CN1145002C - 包括空气压缩机和氮产品压缩机的空气分离装置 - Google Patents

包括空气压缩机和氮产品压缩机的空气分离装置 Download PDF

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CN1145002C
CN1145002C CNB981183557A CN98118355A CN1145002C CN 1145002 C CN1145002 C CN 1145002C CN B981183557 A CNB981183557 A CN B981183557A CN 98118355 A CN98118355 A CN 98118355A CN 1145002 C CN1145002 C CN 1145002C
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B·A·克南
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04127—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04139—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04569—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for enhanced or tertiary oil recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle

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Abstract

一种空气分离装置2包括空气压缩机4、用于驱动空气压缩机4的燃气轮机10、氮产品压缩机6、和用于驱动氮产品压缩机6的汽轮机14。所述的汽轮机形成为包括蒸汽发生器22的回路的一部分，在所述的回路中能通过水与从燃气轮机10或从另外的燃气轮机中排出的热烟气进行热交换而产生蒸汽。

Description

包括空气压缩机和氮产品压缩机的空气分离装置
本发明涉及一种空气分离装置。
空气分离装置除了一台或多台空气压缩机外通常还配置有产品压缩机。在每天生产1000吨以上产品的大型空气分离装置中，分离通常是采用精馏法来进行的。
US-A-4382366涉及一种生产氧气产品的空气分离装置。氧产品压缩机是直接由汽轮机驱动的。从分离氧产品的精馏塔中抽取出含有足够助燃氧气的废氮气流且在不被进一步压缩的情况下被引入到燃烧燃料气的燃烧室内。烟气在涡轮膨胀机内膨胀。通过与来自空气分离装置的烟气的热交换而产生被供给到蒸汽轮机的蒸汽，蒸汽轮机和涡轮压缩机被相互耦合在一起。这样的装置不能大量地生产氮气产品。
最大的空气分离装置每天生产的高压氮产品至少为10000吨。因此，需要大型的氮产品压缩机。通常，这样的压缩机是由电动机驱动的。这样的电动机较为笨重，而且电动机起动时容易出问题。因此，一般要设置专用的起动电机。
本发明的目的在于提供一种空气分离装置，这种空气分离装置不需要用于空气压缩机或是产品氮压缩机的电动机的。
根据本发明所提供的空气分离装置包括空气压缩机、被用来驱动空气压缩机的燃气轮机、产品氮压缩机和被用来驱动产品氮压缩机的汽轮机，其中汽轮机成为回路的一部分，而在所述的回路中蒸汽是通过使水与燃气轮机排出的热废气进行热交换而产生的。
本发明的空气分离装置具有很多优点：第一，不需要驱动空气压缩机和产品压缩机的大型电动机。第二，蒸汽循环操作比燃料燃烧直接产生蒸汽的操作效率更高。第三，如果所需要的产品压力在生产周期内很可能发生变化的话，利用汽轮机来驱动产品氮压缩机其调节产品压力的灵活性要高于使用电动机的调压灵活性。
被用来驱动空气压缩机的燃气轮机最好是产生所述的热烟气的相同的燃气轮机。
最好，空气分离装置另外还包括适于起动空气压缩机操作的另外的汽轮机。该另外的汽轮机优选被处于起动回路中，所述的起动回路包括被用来向另外的汽轮机供应高压蒸汽的锅炉和被用来冷凝从另外的汽轮机中排出的膨胀蒸汽的冷凝器。
该空气分离装置通常还包括从空气中除去水蒸汽和二氧化碳的吸收装置，将空气温度降至空气能够进行精馏分离的热交换器，至少为一座的从空气中分离出氮的精馏塔，和至少为一台的用于制冷的涡轮膨胀机。最好，精馏塔是一座双塔式精馏塔，该双精馏塔包括由高压级、低压级和被热连接到高压级上部区和低压级下部区的冷凝器-再沸器，其配置是这样的以便使冷凝器在运行过程中向双塔式精馏塔的两级提供回流。如果需要的话，为了使从精馏塔抽取氮气位置处的平均压力达到最大，可以从低压级和高压级取出氮气流。为了增加所产生的回流率，可对从低压级取出的部分氮蒸汽进行冷凝并将其回供至低压级。通过从低压级底部抽取一股富氧液体来提供辅助冷凝所必须的冷却，降低其压力并从而降低其温度，并且使降压的富氧液态流与被冷凝的氮气进行热交换。
现在参照附图和实施例对本发明的空气分离装置进行说明，该附图是空气分离装置和相关发电装置的示意性流程图。
附图未按照比例。
现参看附图，其中所示的2是精馏分离空气的空气分离装置。装置2提供高压氮产品。它包括主空气压缩机4(通常包括多级压缩段)和氮产品压缩机6(也包括多级压缩段)。为了便于说明起见，空气分离装置的其余部分由在附图中以标记8表示的矩形框来代替，此处无须作进一步的说明，因为它们属于公知技术，并且本发明主要涉及的是压缩机4和6的运行。
在正常运行中，空气压缩机4是由燃气轮机10驱动的，优选是通过配置的齿轮12驱动的。在图1中没有示出燃气轮机10的各组件，但它通常包括单独的空气压缩机，具有(来自空气压缩机的)空气入口和燃料入口的燃烧室和使从燃烧室流出的燃烧产物膨胀的涡轮膨胀机。涡轮膨胀机和单独的空气压缩机一般被安装在同一根轴上。
产品氮压缩机6是由汽轮机14驱动的，最好是通过配置的齿轮16驱动的。蒸汽在一个其中汽轮机成为其一部分的回路内流动。首先从汽轮机的蒸汽出口说起，该回路包括水冷凝器18，贮水箱20，热回收蒸汽发生器22和通向汽轮机14的入口。在运行过程中，从涡轮机14流出的蒸汽在冷凝器18内冷凝并流到水箱20。水被泵(图中未示出)增压并泵送至蒸汽发生器22而在其中被过热，由于增压水和来自燃气轮机10的热烟气进行间接的热交换而产生高压蒸汽。来自涡轮机10的热烟气在蒸汽发生器22的下游经烟囱24被排入到大气中。
空气分离装置从起动至稳定的运行状态一般需要几个小时。因此氮压缩机6通常是在启动空气压缩机4之后起动的。因此，如果使用燃气轮机10来起动空气压缩机4的话，则需要配置另外的蒸汽发生器22来冷却从燃气轮机10流出的热烟气。如图中所示，空气压缩机4还与汽轮机26同步地操作。在空气分离装置2的起动期内操作汽轮机26，而或如图中所示直接地或通过配置的齿轮(图中未示出)驱动空气压缩机4。为了产生汽轮机26所需的蒸汽而设置一台起动锅炉28，在其中通过燃烧合适的燃料(例如天然气)直接将蒸汽加热到所需的温度和压力。此外，汽轮机26还有一个与其相连的起动冷凝器30以冷凝从汽轮机26流出的蒸汽。该配置是使锅炉28接受来自水箱20的水并在其中产生蒸汽。蒸汽在涡轮机26内膨胀而膨胀后的蒸汽在冷凝器30内被冷凝并返回到水箱20。一般说，要使用一台辅助水泵(图中未示出)将水以一定压力从水箱20泵送至锅炉28。
尽管上述的机器并不需要任何电源来向它们提供驱动电力，但需要电源向水泵(图中未示出)供电和控制锅炉28的运行。图中所示的装置可能需要在没有电力供应的现埸运行。为了产生所需的电力，因此可能需运行另外一台或几台的燃气轮机。如图所示，设有二台燃气轮机32。每台燃气轮机通过配置的齿轮36驱动一台发电机34。发电机34向电气系统38供给电力，该电气系统38向水泵(图中未示出)和其它与图中示出的装置相关的辅助系统供电并可作其它用途。特别是，在为提高油品回收率需要生产出大量氮气的需要运行如图示的许多同类装置时。可以使用燃气轮机32向这些其它装置的水泵和其它辅助部件提供电力。
时附图中所示的装置可作各种变化和改进。例如，在提高油气回收率的过程中，通常期望有压力超过100巴的可用氮气源。具体地说，为了提供这样的压力而使用一台与产品氮压缩机6相串联的另外的多级氮压缩机(图中未示出)。该另外的多级氮压缩机可由汽轮机14经分开配置的齿轮(图中未示出)来驱动。另一种方式是，为此目的而提供另外汽轮机(图中未示出)，并可由蒸汽发生器20提供高压过热蒸汽，且可将从汽轮机中排出的蒸汽返回到水冷凝器18。
具体地说，从空气分离装置2向产品氮压缩机6提供增压至3～6巴的氮气。如果需要的话，可以从空气分离装置2向压缩机6的中级段提供压力超过10巴的另一股氮气流。

Claims (3)

1.一种包括空气压缩机和氮产品压缩机的空气分离装置，其特征在于它另外还包括用于驱动空气压缩机的燃气轮机和用于驱动氮产品压缩机的汽轮机，其中汽轮机形成为在其中通过水与来自燃气轮机的热烟气进行热交换而能够产生蒸汽的回路的一部分，另外还包括适于起动空气压缩机的另一台汽轮机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气分离装置，其中用于驱动空气压缩机的所述的燃气轮机是与排出热烟气的燃气轮机相同的燃气轮机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空气分离装置，其中所述的另一台汽轮机被处于包括锅炉和冷凝器的起动回路中，所述的锅炉向该另一台汽轮机提供高压蒸汽，而所述的冷凝器用于冷凝从所述的另一台汽轮机排出的膨胀蒸汽。
CNB981183557A 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 包括空气压缩机和氮产品压缩机的空气分离装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1145002C (zh)

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GBGB9717349.6A GB9717349D0 (en) 1997-08-15 1997-08-15 Air separation plant
GB9717349.6 1997-08-15

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CN1208846A CN1208846A (zh) 1999-02-24
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CN101029598B (zh) * 2006-02-28 2014-06-11 通用电气公司 用于燃气涡轮机控制的可变抽吸的方法及系统

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CN1208846A (zh) 1999-02-24
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