation example II-1.
Preparation example III
Preparation example III-1
A Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by adopting the following method:
mixing 5kg of radix Isatidis, 3.5kg of herba Andrographitis, 3kg of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, 3kg of radix astragali, 3.5kg of Glycyrrhrizae radix, 2.5kg of radix Angelicae sinensis, 3kg of fructus Jujubae powder, and 2kg of herba Artemisiae Annuae uniformly, and pulverizing in a pulverizer to obtain pulverized material; adding 255kg of water into the crushed material, then adding 1kg of cellulase, stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed, heating to 45 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 4h, then heating to 100 ℃, cooking for 6h, cooling to 22 ℃, filtering, taking the filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to 1g of crude drug/ml to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive.
Preparation example III-2
A Chinese herbal medicine additive, which is different from the preparation example III-1 in that cellulase is not added, and the rest is the same as the preparation example III-1.
Preparation example III-3
A Chinese herbal medicine additive is different from the preparation example III-1 in that the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the following method: mixing 5kg of radix isatidis, 3.5kg of common andrographis herb, 3kg of dried orange peel, 3kg of astragalus membranaceus, 3.5kg of liquorice, 2.5kg of angelica, 3kg of red date powder and 2kg of sweet wormwood uniformly, and crushing in a crusher to obtain crushed materials, wherein the crushed materials are Chinese herbal medicine additives, and the balance are the same as in preparation example III-1.
Examples
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-4 contents (kg) of respective materials of low-toxin fowl feed
Example 1
A low-toxin feed for fowls, whose raw material content is shown in Table 1.
The ultrafine green tea powder was prepared according to preparation example I-1;
the sustained-release gelsemium elegans is prepared by the preparation example II-1;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the preparation example III-1;
the nutrient components of the compound vitamins are as follows: vitamin A and vitamin D3Vitamin K3Vitamin E, vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B6Vitamin B12Nicotinamide, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin;
the mineral feed additive mainly contains microelements as main nutritional components, and is in the form of powder;
a preparation method of a low-toxin poultry feed comprises the following steps:
step S1: uniformly mixing corn, wheat and bean pulp, adding the mixture into a grinder for grinding, and grinding the mixture to 20 meshes to obtain a material I;
step S2: uniformly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes to obtain mixed bacteria, and then adding water with the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria to the mixed bacteria being 1:20 to obtain a material II;
step S3: uniformly mixing the material I with the rest raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed to obtain a material III, then adding the material II into the material III, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 7d to obtain the low-toxin poultry feed.
Examples 2 to 4
The low-toxin poultry feeds of examples 2 to 4 are different from those of example 1 in the content of raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed, which is shown in table 1, and the rest is the same as that of example 1.
Example 5
A low-toxin poultry feed is different from the feed in example 3 in that a Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared in preparation example III-2, and the rest is the same as the feed in example 3.
Example 6
A low-toxin poultry feed is different from the feed in example 3 in that a Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared in preparation example III-3, and the rest is the same as the feed in example 3.
Example 7
A low-toxin feed for poultry, which is different from example 3 in that a sustained-release gelsemium elegans is prepared in production example II-2, and the rest is the same as example 3.
Example 8
A low-toxin poultry feed which is different from the feed of example 3 in that in the preparation of the low-toxin poultry feed, before the step S1, corn and wheat are pretreated, specifically, 230kg of corn and 60kg of wheat are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed material, 58kg of 1% by weight lime water is added into the mixed material, the mixed material is uniformly stirred and sealed for 3 days, then 580kg of water is used for washing, airing is carried out, then the operation of the step S1 is carried out, and the rest is the same as the feed of example 3.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A low-toxin feed for poultry, which is different from example 1 in that the same amount of gelsemium elegans is used instead of the slow-release gelsemium elegans, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
A low-toxin feed for poultry, which is different from example 1 in that ultrafine green tea powder is not added to the raw materials of the low-toxin feed for poultry, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
A low-toxin poultry feed is different from the feed in the embodiment 1 in that the raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed are not added with Chinese herbal medicine additives, and the rest is the same as the feed in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
A low-toxin feed for poultry, which is different from example 1 in that acetic acid is not added to the raw materials of the low-toxin feed for poultry, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 5
A low-toxin poultry feed which is different from example 1 in that yeast and lactic acid bacteria are not added to the raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed, that is, in the preparation of the low-toxin poultry feed, the operation of step S2 is not performed, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Performance test
Selecting 260 broiler chickens with good health conditions in 7 days old in a certain chicken farm, weighing the weight of each broiler chicken, recording, and respectively calculating to obtain the average weight of each group of broiler chickens, namely the initial weight. The weight difference of the 260 broilers was less than 10%. The 260 broilers were randomly divided into 13 groups of 20 day broilers each. The low-toxin poultry feeds prepared in examples 1 to 8 were used to feed 1 to 8 groups of broiler chickens, and the low-toxin poultry feeds prepared in comparative examples 1 to 5 were used to feed 9 to 13 groups of broiler chickens, respectively. And feeding the broiler chickens in the same way in each group, and recording the daily food intake of each broiler chicken.
Feeding the 13 groups of broiler chickens for seven weeks, weighing the broiler chickens on an empty stomach in the early morning, calculating to obtain the average weight of each group of broiler chickens, namely the final weight, and then calculating to obtain the average daily gain according to the initial weight and the final weight of each group of broiler chickens;
average daily gain (final weight-initial weight)/49;
respectively summing the daily food intake of each broiler chicken, calculating to obtain the total food intake of each broiler chicken, then calculating the total food intake of each group of broiler chicken in seven weeks, and calculating to obtain the average daily food intake according to the total food intake of each group of broiler chicken in seven weeks;
average daily food intake (seven weeks total food intake/(49 × 20);
calculating according to the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake to obtain a feed-weight ratio;
the average daily feed intake/average daily gain is the material weight ratio;
randomly selecting one broiler chicken in each group at the end of seven weeks, fasting for 12 hours, freely drinking water in the period, then respectively taking blood from jugular veins of the broiler chickens, preparing serum, measuring the total protein of each broiler chicken by adopting a bromocresol green colorimetric method, measuring the albumin of each broiler chicken by adopting a Coomassie Brilliant blue method, and measuring the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 test results
As can be seen from Table 2, the low-toxin poultry feed disclosed by the application can obviously improve the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers after being fed to the broilers, and has a low feed-weight ratio, wherein the average daily gain is 57.1-57.9 g; the average daily food intake range is 123.8-124.3 g; the material weight ratio is in the range of 2.15-2.17. And the serum of the broiler chicken has higher total protein and albumin content, wherein the total protein content is in the range of 37.16-37.39 g/L; the albumin content ranges from 14.78 to 15.11 g/L. The low-toxin poultry feed prepared in the application has low toxin content, can improve the total protein and albumin content in the serum of the broiler chicken, is favorable for improving the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the broiler chicken, and meets the market demand.
When comparative example 1 and example 1 were compared, the average daily gain of broiler chicken after feeding the low-toxin poultry feed in comparative example 1 to broiler chicken was 55.9g, the average daily feed intake was 123.6g, the feed weight ratio was 2.22, the total protein content was 37.25g/L, and the albumin content was 14.86 g/L; when the low-toxin poultry feed in example 1 was fed to broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens was 57.6g, the average daily feed intake was 124.2g, the feed weight ratio was 2.16, the total protein content was 37.31g/L, and the albumin content was 15.01 g/L. In the raw material of the low-toxin poultry feed in comparative example 1, the sustained-release gelsemium elegans was replaced with an equal amount of gelsemium elegans, so that the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, total protein content, and albumin content of broilers were all decreased, compared to example 1. The gelsemium elegans is toxic to human bodies, but when the gelsemium elegans is properly applied to poultry feed, the gelsemium elegans is beneficial to improving the feed intake of poultry, relieving heat stress and improving the daily gain of the poultry. The clinopodium polycephalum is prepared into the slow-release clinopodium polycephalum, so that the side effect of the clinopodium polycephalum on the broilers is reduced, and the feed intake, the daily gain, the total protein content and the albumin content of the broilers are further improved.
Comparing the comparative example 2 with the example 1, after the low-toxin poultry feed in the comparative example 2 is fed to the broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens is 55.4g, the average daily feed intake is 123.1g, the feed weight ratio is 2.22, the total protein content is 37.01g/L, and the albumin content is 14.77 g/L; after the low-toxin poultry feed in example 1 was fed to broiler chickens, the average daily gain of broiler chickens was 57.6g, the average daily feed intake was 124.2g, the feed weight ratio was 2.16, the total protein content was 37.31g/L, and the albumin content was 15.01 g/L. Comparative example 2 ultramicro green tea powder was not added to the raw materials of the low toxin poultry feed. The ultramicro green tea powder contains rich protein, amino acid and vitamin, and can provide rich nutrition for poultry. The ultrafine green tea powder has strong adsorbability, and is helpful for reducing mycotoxin in raw materials such as wheat and corn, so that the total protein and albumin content in the broiler chicken can be increased.
Comparing comparative example 3 with example 1, after the low-toxin poultry feed in the comparative example 3 is fed to the broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens is 55.1g, the average daily feed intake is 122.7g, the feed weight ratio is 2.23, the total protein content is 36.86g/L, and the albumin content is 14.57 g/L; after the low-toxin poultry feed in example 1 was fed to broiler chickens, the average daily gain of broiler chickens was 57.6g, the average daily feed intake was 124.2g, the feed weight ratio was 2.16, the total protein content was 37.31g/L, and the albumin content was 15.01 g/L. Compared with example 1, the raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed in comparative example 3 are not added with Chinese herbal medicine additives. The Chinese herbal medicine additive has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, inhibiting bacteria and the like, is beneficial to reducing toxin in the low-toxin poultry feed, improving the feed intake and daily gain of broiler chickens, and is beneficial to improving the contents of total protein and albumin in serum of broiler chickens.
When comparative example 4 and example 1 were compared, the average daily gain of broiler chicken after feeding the low-toxin poultry feed in comparative example 4 to broiler chicken was 55.8g, the average daily feed intake was 123.4g, the feed weight ratio was 2.21, the total protein content was 37.10g/L, and the albumin content was 14.91 g/L; when the low-toxin poultry feed in example 1 was fed to broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens was 57.6g, the average daily feed intake was 124.2g, the feed weight ratio was 2.16, the total protein content was 37.31g/L, and the albumin content was 15.01 g/L. No acetic acid was added to the raw materials of the low toxin poultry feed in comparative example 4. The addition of acetic acid can reduce bitter taste of fowl feed, and is helpful for improving appetite of broiler chicken. In addition, the acetic acid is synergistic with the litsea cubeba oil and the lemon eucalyptus oil, so that the generation of mycotoxin in wheat and corn can be further reduced, and the total content of total protein and albumin in the serum of the broiler chicken can be further increased.
Comparing comparative example 5 with example 1, after the low-toxin poultry feed in the comparative example 5 is fed to the broiler chickens, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens is 55.2g, the average daily feed intake is 122.9g, the feed weight ratio is 2.23, the total protein content is 36.89g/L, and the albumin content is 14.60 g/L; after the low-toxin poultry feed in example 1 was fed to broiler chickens, the average daily gain of broiler chickens was 57.6g, the average daily feed intake was 124.2g, the feed weight ratio was 2.16, the total protein content was 37.31g/L, and the albumin content was 15.01 g/L. Compared with example 1, the raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed in the comparative example 5 are not added with yeast and lactic acid bacteria, so that the feed weight ratio of the broiler chicken in the comparative example 5 is increased, and the contents of total protein and albumin are reduced. By adding the saccharomycetes and the lactic acid bacteria, the low-toxin poultry feed is further fermented, so that the generation of harmful bacteria in the low-toxin poultry feed can be reduced, the metabolism, the immunity and the feed intake of poultry can be improved, the daily gain of the poultry can be further improved, and the feed-weight ratio can be reduced.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The low-toxin poultry feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of corn 200-plus, 50-80 parts of wheat, 40-60 parts of soybean meal, 18-25 parts of ultramicro green tea powder, 5-10 parts of slow-release gelsemium elegans, 2-3 parts of litsea cubeba oil, 0.6-1 part of acetic acid, 1-3 parts of lemon eucalyptus oil, 0.4-2 parts of Chinese herbal medicine additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin, 0.8-1.6 parts of mineral feed additive, 0.6-1 part of lactic acid bacteria and 0.6-1 part of yeast; the slow-release gelsemium elegans is prepared by the following method: the clinopodium polycephalum powder is ground to obtain clinopodium polycephalum powder, then the sustained-release agent with the mass ratio of (8-10) to 1 is added into the clinopodium polycephalum powder, the mixture is uniformly mixed, and the sustained-release clinopodium polycephalum powder is obtained after the swelling treatment.
2. The feed for poultry with low toxin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation of the slow-release gelsemium elegans, the crushed gelsemium elegans is ground to a particle size of 200-400 meshes.
3. The low-toxin poultry feed according to claim 1, wherein the slow release agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of ferrous sulfate and 40-50 parts of bentonite.
4. The low-toxin poultry feed according to claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of isatis root, 12-15 parts of common andrographis herb, 12-15 parts of dried orange peel, 10-15 parts of astragalus, 10-15 parts of liquorice, 8-15 parts of angelica, 8-13 parts of red date powder and 8-10 parts of sweet wormwood.
5. The low-toxin poultry feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine additive is prepared by the following method: mixing the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive uniformly, and crushing to obtain crushed Chinese herbal medicine powder; adding water with the mass ratio of 1 (10-15) to the Chinese herbal medicine crushed material, adding cellulase with the mass ratio of 1 to the Chinese herbal medicine crushed material (25-30) to the Chinese herbal medicine crushed material, stirring to mix uniformly, heating to 40-50 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5h, heating to 95-100 ℃, cooking for 5-6h, cooling to 22 +/-3 ℃, filtering, taking filtrate, and concentrating the filtrate to 0.95-1.05g crude drug/ml to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine additive.
6. The low-toxin poultry feed according to claim 1, wherein the ultramicro green tea powder is prepared by the following method: spreading fresh tea leaves, air drying to make water loss rate of fresh tea leaves 8-10%, steam deactivating enzyme, hot air dehydrating to make water content of fresh tea leaves 55-58%, kneading, drying, and pulverizing to obtain ultramicro green tea powder.
7. A method of producing a low toxin poultry feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step S1: uniformly mixing corn, wheat and bean pulp, crushing the mixture to 20-25 meshes to obtain a material I;
step S2: uniformly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes to obtain mixed bacteria, and then adding water with the mass ratio of 1 (20-30) into the mixed bacteria to obtain a material II;
step S3: uniformly mixing the material I with the rest raw materials of the low-toxin poultry feed to obtain a material III, then adding the material II into the material III, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 5-7 days to obtain the low-toxin poultry feed.
8. The preparation method of the low-toxin poultry feed according to claim 7, characterized in that before the step S1, the corn and the wheat are pretreated, specifically, the corn and the wheat are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture, then 1-3% by weight of lime water with the mass ratio of 1 (0.2-0.3) is added into the mixture, the mixture is uniformly stirred and sealed for 2-3d, and then the mixture is washed by water with the mass ratio of 1 (2-3) to the mixture, and dried, and then the operation in the step S1 is carried out.
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