CN1145128C - 低功率射频识别读出器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在标签读出器系统(10)中,射频紧靠式读出器(12)使用电池运行有可能通过利用辅助检测器(20)(诸如具有重叠的视区(V)的无源红外检测器)监视在RFID读出器检测区(S)中的活动、以及只在由辅助检测器检测到活动后才向RFID读出器供电而实现。RFID被保持为相对于辅助检测器更低的占空因数,该辅助检测器是为了相对较低的功率消耗而被选择的,从而达到在组合的RFID读出器与辅助检测器的运行功率要求上的总的减小。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及在可控制的接入系统中与识别标签一起使用的射频识别读出器,更具体地,涉及适合于电池供电操作的低功率靠近式读出器。
现有技术状态
射频识别系统(RFID)已得到广泛的使用,它通常包括一个典型地被安装在固定位置的读出器,和大量便携式识别标签。每个ID标签包含一个转发器单元,当由读出器通过射频发射向该转发器单元进行询问时,该转发器单元就返还一个编码的应答。读出器周期地进行射频发射,它被设计成可以引起从读出器范围内的任何ID标签发出射频应答。标签应答包括编码的识别数据,根据这个识别数据,读出器作出关于准许或拒绝接入到受控制的设施的决定。RFID系统可以使用有源标签,它们本身带有电源,诸如电池,或可以使用无源标签,它们不包含电源,而是完全依赖于由读出器辐射的能量。无源标签读出器通过发射能激活任何存在的标签的能量,连续地或周期地搜索在读出器附近的无源标签的存在。无源标签除非被读出器激活,否则不能报告它的存在。而且,无源ID标签需要接收足够的射频功率,这些功率在被标签转换成电流时将支持标签的电子电路的运行。因此,读出器/标签系统的运行范围在很大程度上由读出器发射的功率决定,因而ID标签必须放置得足够靠近读出器,以便标签被激活。为此,无源标签读出器也被称为紧靠式读出器。紧靠式读出器在可类似的范围内比起有源标签RFID读出器来说一般具有大得多的运行功率要求,开发便携式电池供电的紧靠式读出器时遇到的障碍是对电池功率的过分汲取。
不断地需要一种能降低运行功率要求的RFID读出器,以及特别地需要这样一种低功率的紧靠式读出器,它可以由电池合适地供电,以便能够以便携方式使用。
发明概要
本发明通过提供一种低功率射频识别读出器系统而解决上述的需要,该读出器系统包括:一个RFID标签读出器,它通过使识别标签作出射频应答从而在读出器的检测区内检测和验证识别标签的存在;以及一个辅助检测器,用于检测在RFID标签读出器的检测区内表示可能有识别标签进入读出器的检测区的改变,并根据这样的改变得出一个使能信号。通过检测这样的改变,辅助检测器可以检测一个物体进入检测区,但这不是通过引起来自这样的物体的射频应答来进行检测的。
提供了用于给RFID标签读出器和辅助检测器供电的电源。每个检测器和读出器都具有平均运行功率要求,以及辅助检测器被选择为具有比读出器小得多的平均运行功率要求。在给辅助检测器供电时,一个功率切换电路常规地限制或切断从电源向RFID标签读出器提供的功率。作为对所述使能信号的响应,功率切换电路在一个有限的时间间隔内启动提供全额运行功率给RFID标签读出器以便验证ID标签的存在,如果存在ID标签的话,允许受控制的设施被接入。结果,RFID读出器被降低到比辅助检测器更低的工作循环,以及通过只在检测到一个物理改变(诸如表示可能存在ID标签的、在读出器的检测区中的运动)后,才运行RFID标签读出器,从而可以节省读出器系统的总的或平均的运行功率。
虽然本发明的低功率RFID标签读出器系统并不限于任何特定的类型的RFID读出器,但将会发现,采用紧靠式或无源标签读出器是最有用的,这是因为它们相对较高的运行功率要求。为此,在本发明的优选的形式中,RFID读出器是被设计用来检测无源识别标签的存在的紧靠式读出器。
辅助检测器不限于任何特定的传感技术。而且,辅助检测器应当被选择为比RFID读出器汲取要小的功率,这样,通过减小RFID读出器的占空因数从而改为在大多数时间依靠辅助检测器,就可实现重大的功率节省。辅助检测器,例如可以(但不限于)从包括无源红外、电感性、电容性、微波和超声检测器的组中被选择。通常,辅助检测器作为运动检测器运行,因为它所响应的改变常常是由不一定是ID标签的物体的运动而引起的。当前的优选辅助检测器是一种无源红外检测器,它被设计用于检测在读出器检测区中的红外背景中的改变。
为了使功率节省达到最佳效果,可以把RFID读出器的运行时间限制在接近验证ID标签的存在(即,发射射频询问信号、接收和检测来自ID标签的应答(如果ID标签在检测区中存在的话)、以及如果ID标签被检测到则执行接入控制功能(诸如打开门然后再把它锁上))所需要的时间段。在完成标签读取功能或接入控制功能后,标签读出器输出一个禁止或关断控制信号给功率控制开关,以便使标签读出器返回到功率受限制的等待状态。
本发明也可以扩展到一种运行具有检测区的射频识别标签读出器的方法,包括以下步骤:把RFID读出器设置在等待状态或休眠状态,检测物体被引入到检测区,使射频读出器被激活或唤醒至少一个足够的、相对较短的时间间隔,以便如果在检测区中存在识别标签的话,便从识别标签引起一个应答;以及使射频紧靠式读出器返回到等待状态或休眠状态。检测步骤可以包括检测在检测区内物理特性上的改变,诸如在RFID读出器的检测区内一个不一定是ID标签的物体的位置的改变。位置的改变可以通过红外、电感性、电容性、超声或微波检测而被获得。
附图简述
图1是按照本发明的低功率消耗的射频识别系统的方框图。
图2显示一个其特征为无源红外辅助检测器的、按照本发明的低功率RFID读出器系统;以及
图3是图2的低功率RFID读出器系统的平面视图,显示RFID检测区和重叠的无源红外视区。
优选实施例详细描述
参照附图,图1以方框图的形式显示低功率识别标签读出器系统,总的以数字表示。读出器系统10包括射频标签读出器12,它可以是任何类型的射频读出器,但为了这里早先给出的理由,本发明对于紧靠式或无源RFID标签读出器是特别有用的,这是因为它们具有更大的运行功率消耗。读出器系统1a由通过功率控制电路或开关16被连接到读出器12的电源14来提供工作功率。电源14可以是AC(交流)电源,但通常是电池电源,因为本发明的主要目的是能够用电池实际运行读出器系统10。
标签读出器12具有射频天线18,设想为图2上的假想的线,它发射询问信号,用于引起足够靠近读出器12的ID标签的应答,以及接收来自任何的这样的ID标签的射频应答。标签读出器12的天线或天线系统具有检测区S,设想为图3上的同心的弧形区,在这个区内,ID读出器能够引起ID标签应答,也接收来自标签的应答信号。在这个检测区以外,询问信号的强度可能不足以引起应答,或如果引起应答,但在天线18处,应答信号的强度太弱因而不能被读出器12读出。标签读出器12的范围不仅根据离天线的距离而受到限制,也可能随天线的方向而变化,即,天线可以具有方向性图形,在特定的方向上具有最大的灵敏度以及偏离这个方向时减小的灵敏度。标签读出器的方向性不单由天线辐射方向图决定,也由围绕读出器的物理环境决定。如果读出器系统10被安装在如图所示的墙壁W上,则有效的检测区S被限制在墙壁的前面,因为ID标签只存在于这个区域,而不在墙壁的后面,即使标签读出器的射频区实际上可能延伸穿过和到达墙壁的后面。因此,标签读出器12的检测区在范围和方向上受到它的射频信号辐射和接收方式以及围绕读出器系统10的物理环境限制,如图2和3所示。
按照本发明,提供了具有视区V的辅助检测器20,该视区V通常与RFID标签读出器12的检测区S重叠。当前优选的辅助检测器20是在家庭保安系统中使用的、用于响应于在检测器的视区内红外背景的改变(诸如出现在PIR检测器前面的运动的人体)而接通灯光的无源红外(PIR)运动检测器。这种类型的PIR检测器在市面上可以以低的价格购买到。在传统的应用中,PIR检测器产生一个输出信号,它一般被使用来触发安全警报或打开灯光。
当按照本发明被实施为辅助检测器20时,PIR检测器如图2和3所示地相对于RFID读出器12被安排和放置,以便检测例如在RFID标签读出器12的前面存在有挥动着ID标签的手。辅助检测器的输出信号作为一个ON(接通)控制信号被连接到功率控制切换电路16。
在标签读出器12的初始等待状态,功率控制开关16被关断,以便关断RFID读出器。当运动物体(诸如ID标签握持者的手)被PIR辅助检测器20检测时,辅助检测器最终产生的ON控制信号就会激活功率开关16,以便从电源提供电功率给RFID读出器12,从而激活RFID读出器。在它的现在的激活状态下,标签读出器12运行在传统的方式,以及发送一个被设计用来引起在读出器范围内的任何ID标签作出射频应答的射频信号,以及听取来自ID标签的任何射频应答。典型地,标签读出器12仅仅在读出ID标签所必须的时间长度内才保持为接通。如果在适当的时间后没有由读出器的发射引起ID标签应答,则读出器输出一个OFF(关断)控制信号给功率控制开关,从而关断电源,使得读出器返回到等待状态。如果辅助检测器实际上检测到一个ID标签进入检测区S,则标签读出器12也执行接入控制功能,使得受保护的设施能够被接入,诸如打开电子门锁和使得设施返回到锁定条件。在完成接入控制周期后,读出器输出OFF控制信号给功率控制开关,以及返回到等待状态。标签读出器12典型地在微处理器的控制下运行,以及在适当的时间输出OFF控制信号是通过对微处理器的适当编程来完成的。
功率控制开关16可以设计成只暂停RFID读出器的某些功能,而不是完全切断供给标签读出器的电源。完全地切断标签读出器12的电源可能是不希望的,因为微处理器的某些初始化功能在每次通电时需要重新执行。为此,ON控制信号可以改变成用来激活对于有效地检测和读出ID标签所需要的微处理器的某些功能和子程序,而同时保持微处理器处在标签读出器的等待状态下的一种低功率状态。也就是说,标签读出器12的等待状态是任何一种这样的状态,其中标签读出器的功率消耗被限制为小于检测和读出ID标签的正常运行要求。
每个ID标签的RFID读出器的接通时间可以是相当短的(几秒钟的量级),它取决于受控制的接入的类型。通过以这种方式限制RFID读出器的接通时间,RFID读出器的工作循环(即RFID读出器12的接通时间相对于读出器系统10的运行时间)可被设计得非常小,由此大大地减小组合的RFID/PIR系统10的功率消耗,以及使得可以实际上利用电池来运行这样的组合读出器。组合读出器10可以被封装在任何符合实用和需要的外壳中,以供按便携或固定方式使用。
无源IR检测器比无源RFID检测器消耗更小的功率,因为PIR检测器不发射信号,而是对存在由发热的物体或身体发射的辐射作出应答。然而,对辅助检测器的选择不限于红外检测器。适合于本发明的目的的其它的运动传感技术也可提供使用。例如,电感性或电容性类型的检测器可被实施为辅助检测器16,用于通过检测在靠近读出器的环境中电感量或电容量的改变来检测物体进入RFID读出器的检测区。同样地,超声和微波运动检测器可提供使用,以及可以被用来替代无源红外检测器16。一般地,无源传感技术(诸如电感性或电容性)通常比有源技术(诸如微波或超声运动传感)更为优选,因为无源检测器一般消耗较少的电功率。为了达到更高的灵敏度和可靠度,可以安装多个辅助检测器16,以及按逻辑“或”的方式连接它们,这样,如果多个辅助检测器中的任一个被激活,就接通RFID读出器。多个辅助检测器也可以按逻辑“与”的方式被连接,这样,RFID读出器只有在辅助检测器都被激活时才接通,以便减少读出器的虚假激活。
虽然为了示例的目的描述和显示了本发明的优选实施例,但显然必须看到,本领域技术人员将很容易对于所描述的实施例作出许多改变、替换和修改,而不背离由后面的权利要求规定的本发明的范围。
Claims (10)
1.低功率射频紧靠式读出器系统,包括:
标签读出器,它通过引起来自读出器的检测区内存在的识别标签的射频应答而检测该识别标签的存在;
辅助检测器,它通过与引起来自一个包括但不限于识别标签的物体的射频应答不同的方式而检测所述物体进入到所述检测区,以及根据所述检测而导出一个使能控制信号;
电源装置,用于向所述标签读出器和所述辅助检测器供电,每个所述检测器和所述标签读出器都具有平均运行功率要求,所述检测器被选定为具有比所述标签读出器小得多的平均运行功率要求;以及
功率切换电路,用于常规地限制从所述电源装置向所述标签读出器提供功率,以及用于在一个受限的时间间隔内根据所述使能控制信号启动向所述标签读出器提供功率;
这样,紧靠式读出器系统的运行功率的节省是通过只在物体进入到标签读出器的检测区后才运行标签读出器而实现的。
2.权利要求1的读出器,其中所述标签读出器具有被连接到天线的发射机电路和接收机电路,它们用于发射射频询问信号和译码由处在标签读出器的所述检测区内的识别标签返回的应答。
3.权利要求1的读出器,其中所述辅助检测器是运动检测器。
4.权利要求3的读出器,其中所述运动检测器是无源红外检测器。
5.权利要求1的读出器,其中所述辅助检测器是从包括红外、电感性、静电、微波和超声检测器的组中选择的。
6.权利要求1的读出器,其中所述受限的时间间隔大约等于发射射频询问信号和接收与译码来自所述检测区中存在的识别标签的应答以及由所述标签读出器执行接入控制功能所需要的时间间隔,这样,标签读出器的运行时间被显著地减小。
7.权利要求1的读出器,其中所述标签读出器提供一个关断控制信号给所述开关,以使得所述标签读出器返回到功率限制状态。
8.权利要求1的读出器,其中所述辅助检测器是一个无源红外辅助检测器,它被加以取向、安排和放置以便考察所述检测区,从而检测一个包括但不限于识别标签的物体进入到所述检测区,以及响应于所述检测而导出一个接通控制信号。
9.运行具有检测区的射频紧靠式读出器的方法,包括以下步骤:
把所述射频紧靠式读出器设置在等待状态;
对物体被引入到所述检测区进行检测,所述检测步骤包括检测所述检测区的特性的改变;以及
如果在检测区中存在识别标签的话,把所述射频读出器激活一段通常足以引起一个来自识别标签的应答的时间间隔;和使得所述射频紧靠式读出器返回到所述等待状态。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述检测步骤包括检测从包括红外背景、微波反射率、超声反射率、电感量和电容量的组中选择的所述检测区的特性的改变。
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US09/299,121 US6150948A (en) | 1999-04-24 | 1999-04-24 | Low-power radio frequency identification reader |
US09/299,121 | 1999-04-24 |
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CN1391686A CN1391686A (zh) | 2003-01-15 |
CN1145128C true CN1145128C (zh) | 2004-04-07 |
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EP (1) | EP1185962B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002543646A (zh) |
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AT (1) | ATE359577T1 (zh) |
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-
1999
- 1999-04-24 US US09/299,121 patent/US6150948A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-04-21 EP EP00928301A patent/EP1185962B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-21 AU AU46559/00A patent/AU761945B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-21 JP JP2000614220A patent/JP2002543646A/ja active Pending
- 2000-04-21 DE DE60034335T patent/DE60034335T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-21 CN CNB008093318A patent/CN1145128C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-21 AT AT00928301T patent/ATE359577T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-21 CA CA002370848A patent/CA2370848C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2000-04-21 WO PCT/US2000/010860 patent/WO2000065551A1/en active Search and Examination
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2001
- 2001-11-16 ZA ZA200109462A patent/ZA200109462B/en unknown
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EP1185962B1 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
EP1185962A4 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
JP2002543646A (ja) | 2002-12-17 |
HK1044210B (zh) | 2007-06-15 |
DE60034335D1 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
WO2000065551A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
US6150948A (en) | 2000-11-21 |
ES2284497T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
CN1391686A (zh) | 2003-01-15 |
CA2370848A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
CA2370848C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
HK1044210A1 (en) | 2002-10-11 |
ATE359577T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
DE60034335T2 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
AU761945B2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
EP1185962A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
AU4655900A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
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