CN114504361A - 一种冲击波装置及球囊导管 - Google Patents

一种冲击波装置及球囊导管 Download PDF

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CN114504361A
CN114504361A CN202111673776.6A CN202111673776A CN114504361A CN 114504361 A CN114504361 A CN 114504361A CN 202111673776 A CN202111673776 A CN 202111673776A CN 114504361 A CN114504361 A CN 114504361A
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electrode
outer electrode
discharge
discharge hole
shock wave
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CN114504361B (zh
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何精才
刘斌
胡军
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Sonosemi Medical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,公开一种冲击波装置及球囊导管。其中冲击波装置包括内管、内电极和外电极。内电极设置于内管的管壁内;外电极套设于内管,外电极设置有放电孔,内管的管壁设置有放电槽,放电槽连接于放电孔,放电槽的内径小于放电孔的内径,且内电极连接于放电槽,放电槽和放电孔形成放电通道。本发明减小了冲击波装置的整体外径,实现了减小球囊导管的外径,提高了球囊导管的通过能力。

Description

一种冲击波装置及球囊导管
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域,尤其涉及一种冲击波装置及球囊导管。
背景技术
一直以来,心血管病都是世界人群死亡的重要原因之一。其中,动脉粥样硬化是由斑块积聚引起的动脉狭窄和硬化疾病的心血管病。这些斑块会阻碍了血液的正常流动,减少了向心脏组织的氧气和营养的供应。斑块的组成通常包含纤维组织、脂肪和钙。血管成形术球囊是用于扩张病灶(例如钙化病灶)并恢复动脉中的正常血流必不可少处器械之一,但对钙化病灶,球囊内部压力通常需要很大,在压力的作用下逐渐扩张,球囊内的压力使得钙化病变破裂,这同时可能对血管造成损伤。
最近,液电碎石技术应用在血管成形术球囊当中,并获得临床认可。它的基本原理是利用一定的电压,在充满液体的球囊内产生气泡,此气泡在极短的时间里坍塌,产生冲击波,从而达到碎石钙化病变组织的目的。一旦钙化斑块破裂,球囊可以进一步膨胀以打通血管。
但是,目前冲击波球囊当中的电极对通常由内电极、外电极组成,内管、内电极和外电极依次沿径向堆叠,且内电极常通过胶黏固定于内管的外壁,即内电极与内管之间产生一层胶黏层,内电极与外电极之间也设置有绝缘层绝缘,当在内管外上下堆叠,造成冲击波导管装置直径较大,且造成球囊整体尺寸显著大于正常球囊,削弱了球囊在血管中的通过能力。
基于此,亟需一种冲击波装置及球囊导管,以解决上述存在的问题。
发明内容
基于以上所述,本发明的目的在于提供一种冲击波装置及球囊导管,减小了冲击波装置的整体外径,实现了减小球囊导管的外径,提高了球囊导管的通过能力。
为达上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面,提供一种冲击波装置,包括:
内管,
内电极,所述内电极设置于所述内管的管壁内;
外电极,所述外电极套设于所述内管,所述外电极设置有放电孔,
所述内管的管壁设置有放电槽,所述放电槽连接于所述放电孔,所述放电槽的内径小于所述放电孔的内径,且所述内电极连接于所述放电槽,所述放电槽和所述放电孔形成放电通道。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,所述外电极为环形,所述外电极的侧壁对称设置有两个所述放电孔,两个所述放电孔均对应设置有所述内电极和所述放电槽。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,所述外电极为多个,多个所述外电极沿所述内管的长度方向间隔设置。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,所述外电极为两个,两个所述外电极串联连接,四个所述内电极分别对应两个所述外电极的四个所述放电孔,以使每个所述放电孔单独进行放电。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,
所述外电极为四个,依次为第一外电极、第二外电极、第三外电极和第四外电极,所述第一外电极和所述第二外电极通过第一导线串联连接,所述第三外电极和所述第四外电极通过第二导线串联连接;所述第一外电极和所述第二外电极设置有避让所述第二导线的避让缺口;
所述内电极为四个,依次为第一内电极、第二内电极、第三内电极和第四内电极,所述第一内电极连接于所述第一外电极和所述第三外电极的其中一个放电孔,所述第二内电极连接于所述第一外电极和所述第三外电极的另一个放电孔,所述第三内电极连接于所述第二外电极和所述第四外电极的其中一个放电孔,所述第四内电极连接于所述第二外电极和所述第四外电极的另一个放电孔。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,相邻所述外电极的所述放电孔的朝向相互垂直。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,所述放电通道通过激光切割或机械加工方法制成。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,所述外电极通过压接、粘结或过盈配合安装于所述内管的外壁。
作为一种冲击波装置的优选技术方案,所述内电极与所述内管之间通过注塑工艺、包覆工艺或挤出工艺一体成型。
另一方面,提供一种球囊导管,包括球囊和以上任一方案所述的冲击波装置,所述球囊内充满液体,所述冲击波装置设置于所述球囊内。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供一种冲击波装置,其中内电极设置在内管的管壁内,外电极套设于内管,通过内管将内电极和外电极间隔开,使其不接触,因此内管的外壁仅堆叠有外电极,相对于现有技术中内管、内电极和外电极依次沿径向堆叠的方式,本发明减小了冲击波装置的整体外径,提高了球囊的通过能力。工作时,内电极和外电极通电,施加高压,内电极与外电极之间的空隙被击穿,使放电槽和放电孔形成的放电通道产生气泡,气泡在极短的时间里坍塌,产生冲击波,从而达到碎石钙化病变组织的目的。
本发明还提供一种球囊导管,包括球囊和上述的冲击波装置,所述球囊内充满液体,所述冲击波装置设置于所述球囊内,解决了现有技术中球囊外径过大的问题,实现了减小球囊导管的外径,提高了球囊导管的通过能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据本发明实施例的内容和这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例一提供的冲击波装置的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例一提供的冲击波装置的部分结构剖视图;
图3是本发明实施例二提供的冲击波装置的结构示意图;
图4是图3在A处的放大图;
图5是本发明实施例三提供的球囊导管的结构示意图。
图中标记如下:
10、球囊;
1、内管;11、放电槽;
2、内电极;21、第一内电极;22、第二内电极;23、第三内电极;24、第四内电极;
3、外电极;31、放电孔;32、避让缺口;33、第一外电机;34、第二外电极;35、第三外电极;36、第四外电极;
4、第一导线;5、第二导线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本发明的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触,也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中,术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述和简化操作,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分,并没有特殊的含义。
如图1和图2所示,本实施例提供一种冲击波装置,该冲击波装置包括内管1、内电极2和外电极3。
具体地,内电极2设置于内管1的管壁内;外电极3套设于内管1,外电极3设置有放电孔31,内管1的管壁设置有放电槽11,放电槽11连接于放电孔31,放电槽11的内径小于放电孔31的内径,且内电极2连接于放电槽11,此时,放电槽11与放电孔31的内壁之间存在绝缘的间隙,该间隙使内电极2和外电极3之间能过高压击穿进行放电,放电槽11和放电孔31形成放电通道。由于内电极2设置在内管1的管壁内,外电极3套设于内管1,通过内管1将内电极和外电极间隔开,使其不接触,因此内管1的外壁仅堆叠有外电极3,相对于现有技术中内管、内电极和外电极依次沿径向堆叠的方式,本发明减小了冲击波装置的整体外径,提高了球囊的通过能力。工作时,内电极2和外电极3通电,施加高压,内电极与外电极之间的空隙被击穿,使放电槽11和放电孔31形成的放电通道产生气泡,气泡在极短的时间里坍塌,产生冲击波,从而达到碎石钙化病变组织的目的。
为了便于加工,内电极2可以与整个内管1的长度一致,内电极2沿内管1的轴向设置于内管1的管壁内,内电极2伸出于内管1,伸出的内电极2与导线连接。优选地,内电极2伸出内管1的部分具有绝缘涂层,绝缘涂层为PTFE、PI或Parylene等,且上述材料为现有技术。进一步地,本实施例中,内电极2与内管1之间通过注塑工艺、包覆工艺或挤出工艺一体成型,内电极2安装结构稳固,防止在多次放电的情况下松动。
需要说明的是,内电极2与导线连在一起后埋在内管1的管壁里,套上外电极3,在外电极3中间通过激光等手段加工放电通道,内管1的外表面的材料去除,暴露出内电极2。
进一步地,外电极3通过压接、粘结或过盈配合等方式安装于内管1的外壁。内电极2、外电极3和内管1组装后,放电通道能够通过激光切割或机械加工等方法制成。优选地,外电极3为环形,外电极3的侧壁对称设置有两个放电孔31,两个放电孔31均对应设置有内电极2和放电槽11。通过控制预设内电极2的通断电,两个放电孔31对应的放电通道也可单独工作,达到碎石钙化病变组织的目的;当然,两个放电孔31对应的放电通道可同时工作,同时产生冲击波,提高治疗效果。
根据不同的患者,病变部位不同,为了满足多个病变部位的需求,外电极3为多个,多个外电极3沿内管1的长度方向间隔设置,外电极3的设置位置根据病变部位的需求进行设计。其中,多个外电极3可同时工作,也可单独进行工作,对病变部位针对性治疗,提高治疗效率,减少手术时间。
本实施例中,外电极3为两个,两个外电极3串联连接,四个内电极2分别对应两个外电极3的四个放电孔31,以使每个放电孔31单独进行放电。
优选地,相邻外电极3的放电孔31的朝向相互垂直,以使冲击波装置能够对不同方向的病变部位进行冲击波治疗,提高冲击波装置的适配性。
实施例二
如图3和图4所示,本实施例提供一种冲击波装置,该冲击波装置包括内管1、内电极2和外电极3,且本实施例提供的冲击波装置的结构与实施例一基本相同,仅外电极3和内电极2的结构和数量不同,本实施例不再对与实施例一相同的结构进行赘述。
本实施例中,外电极3为四个,依次为第一外电极33、第二外电极34、第三外电极35和第四外电极36,第一外电极33和第二外电极34通过第一导线4串联连接,第三外电极35和第四外电极36通过第二导线5串联连接;第一外电极33和第二外电极34设置有避让第二导线5的避让缺口32,便于第二导线5穿设;内电极2为四个,依次为第一内电极21、第二内电极22、第三内电极23和第四内电极24,第一内电极21连接于第一外电极33和第三外电极35的其中一个放电孔31,即第一外电极33和第三外电极35二者的一个放电孔31通过第一内电级21进行串联,第二内电极22连接于第一外电极33和第三外电极35的另一个放电孔31,即第一外电极33和第三外电极35二者的另一个放电孔31通过第二内电级22进行串联,第三内电极23连接于第二外电极34和第四外电极36的其中一个放电孔31,即第二外电极34和第四外电极36二者的一个放电孔31通过第三内电极23进行串联,第四内电极24连接于第二外电极34和第四外电极36的另一个放电孔31,即第二外电极34和第四外电极36二者的另一个放电孔31通过第四内电极24进行串联。本实施例通过控制第一导线4、第二导线5以及四个内电极2的通断电,实现了八个放电通道均能够单独进行工作。
实施例三
如图5所示,本实施例提供一种球囊导管,包括球囊10以及实施例一或实施例二中的冲击波装置,球囊10内充满液体,冲击波装置设置于球囊10内。解决了现有技术中球囊外径过大的问题,实现了减小球囊导管的外径,提高了球囊导管的通过能力。
注意,上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解,本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例,对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此,虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明,但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例,在不脱离本发明构思的情况下,还可以包括更多其他等效实施例,而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (10)

1.一种冲击波装置,其特征在于,包括:
内管(1);
内电极(2),所述内电极(2)设置于所述内管(1)的管壁内;
外电极(3),所述外电极(3)套设于所述内管(1),所述外电极(3)设置有放电孔(31),
所述内管(1)的管壁设置有放电槽(11),所述放电槽(11)连接于所述放电孔(31),所述放电槽(11)的内径小于所述放电孔(31)的内径,且所述内电极(2)连接于所述放电槽(11),所述放电槽(11)和所述放电孔(31)形成放电通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,所述外电极(3)为环形,所述外电极(3)的侧壁对称设置有两个所述放电孔(31),两个所述放电孔(31)均对应设置有所述内电极(2)和所述放电槽(11)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,所述外电极(3)为多个,多个所述外电极(3)沿所述内管(1)的长度方向间隔设置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,所述外电极(3)为两个,两个所述外电极(3)串联连接,四个所述内电极(2)分别对应两个所述外电极(3)的四个所述放电孔(31),以使每个所述放电孔(31)单独进行放电。
5.根据权利要求3所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,
所述外电极(3)为四个,依次为第一外电极(33)、第二外电极(34)、第三外电极(35)和第四外电极(36),所述第一外电极(33)和所述第二外电极(34)通过第一导线(4)串联连接,所述第三外电极(35)和所述第四外电极(36)通过第二导线(5)串联连接;所述第一外电极(33)和所述第二外电极(34)设置有避让所述第二导线(5)的避让缺口(32);
所述内电极(2)为四个,依次为第一内电极(21)、第二内电极(22)、第三内电极(23)和第四内电极(24),所述第一内电极(21)连接于所述第一外电极(33)和所述第三外电极(35)的其中一个所述放电孔(31),所述第二内电极(22)连接于所述第一外电极(33)和所述第三外电极(35)的另一个所述放电孔(31),所述第三内电极(23)连接于所述第二外电极(34)和所述第四外电极(36)的其中一个所述放电孔(31),所述第四内电极(24)连接于所述第二外电极(34)和所述第四外电极(36)的另一个所述放电孔(31)。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,相邻所述外电极(3)的所述放电孔(31)的朝向相互垂直。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,所述放电通道通过激光切割或机械加工方法制成。
8.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,所述外电极(3)通过压接、粘结或过盈配合安装于所述内管(1)的外壁。
9.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的冲击波装置,其特征在于,所述内电极(2)与所述内管(1)之间通过注塑工艺、包覆工艺或挤出工艺一体成型。
10.一种球囊导管,其特征在于,包括球囊(10)和如权利要求1-9任一项所述的冲击波装置,所述球囊(10)内充满液体,所述冲击波装置设置于所述球囊(10)内。
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