CN1122808C - 包括空气压缩机和产品氮压缩机的空气分离装置 - Google Patents

包括空气压缩机和产品氮压缩机的空气分离装置 Download PDF

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CN1122808C
CN1122808C CN98118353A CN98118353A CN1122808C CN 1122808 C CN1122808 C CN 1122808C CN 98118353 A CN98118353 A CN 98118353A CN 98118353 A CN98118353 A CN 98118353A CN 1122808 C CN1122808 C CN 1122808C
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B·A·克南
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/0403—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04127—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04139—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04569—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for enhanced or tertiary oil recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/915—Combustion

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Abstract

一种空气分离装置2包括产品氮压缩机6、燃气轮机16和汽轮机18，燃气轮机16和汽轮机与产品氮压缩机6同步地操作以便能驱动产品氮压缩机6。汽轮机18具有与蒸汽发生器32相通的入口，蒸汽发生器32被用来从燃气轮机16中回收热量。该空气分离装置还包括空气压缩机4，空气压缩机4通常与燃气轮机10和汽轮机12同步地操作。汽轮机12具有与蒸汽发生器24相通的入口，蒸汽发生器24被用来从燃气轮机10中回收热量。

Description

包括空气压缩机和产品氮压缩机的空气分离装置
本发明涉及气体分离技术，特别是涉及空气分离装置。
空气分离装置除了一台或多台空气压缩机外通常需配置产品压缩机。在每天生产1000吨以上产品的大型装置中，空气分离通常是通过精馏法来进行的。
US-A-4382366涉及一种生产氧气产品的空气分离装置。氧产品压缩机直接由汽轮机驱动。从分离氧产品的精馏塔中抽取出含有足够助燃氧气的废氮气流且在不进一步压缩的情况下被引入到燃烧燃料气的燃烧室内。烟气在涡轮膨胀机内膨胀。通过与来自涡轮膨胀机的烟气的热交换而产生被供给到蒸汽轮机中蒸汽。氧产品压缩机、空气分离装置的空气压缩机、蒸汽轮机和涡轮压缩机均相互被耦合在一起。这样的装置不能大量地生产氮气产品。
最大的装置每天生产的高压的产品氮至少为10000吨。因此，需要大型产品氮压缩机。通常，这样的压缩机是由电动机驱动的。这样的电动机通常是笨重的，而且电动机起动时容易出问题。因此，一般要设置另外的起动电机。
本发明目的在于提供一种空气分离装置，这种空气分离装置不需要驱动产品氮压缩机的电动机。
根据本发明提供的空气分离装置包括产品氮压缩机、燃气轮机和汽轮机，其中的燃气轮机和汽轮机与产品氮压缩机同时操作以便驱动产品氮压缩机，其中汽轮机具有与蒸汽发生器相通的入口，所述的蒸汽发生器被用于从燃气轮机中回收热量。
本发明的空气分离装置通常具有很多优点：第一，不需要大型电动机驱动所述的压缩机。第二，能在比燃烧燃料直接产生蒸汽的循环更有效地操作的循环中产生蒸汽。第三，如果要求在生产期内变化产品氮压力的话，利用汽轮机和燃气轮机来驱动产品氮压缩机要比使用电动机驱动产品氮压缩机其调节产品压力的灵活性为更高。
本发明还提供一种包括空气压缩机、第一燃气轮机、第一汽轮机、产品氮压缩机、第二燃气轮机和第二汽轮机的空气分离装置，空气压缩机与第一燃气轮机和第一汽轮机同步地操作，产品氮压缩机与第二燃气轮机和第二汽轮机同步地操作，其中第一汽轮机具有一个与第一蒸汽发生器相通的入口、第二汽轮机具有一个与第二蒸汽发生器相通的入口，第一蒸汽发生器适于从第一燃气轮机中回收热，而第二蒸汽发生器适于从第二燃气轮机中回收热。
通过被燃气轮机和汽轮机的组合驱动的空气压缩机和产品氮压缩机设置使有可能以从本发明的空气分离装置中去掉大型电动机。
如果本发明的空气分离装置所处的现埸具有充分的电供应的话，这样的电供应可用来向空气分离装置中的任何部件供电，例如，向被用来增压并向蒸汽发生器供水的水泵供电，在蒸汽发生器中产生在汽轮机内中膨胀的蒸汽。如果不能获得这样的充分电供应的话，则可在现埸建设一座合适的电站。如果需要，所需的发电机可由至少一台的另外的燃气轮机来驱动。另一种办法是，使用至少一台的汽轮机。如果需要，本发明的空气分离装置可以与驱动发电机的汽轮机一起共用产汽设备。如果采用这样的布置的话，产汽设备优选包括初始产汽的起动锅炉。一旦当从与压缩机相连的燃气轮机的热烟气中回收热量的蒸汽发生器达到正常运行时，起动锅炉就可停止运行。
本发明的空气分离装置通常另外还包括从压缩空气中除去水蒸汽和二氧化碳的吸收装置、将空气温度降至空气能够被精馏分离的热交换器、至少为一座的从空气中分离氮的精馏塔、和至少为一台的制冷用的涡轮膨胀机。最好，精馏塔是双塔型精馏塔，这种双精馏塔包括高压级、低压级和热连接高压级上部区和低压级下部区的冷凝器-再沸器，由于这样的配置以便在运行过程中使冷凝器向双精馏塔的两级提供回流。如果需要，为了使从精馏塔抽取氮气位置处的平均压力达到最大，可以从低压级和高压级取出氮气流。为了增加所产生的回流率，可对从低压级取出的部分氮蒸汽进行冷凝并回供至低压级。通过从低压级底部抽取一股富氧液体来提供辅助冷凝所必须的冷却，降低其压力并从而降低其温度，并且使降压的富氧液态流与被冷凝的氮气进行热交换。
现在通过实施例并参照附图对本发明的空气分离装置进行说明，其中：
图1是第一空气分离装置和相关发电装置的示意性流程图。
图2是第二空气分离装置和相关发电装置的示意性流程图。
附图未按比例。
图中类似部件用相同的标号表示。
现参看附图1，该图显示用于精馏分离空气的空气分离装置2。装置2被用来提供高压的氮产品。它包括主空气压缩机4(通常包括许多压缩段)和氮产品压缩机6(也包括许多压缩段)。空气分离装置2的其余部件由附图中的标记8表示。为便于图示，其余部件用矩形框来代替，在此处不进一步说明，因为它们均属于公知技术，且本发明主要涉及压缩机4和6的操作。
在正常操作的图1所示的装置中，空气压缩机4是由第一燃气轮机10和第一汽轮机12通过配置的齿轮机构14驱动的。在图1中没有示出燃气轮机10的各组件，但它通常包括独立的空气压缩机、具有(来自空气压缩机的)空气入口和燃气入口的燃烧室和使从燃烧室流出的燃烧产物膨胀的涡轮膨胀机。一般说，构成燃气轮机10一部分的独立的空气压缩机、构成燃气轮机10一部分的涡轮膨胀机、和汽轮机都安装在同一根轴上。然而，还可作出另外的配置。例如，将燃气轮机和汽轮机安装在不同的轴上和两者可通过配置的齿轮机构驱动空气压缩机4。
在正常运行过程中，产品氮压缩机6由第二燃气轮机16和第二汽轮机18驱动。如图1中所示，第二燃气轮机16可通过配置的齿轮机构20输出其驱动力，而第二汽轮机可被直接连接到产品氮压缩机6。然而，还可作出另外的配置。例如，可通过配置的齿轮机构将它们两者连接到产品氮压缩机6。
被供入到第一汽轮机12的蒸汽在包括盛水的容器22的回路中流动，容器22具有一个通过泵(图中未示出)而与热回收型蒸汽发生器24相通的出口。在运行过程中，过热的高压蒸汽流到汽轮机12并在其中膨胀。膨胀后的蒸汽流到水冷凝器26并在其中被冷凝，冷凝器向容器22供应冷凝的蒸汽。在蒸汽发生器24中通过在来自燃气轮机12的涡轮机膨胀机的热烟气与高压水之间进行热交换而产生过热蒸汽。来自涡轮机的热烟气通过蒸汽发生器24而在其路径的下游经烟囱28排入到大气。使用燃气轮机10和汽轮机12来驱动空气压缩机4的优点在于能够缩小燃气轮机的尺寸。
第二汽轮机18在一个与汽轮机12成为其一部分的回路相类似的回路中运行。水泵将容器22中的水在一定压力下泵送到热回收型第二蒸汽发生器32。在蒸汽发生器32中产生过热蒸汽并将其供入到汽轮机18的入口。膨胀的蒸汽从第二汽轮机18流出并在冷凝器34内冷凝。所得到的冷凝液被返回到容器22。在第二蒸汽发生器32内通过高压水与来自第二燃气轮机16的涡轮机膨胀机的热烟气进行热交换而产生蒸汽。热烟气在蒸汽发生器32的下游经烟囱36被排入到大气中。
尽管上述的机器并不需要任何的电力供应来驱动，但需要对水泵和其它辅助设备供电。图1中所示的装置可能需要在没有充分电力供应的现埸运行。为了产生所需的电力，可以操作一台或多台另外的燃气轮机。如图1中所示，设有二台另外的燃气轮机40。每台燃气轮机40通过配置的齿轮机构44驱动一台发电机42。发电机42向电气系统46供应电力。电气系统46向水泵(图中未示出)和其它与图1中示出的装置相关的辅助系统供电以及用于其它用途。特别是，在为提高油品回收率而需要生产出大量氮气时，可能需要开动多台如图中所示的相同装置。燃气轮机40可被用来向这些其它装置的水泵和其它辅助部件提供电力。
对附图1中所示的装置可作出各种变化和改进。例如，在提高油气回收率的过程中通常期望有压力超过100巴的可用的氮源。具体地说，为了提供这样的压力而使用与产品氮压缩机6串联的另外的多级氮压缩机(图中未示出)。所述的另外的多级氮压缩机可由第二燃气轮机16和第二汽轮机18经单独配置的齿轮机构(图中未示出)来驱动。另一种方式是，为此目的可提供另外的汽轮机(图中未示出)和另外的燃气轮机(图中未示出)的组合并可提供高压过热蒸汽。
一般说，从空气分离装置2向产品氮压缩机6提供增压至3～6巴的氮气。如果需要的话，可以从气体分离装置2向压缩机6的中级提供压力超过10巴的另一股氮气流。
现参看附图2，该图示出了改进的图1装置。在此改型装置中，用汽轮机52代替图1的燃气轮机42。每台汽轮机52均有与其相连的水冷凝器54。从蒸汽发生器24和32向汽轮机52供入高压过热蒸汽。来自汽轮机52的膨胀蒸汽在冷凝器54内被冷凝并返回到水箱22。为了便于起动该装置，而设置一台起动锅炉56。一般说，起动锅炉56接收来自水箱22内的水并产生被供入到汽轮机52的蒸汽。这样就能发电并将电输送给主产汽回路中的水泵(图中未示出)。然后开始燃气轮机10和16的操作。从这些燃气轮机排出的热气中回收热量，利用这些热量来产生足够的蒸汽以驱动汽轮机12和18。一旦当汽轮机12和18达到满负荷运行时，起动锅炉即可关闭。
通常使用一台辅助电动水泵将水箱22内的水供入到起动锅炉5。由于不能立即从发电机42获取电力，因此优选的起动过程应包括使用一台柴油发电机(图中未示出)以操作起动蒸汽回路中需要电力的辅助电动水泵和其它任何装置。柴油发电机基本上随着起动锅炉56的关闭而同步地停止运行。

Claims (5)

1.一种包括空气压缩机和产品氮压缩机的空气分离装置，其特征在于它还包括第一燃气轮机、第一汽轮机、第二燃气轮机和第二汽轮机、可与第一燃气轮机和第一汽轮机同步地操作的空气压缩机、可与第二燃气轮机和第二汽轮机同步地操作的产品氮压缩机，其中第一汽轮机具有一个与第一蒸汽发生器相通的入口、第二汽轮机具有一个与第二蒸汽发生器相通的入口，第一蒸汽发生器被用来从第一燃气轮机中回收热量，而第二蒸汽发生器被用来从第二燃气轮机中回收热量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气分离装置，另外还包括至少为一台的另外的燃气轮机，所述的另外的燃气轮机与至少为一台的向所述的气体分离装置供电的发电机的运行相关。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空气分离装置，另外还包括至少为一台的另外的汽轮机，所述的另外的汽轮机与至少为一台的向所述的气体分离装置供电的发电机的运行相关。
4.根据权利要求3所述的空气分离装置，其中配置第一和第二蒸汽发生器以便能向所述的另外的汽轮机供应蒸汽。
5.根据权利要求4所述的空气分离装置，另外还包括产生蒸汽而使所述的另外的汽轮机开始运行的起动锅炉。
CN98118353A 1997-08-15 1998-08-14 包括空气压缩机和产品氮压缩机的空气分离装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1122808C (zh)

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