CN114482263A - Underground space evacuation channel and system - Google Patents
Underground space evacuation channel and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114482263A CN114482263A CN202210033352.1A CN202210033352A CN114482263A CN 114482263 A CN114482263 A CN 114482263A CN 202210033352 A CN202210033352 A CN 202210033352A CN 114482263 A CN114482263 A CN 114482263A
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- underground space
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- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007105 physical stamina Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
Abstract
The invention discloses an underground space evacuation channel and system. The underground space evacuation passageway comprises stairs connecting a ground outlet and an underground space, wherein one or more rest areas dispersedly arranged along the stairs are arranged on the side parts of the stairs, and the rest areas are connected with the side parts of the stairs. Set up the rest area at the stair lateral part, in emergency upward evacuation after people get into fatigue state, can get into the rest area and have a rest, avoid tired crowd to block up and influence the evacuation of non-tired crowd on the stair, and then improve the sparse whole speed of underground space crowd, guarantee life and property safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground civil engineering, in particular to an underground space evacuation channel and system, which are particularly suitable for evacuation of deep underground stations.
Background
At present, the deeper construction development of subway stations in the vertical direction is the embodiment of space requirements of cities, the construction burial depth of the subway stations of a plurality of cities at home and abroad breaks through the depth of 30 meters underground, and the underground space with the underground depth of more than or equal to 30 meters is generally called deep underground space. As the subway station is taken as an important component of urban underground rail transit, once an emergency accident such as a fire, a terrorist event and the like occurs, the escalator cannot be used, a large number of people need to evacuate quickly within a specified time (as specified in subway design fire standard 28.2.11, the stairs, the escalators and the access channels in a platform public area meet the requirement that passengers and platform waiting personnel carried by a train entering the station are totally evacuated from the platform to a safe area within 6 min), but the long ascending evacuation distance of a deep subway and the complex behavior of the evacuation personnel in an emergency situation bring a plurality of difficulties to the ascending evacuation of the subway, and huge life and property losses are easily caused.
The existing subway station evacuation channel is mostly only provided with the stairs, the fact that different crowds enter a fatigue state when going upwards and have different motion amounts is not considered, the crowds entering the fatigue state possibly occupy the channel position, evacuation of the crowds not entering the fatigue state is prevented, the overall evacuation speed is further influenced, and the specified evacuation time requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve the technical problems in the prior art, and particularly provides an underground space evacuation channel and an underground space evacuation system.
In order to accomplish the above object of the present invention, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a underground space evacuation passageway including stairs connecting a ground exit and an underground space, at the side of the stairs, one or more rest areas dispersedly arranged along the stairs are provided, the rest areas being connected with the side of the stairs.
The technical scheme is as follows: the evacuation channel provided by the invention is provided with the rest area at the side part of the stairs, so that people can enter the rest area to rest after entering a fatigue state in emergency ascending evacuation, the situation that the evacuation of non-fatigue people is influenced by the congestion of the fatigue people on the stairs is avoided, the overall speed of the evacuation of people in the underground space is further improved, and the safety of life and property is guaranteed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the staircase comprises at least two staircase sections and at least one landing, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and adjacent staircase sections are connected by one landing.
The technical scheme is as follows: the fatigue of people can be relieved through the horizontal slow walking of the platform.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rest area is arranged on the side of the platform and is connected with the platform.
The technical scheme is as follows: it is safer, also more convenient to get into the rest area through the platform.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rest area is a normally closed area and is provided with an access control module, and the access control module opens the rest area after receiving the emergency alarm signal.
The technical scheme is as follows: the rest area is set to be a normally closed area, so that the situation that the space of the rest area is occupied and cannot play a role when emergency evacuation occurs is avoided, and daily use and damage of life-saving equipment arranged in the rest area are also avoided.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the height between the underground space and the rest area closest to the underground space, the height between the rest areas, and the height between the ground outlet and the rest area closest to the underground space is less than or equal to a first height, and the first height is the minimum ascending evacuation height when different types of pedestrians enter a fatigue state.
The technical scheme is as follows: when fatigue crowd appears, the fatigue crowd can timely enter a rest area to have a rest and relieve.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first height is an ascending evacuation height when the female pedestrian ascends stairs and enters a fatigue state.
The technical scheme is as follows: accords with objective practice.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first height obtaining process includes: obtaining data samples of a plurality of pedestrians going upstairs, each data sample comprising a pedestrian category, a plurality of ascending evacuation heights of the pedestrians, and physical characteristics of the pedestrians at the ascending evacuation heights; establishing a corresponding relation between the ascending evacuation heights and the body characteristics of different classes of pedestrians based on the data samples, and obtaining the ascending fatigue heights of the classes of pedestrians based on the corresponding relation between the ascending evacuation heights and the body characteristics of the pedestrians in each class; and selecting the minimum value of the ascending fatigue heights of all the classes of pedestrians as a first height.
The technical scheme is as follows: divide into the crowd into different types and obtain the fatigue height that goes upward of different types of pedestrian to the height that rest area was designed as first height to minimum fatigue height that goes upward has considered the physical stamina difference of the pedestrian of different types, makes the rest area of design more humanized, more scientific, more has practical application value, to tired crowd's in time reposition of redundant personnel, avoids current stair to block up.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an underground space evacuation system comprising the underground space evacuation passageway according to the first aspect of the present invention, and an alarm device provided in the underground space and/or the underground space evacuation passageway.
The technical scheme is as follows: the people are emergently prompted through the alarm device and enter an evacuation channel. The evacuation passageway sets up the rest area at the stair lateral part, and after people got into fatigue state in emergency upward evacuation, can get into the rest area and have a rest, avoid tired crowd to block up and influence the evacuation of non-tired crowd on the stair, and then improve the sparse whole speed of underground space crowd, guarantee life and property safety.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alarm device is connected and communicated with the entrance guard module.
The technical scheme is as follows: the rest area is automatically opened through the alarm signal sent by the alarm device.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the intelligent control system further comprises a control center and a camera positioned in the rest room, wherein the camera is connected and communicated with the control center.
The technical scheme is as follows: the condition of personnel detained in the rest area can be checked through the camera during emergency evacuation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a partial structural view of an underground space evacuation passageway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a regression curve in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2(a) is a schematic view of the regression curve of the male group, and fig. 2(b) is a schematic view of the regression curve of the female group.
Reference numerals:
1 a rest area; 2, a platform; 3, stairs.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention discloses an underground space evacuation channel, the partial structure schematic diagram of which is shown in figure 1, the underground space evacuation channel comprises a stair 3 connecting a ground outlet and an underground space, a rest area 1 or a plurality of rest areas 1 distributed along the stair 3 is arranged on the side part of the stair 3, the rest areas 1 are connected with the side part of the stair 3, namely the rest areas 1 are communicated with the side edge of the stair 3.
In this embodiment, the rest area 1 may be provided on one or both sides of the staircase 3. The underground space is preferably, but not limited to, a subway station hall or a subway platform. The height difference between the underground space and the ground outlet is preferably, but not limited to, greater than or equal to 30 meters, and the underground space is a deep underground space. Preferably, when the rest areas 1 are provided with a plurality of rest areas, the rest areas 1 can be arranged on the same side of the stairs 3, so that the occupied space of the underground space evacuation channel can be reduced, and the construction cost is reduced. The stairs 3 are preferably, but not limited to, straight-going ascending or spiral ascending stairs 3.
In the present embodiment, the rest area 1 may be a normally closed type or a normally open type, and for facilitating rescue in emergency, lighting equipment and/or support equipment and/or emergency equipment and/or tables and chairs and/or food may be arranged inside the rest area 1.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the staircase 3 comprises at least two staircase sections and at least one landing 2, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and adjacent staircase sections are connected by one landing 2. In the present embodiment, the entire staircase 3 is presented extending upwards in a stepped fashion. The stair sections are combined in a mode of one stair section, one platform and the other stair section, and at least one combination extends from the underground space to the ground outlet in sequence.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the rest area 1 is provided at the side of the platform 2 and is connected to the platform 2.
In this mode, set up platform 2, the tired crowd of being convenient for on the one hand gets into 1 rest in rest area, and on the other hand crowd can be relaxed through platform 2, slows down fatigue. Preferably, the platform 2 is a less horizontal or sloping platform.
In a preferred embodiment, the rest area 1 is a normally closed area and is provided with an access control module, and the access control module opens the rest area 1 after receiving the emergency alarm signal.
In this embodiment, the rest area 1 is provided with an automatic door provided with an existing door opening mechanism, the control end of which is connected to the output end of the door control module. This automatically-controlled door passes through entrance guard's module and opens or close, and after the emergent alarm signal was received to entrance guard's module, the mechanism of controlling the door opening opens the automatically-controlled door, and then opens rest area 1. The entrance guard module is preferably but not limited to a signal receiving module, and may be a wired signal receiving module (such as an existing ethernet receiving module and an RS485 serial interface module), or may be a wireless signal receiving module (such as an existing 5G receiving module and a WIFI receiving module).
In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the height difference between the underground space and the rest area 1 closest to the underground space, the height difference between the rest areas 1 and the height difference between the ground outlet and the rest area 1 closest to the underground space is less than or equal to a first height, and the first height is the minimum ascending evacuation height when different types of pedestrians enter a fatigue state. The ascending evacuation heights of different classes of pedestrians in the fatigue state are different, and the minimum ascending evacuation height is used as the first height. The ascending evacuation height is the height difference between the position of the pedestrian in the ascending evacuation and the underground space.
In a preferred embodiment, the first height is the ascending evacuation height at which the female pedestrian ascends the stairs 3 into a fatigue state.
In a preferred embodiment, the first height acquisition process includes:
data samples of a plurality of pedestrian ascends the stairs 3 are obtained, each data sample comprising a pedestrian category, a plurality of ascending evacuation heights of the pedestrian, and a physical characteristic of the pedestrian at the ascending evacuation height. The pedestrian category may be classified by gender, age, and the like. Preferably, the sex classification is carried out according to gender, because the difference of physical abilities of men and women is obvious, and the sex classification has universality. The physical characteristic is preferably, but not limited to, pedestrian movement speed or heart rate. It is further preferred that the heart rate is selected as the physical characteristic of the pedestrian, because it can be directly determined whether the pedestrian is in a tired state by the heart rate, such as when the heart rate of the pedestrian reaches the tired heart rate (the tired heart rate is preferably, but not limited to, 150bpm), the pedestrian is substantially in a tired state.
And establishing a corresponding relation between the ascending evacuation heights and the body characteristics of different classes of pedestrians based on the data samples, and obtaining the ascending fatigue heights of the classes of pedestrians based on the corresponding relation between the ascending evacuation heights and the body characteristics of the pedestrians of each class. Preferably, the corresponding relationship between the ascending evacuation height and the body characteristic of the same type of pedestrian is obtained by establishing a regression curve, the corresponding relationship is a regression curve, and the ascending evacuation height corresponding to the fatigue heart rate is searched on the regression curve to be used as the ascending fatigue height of the type of pedestrian.
And selecting the minimum value of the ascending fatigue heights of all the classes of pedestrians as a first height.
In a specific application scenario of the present embodiment, the pedestrian categories include male and female. The specific acquisition process of the first height is as follows: acquiring data samples of a plurality of adult upstairs 3, and dividing the data samples into a male group and a female group; obtaining a regression curve of each group of test data, as shown in fig. 2, obtaining a female uplink fatigue height based on the regression curve of the female group, and obtaining a male uplink fatigue height based on the regression curve of the male group; and selecting the minimum height of the female ascending fatigue height and the male ascending fatigue height as the first height. The method classifies the male and female crowds, and the classification can reflect the crowd difference on one hand and simplify the calculation on the other hand.
In this embodiment, the regression curve equation for the woman group is:
The regression curve equation for the male group is:
187.57 and 87.49 both have dimensional constants, and the dimensions are times/min; 1 is a dimensionless constant; 15.72 is a constant with dimension in meters. And substituting the fatigue heart rate into each regression curve equation to respectively obtain the female uplink fatigue height and the male uplink fatigue height.
In the present application scenario, preferably, one or more groups of rest areas distributed along the stairway 3 are arranged at the side of the stairway 3, and each group of rest areas 1 comprises a first rest room and a second rest room. The height difference between the underground space and the first rest room closest to the underground space, the height between the first rest rooms and the height difference between the ground outlet and the first rest room closest to the underground space are female ascending fatigue heights. The height difference between the underground space and the second rest room closest to the underground space, the height between the second rest rooms and the height difference between the ground outlet and the second rest room closest to the underground space are male ascending fatigue heights. Therefore, the female and the male can timely enter a rest room for rest when getting tired, evacuation is facilitated, and congestion caused by tired crowds is effectively avoided.
The invention also discloses an underground space evacuation system which comprises the underground space evacuation channel and an alarm device arranged in the underground space and/or the underground space evacuation channel in a preferred embodiment.
In this embodiment, preferably, but not limited to, the alarm device includes a first module for performing sound and light alarm triggered by smoke or fire, and a communication module, an output end of the first module is connected with an input end of the communication module, and the communication module is connected with the entrance guard module for communication. The alarm device can be provided with a plurality of alarm devices which are respectively arranged in the underground space and the underground space evacuation channel.
In a preferred embodiment, the intelligent control system further comprises a control center and a camera positioned in the rest room, and the camera is connected and communicated with the control center. Preferably, the control center is further connected with the entrance guard module to realize remote control of the rest area 1.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An underground space evacuation passageway, characterized by comprising stairs connecting a ground outlet and an underground space, wherein one or more rest areas distributed along the stairs are arranged at the side part of the stairs, and the rest areas are connected with the side part of the stairs.
2. An underground space evacuation passageway according to claim 1, wherein the stairway comprises at least two stairway sections and at least one platform, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, and adjacent stairway sections are connected by one platform.
3. An underground evacuation passageway according to claim 2, wherein the rest area is provided at the side of the platform and connected to the platform.
4. An evacuation channel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the rest area is a normally closed area and is provided with an access control module, and the access control module opens the rest area after receiving the emergency alarm signal.
5. An evacuation channel for underground space as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the height difference between underground space and the rest area nearest to it, the height difference between rest areas, and the height difference between ground outlet and the rest area nearest to it is less than or equal to the first height, which is the minimum upward evacuation height when different classes of pedestrians enter fatigue state.
6. An evacuation passageway according to claim 5, wherein the first height is an ascending evacuation height when female pedestrians ascended stairs and entered into a fatigue state.
7. The underground space evacuation passageway according to claim 5, wherein the first altitude acquisition process comprises:
obtaining data samples of a plurality of pedestrians going upstairs, each data sample comprising a pedestrian category, a plurality of ascending evacuation heights of the pedestrians, and physical characteristics of the pedestrians at the ascending evacuation heights;
establishing a corresponding relation between the ascending evacuation heights and the body characteristics of different classes of pedestrians based on the data samples, and obtaining the ascending fatigue heights of the classes of pedestrians based on the corresponding relation between the ascending evacuation heights and the body characteristics of the pedestrians in each class;
and selecting the minimum value of the ascending fatigue heights of all the classes of pedestrians as a first height.
8. An underground space evacuation system, comprising the underground space evacuation passageway according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and an alarm device provided in the underground space and/or the underground space evacuation passageway.
9. An evacuation system according to claim 8, wherein the alarm unit is in communication with a door access module.
10. An underground space evacuation system as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 further comprising a control centre and a camera located in the lounge, the camera being in connected communication with the control centre.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210033352.1A CN114482263A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Underground space evacuation channel and system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210033352.1A CN114482263A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Underground space evacuation channel and system |
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| CN114482263A true CN114482263A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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| CN202210033352.1A Pending CN114482263A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Underground space evacuation channel and system |
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06313319A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-08 | Nkk Corp | Emergency spiral stairs in underground communication shaft |
| JP2003180854A (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-02 | Bunka Shutter Co Ltd | Evacuation block structure |
| CN208534535U (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-02-22 | 云南省交通投资建设集团有限公司 | A kind of vcehicular tunnel temporary shelter room |
| CN110017000A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-16 | 上海市地下空间设计研究总院有限公司 | Escape stair under a kind of landscape landform |
| CN211949405U (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-11-17 | 深圳市方佳建筑设计有限公司 | Combined design structure of basement air shaft staircase |
| CN113235845A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-10 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway evacuation stair channel |
-
2022
- 2022-01-12 CN CN202210033352.1A patent/CN114482263A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06313319A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-08 | Nkk Corp | Emergency spiral stairs in underground communication shaft |
| JP2003180854A (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-02 | Bunka Shutter Co Ltd | Evacuation block structure |
| CN208534535U (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-02-22 | 云南省交通投资建设集团有限公司 | A kind of vcehicular tunnel temporary shelter room |
| CN110017000A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-16 | 上海市地下空间设计研究总院有限公司 | Escape stair under a kind of landscape landform |
| CN211949405U (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-11-17 | 深圳市方佳建筑设计有限公司 | Combined design structure of basement air shaft staircase |
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| 贺瑶: "基于人员疏散仿真的地下商业建筑疏散楼梯设计研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅱ辑)》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220513 |