CN114499425A - High-stability differential common-source amplifier based on neutralization capacitor - Google Patents
High-stability differential common-source amplifier based on neutralization capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114499425A CN114499425A CN202210020036.0A CN202210020036A CN114499425A CN 114499425 A CN114499425 A CN 114499425A CN 202210020036 A CN202210020036 A CN 202210020036A CN 114499425 A CN114499425 A CN 114499425A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/45—Differential amplifiers
- H03F3/45071—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/45479—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection
- H03F3/45484—Differential amplifiers with semiconductor devices only characterised by the way of common mode signal rejection in differential amplifiers with bipolar transistors as the active amplifying circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
- H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/30—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters
- H03F1/302—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of variations of temperature or supply voltage or other physical parameters in bipolar transistor amplifiers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and provides a high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor, which is used for solving the problems of common-mode stability of the differential common-source amplifier using the neutralization capacitor and process deviation sensitivity of the neutralization capacitor in the prior art. The invention consists of two parts: the common-source differential transistor pair M1 and M2 is used as a stability enhancement structure formed by transistors M3 and M4 for a neutralization capacitor and a common-mode inductor L, the transistors M3 and M4 are used as the neutralization capacitors, the sensitivity of the capacitors to the deviation of a production process is effectively reduced, and the common-mode inductor L to the ground is introduced into a common-source node of the differential transistor pair M1 and M2, so that the common-mode stability of the amplifier is greatly improved; at the same time, the performance of the amplifier is not reduced. Therefore, the problems of common-mode stability and process deviation sensitivity of the differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitor are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, relates to structural innovation of a front-end amplifier of a radio frequency millimeter wave transceiver, and particularly relates to a high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, people put forward a series of requirements on millimeter wave transceivers, such as higher frequency, smaller size, lower power consumption, higher reliability, and the like. As a core module in the millimeter wave transceiver, a Power Amplifier (PA) is mainly used to amplify a low-power RF signal provided by the radio frequency transceiver, so as to obtain enough output power to feed to an antenna and transmit the RF signal outwards.
The common-source amplifier using the neutralization capacitor is a common structure of the millimeter-wave amplifier, and the circuit diagram of the common-source amplifier is shown in fig. 1; however, this structure also has a number of problems: firstly, the amplifier using the neutral capacitor only improves the differential mode stability, an additional means is needed for improving the common mode stability of the amplifier, theoretically, the differential amplifier does not have a common mode signal, but because the imbalance of the amplifier input balun in the actual design causes the circuit to have the common mode signal inevitably, and how to improve the common mode stability of the amplifier is a problem that designers need to consider; secondly, the capacitance value of the neutralization capacitor is very sensitive, and a capacitance value interval exists in the neutralization capacitor, the gain and the stability of the amplifier can be improved by the neutralization capacitor in the interval range, but the self-oscillation of the amplifier can be generated when the capacitance value of the neutralization capacitor exceeds or is lower than the interval, the circuit cannot work normally, the capacitance value of the neutralization capacitor is usually dozens of femtofarads, and the capacitance value of the neutralization capacitor easily exceeds the allowable interval range due to process deviation in the semiconductor production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stability-enhanced millimeter wave differential common-source amplifier structure aiming at the problem of instability of a traditional differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor under millimeter wave frequency; the transistor self-capacitance is used as the neutralization capacitance, the PVT characteristics (the process deviation resistance characteristic and the temperature change resistance characteristic) of the neutralization capacitance are improved, and based on the characteristic that the transistor used as the neutralization capacitance and the transistor used as the amplification unit are synchronously influenced by the process deviation, the sensitivity of the neutralization capacitance to the process deviation is effectively reduced, namely, the stability of the device is effectively improved; meanwhile, a common-mode inductor is introduced into a common-source grounding end of the common-source amplifier, so that common-mode signals in the differential circuit are suppressed, and the common-mode stability of the amplifier is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor comprises: a differential transistor pair M1 and M2; wherein the differential common-source amplifier further comprises: the transistor M3, the transistor M4 and the common mode inductor L, the differential transistor pair M1 is connected with the source of the transistor M2, the common source node is connected with the common mode inductor L to the ground, the gate of the transistor M3 is connected with the gate of the transistor M1, the drain of the transistor M3 is connected with the source and is connected with the drain of the transistor M2, the gate of the transistor M4 is connected with the gate of the transistor M2, and the drain of the transistor M4 is connected with the source and is connected with the drain of the transistor M1.
Further, the transistor M3 and the transistor M4 have the same structural size.
Further, the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the drain of the transistor M2 and leads to a positive output terminal (OUT +), the drain of the transistor M1 is connected to the gate of the transistor M2 and leads to a negative output terminal (OUT-), the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the positive input terminal (IN +), and the gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the negative input terminal (IN-).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor, which reduces the process sensitivity by introducing a transistor as a capacitor on the basis of the traditional differential common-source amplifier structure based on the neutralization capacitor, improves the common-mode stability of the amplifier by introducing a common-mode inductance to the ground at a common-source node, and simultaneously effectively ensures the performance of the amplifier.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional common source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic current flow diagram of a conventional common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a conventional neutralization capacitor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transistor capacitance of the high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitance according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of common mode stability of the high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitance in the embodiment of the present invention and the comparative example.
Fig. 7 is a gain comparison graph of the high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitor in the embodiment of the invention and the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present embodiment provides a high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor, a schematic circuit diagram of which is shown in fig. 4 and is composed of two parts: the first part is a differential transistor pair M1 and M2 of common source; the second portion is a stability enhancing structure comprising: transistors M3 and M4 for neutralization capacitance, and a common mode inductor L for improving the common mode stability of the amplifier; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the source of the transistor M1 is connected with the source of the transistor M2, the common source node is grounded, the gate of the transistor M1 is connected with the drain of the transistor M2 through a transistor M3 and leads OUT a positive output end (OUT +), the drain of the transistor M1 is connected with the gate of the transistor M2 through a transistor M4 and leads OUT a negative output end (OUT-), the gate of the transistor M1 is connected with a positive input end (IN +), and the gate of the transistor M2 is connected with a negative input end (IN-);
the gate of the transistor M3 is connected to the gate of the transistor M1, the drain of the transistor M3 is connected to the source and to the drain of the transistor M2, the gate of the transistor M4 is connected to the gate of the transistor M2, and the drain of the transistor M4 is connected to the source and to the drain of the transistor M1;
the common mode inductor L is connected between the common source node and the ground.
In terms of working principle:
1. improvement of common mode stability for a differential common-source amplifier;
fig. 2 is a schematic current flow diagram of a conventional common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor, wherein a current is divided into a common-mode component and a differential-mode component, a unidirectional arrow indicates a flow direction of the common-mode component current, and a circular arrow indicates a flow direction of the differential-mode component current; the differential mode current realizes internal circulation in the differential circuit, and two alternating current grounds exist on a current loop of the differential mode current and are respectively positioned at a common source node and a drain electrode power supply node of the differential pair transistor; for the common mode current, the loop circuit of the common mode current flows from the power supply to the drain electrode of the transistor and then to the source electrode of the transistor, and returns to the power supply through the power supply ground; meanwhile, the common mode current is connected to the grid electrode of the transistor from the power supply and flows into the power supply ground through the source electrode to form a second loop; the second loop is a positive feedback for the first loop, so that the common mode stability of the amplifier is hidden.
As shown in fig. 4, in the circuit schematic diagram of the high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitor of the present invention, a grounded common-mode inductor is introduced at the common-source node of the differential transistor pair, so that loss is added to the two common-mode signal loops, and the common-mode inductor can suppress common-mode ac signals in the two loops, thereby improving the common-mode stability of the amplifier;
it should be noted that the common mode inductor L has a parasitic resistance, which causes the source voltage to rise, but the parasitic resistance is small, so the source voltage rise is not obvious, and the performance of the amplifier is not greatly affected.
2. An improvement in process error sensitivity for the neutralization capacitance;
the conventional neutralization capacitor generally uses a plate capacitor design as shown in fig. 3, and the capacitor is composed of multiple layers of metal and belongs to a passive device; the capacitor is easily influenced by the deviation of a processing technology in the production process of a chip, so that the area of a metal layer is increased or reduced, the capacitor is further increased or reduced, the capacitance value of the capacitor easily exceeds the allowable range of a neutralization capacitor, the self-oscillation of an amplifier is caused, and a circuit cannot normally work;
the invention proposes a design using a transistor as a capacitor, and as shown in fig. 5, the transistor is a parasitic capacitance schematic diagram, and three parasitic capacitances with larger values of the transistor are respectively a gate-source capacitance Cgs, a gate-drain capacitance Cgd and a drain-source capacitance Cds; most of the existing transistor capacitors only utilize a gate-drain capacitor Cgd and do not use other two capacitors, so that the utilization rate of the transistor capacitors is low; in the invention, the drain-source connection of the transistor is used as one end of the capacitor, and the grid electrode is used as the other end, so that the capacitance value of the transistor capacitor is the parallel capacitance value of the gate-drain capacitor Cgd and the gate-source capacitor Cgs, and the utilization rate of the transistor capacitor is effectively increased; meanwhile, because the processing of the transistor as the capacitor and the processing of the transistor as the amplifying tube are carried out synchronously, the capacitance value can be synchronously amplified and reduced, and therefore, the deviation directions of the parasitic capacitance of the transistor are consistent, so that the capacitor can be always maintained within the allowable range of the neutralization capacitor, and the self-oscillation of the amplifier can not be caused.
In conclusion, the sensitivity of the neutralization capacitor to process errors is reduced by introducing the transistor as the capacitor, the common-mode stability of the amplifier is improved by introducing the common-mode inductance to the ground at the common-source node, and meanwhile, the influence on the performance of the amplifier is reduced to the greatest extent. Compared with the common-mode stability simulation of the traditional common-source amplifier, the common-mode stability simulation of the structure is shown in FIG. 6, Mu1 is a parameter for representing the stability of the amplifier, when Mu1 is larger than 1, the amplifier is in an absolute stable state, the common-mode stability of the amplifier is obviously improved after the introduction of common-mode inductance, the frequency range of Mu1 larger than 1 is enlarged, and the absolute stable frequency of the amplifier is widened; amplifier gain versus gain ratio as shown in fig. 7, the amplifier gain introduced into the transistor capacitance did not drop much, the gain dropped only about 0.5 dB; therefore, the stability of the amplifier can be effectively improved while the performance of the amplifier is ensured.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (3)
1. A high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on a neutralization capacitor comprises: a differential transistor pair M1 and M2; wherein the differential common-source amplifier further comprises: the transistor M3, the transistor M4 and the common mode inductor L, the differential transistor pair M1 is connected with the source of the transistor M2, the common source node is connected with the common mode inductor L to the ground, the gate of the transistor M3 is connected with the gate of the transistor M1, the drain of the transistor M3 is connected with the source and is connected with the drain of the transistor M2, the gate of the transistor M4 is connected with the gate of the transistor M2, and the drain of the transistor M4 is connected with the source and is connected with the drain of the transistor M1.
2. The high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transistor M3 is the same size as the transistor M4.
3. The high-stability differential common-source amplifier based on the neutralization capacitor of claim 1, wherein the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the drain of the transistor M2 and leads OUT a positive output terminal (OUT +), the drain of the transistor M1 is connected to the gate of the transistor M2 and leads OUT a negative output terminal (OUT-), the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the positive input terminal (IN +), and the gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the negative input terminal (IN-).
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| CN202210020036.0A CN114499425A (en) | 2022-01-10 | 2022-01-10 | High-stability differential common-source amplifier based on neutralization capacitor |
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| CN202210020036.0A CN114499425A (en) | 2022-01-10 | 2022-01-10 | High-stability differential common-source amplifier based on neutralization capacitor |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115621261A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-01-17 | 材料科学姑苏实验室 | Capacitor device with low physical structure sensitivity and circuit structure |
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