CN114467942A - 一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂及其应用，该复合菌剂按重量百分比包括农药有效组分1‑20％、菌剂体5‑15％、辅剂补充至100％，农药有效组分为精甲霜灵，菌剂体由木葡聚糖衣和菌剂组成，木葡聚糖衣包裹菌剂，精甲霜灵与辅剂复合包裹菌剂体，所述菌剂为防生菌剂。本发明的含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂具有化学农药精甲霜灵和微生物防生菌剂具有双重作用机制,相互混配病菌不易产生抗性；同时农药残留小，根际微生态良好、作用周期长、用量少、省时省力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域，特别是涉及一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂及其应用。
背景技术
土传真菌病害分布范围广、传播速度快且危害性大，已成为世界性难题。化学杀菌剂由于其较快较强的杀菌能力一直被认为是防治土传真菌病害的重要手段，但是长期大量使用化学杀菌剂不仅会造成农药残留、病原菌的抗药性增加，而且还会造成食品安全、粮食安全及土壤、环境污染等问题。根际微生态是与植物根系发生紧密联系和相互作用的土壤微域，是植物自己营造的有利于植物健康和生长的生态系统，然而微生物菌剂防治土传病害的效果整体不如化学杀菌剂。
精甲霜灵又称高效甲霜灵，是甲霜灵两个异构体中的一个，即R-甲霜灵，化学名称为N-(2，6-二甲苯基)-N-(甲氧基乙酰基)-D-丙胺酸甲酯。精甲霜灵是一种具有保护治疗作用的内吸性杀菌剂，在多种作物上通过拌种、拌土、喷施等措施杀菌，做喷施时，精甲霜灵通过光降解减少残留，而以拌种、拌土使用时，往往通过土壤微生物降解，然而精甲霜为广谱性杀菌剂，杀菌剂除了作用于靶真菌，对靶真菌以外的大多微生物种类也有不利的影响，且微生物在没有其他物质为能源的条件下，很难对精甲霜灵起降解作用。
发明内容
针对上述情况，本发明之目的在于提供一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，先以精甲霜灵为化学农药起到杀除病害菌作用，再通过微生物以木葡聚糖衣为能源快速繁殖降解精甲霜灵，减少农药残留，木葡聚糖被消耗，释放防生菌剂，防生菌剂通过重建根际微生物群落，对病害菌进行二次防治。
其解决的技术方案是：
一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，包括农药有效组分1-20％、菌剂体5-15％、辅剂补充至100％，农药有效组分为精甲霜灵，菌剂体由木葡聚糖衣和菌剂组成，木葡聚糖衣包裹菌剂，精甲霜灵与辅剂复合包裹菌剂体，所述菌剂为防生菌剂。
进一步的，所述的防生菌剂由链霉菌、木霉菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、EM菌、酵母菌中的一种或多种组合。
进一步的，所述的木葡聚糖衣的成分为木葡聚糖制备成的膜，木葡聚糖衣的厚度为0.1-0.5mm，优选的为0.1-0.3mm。
进一步的，所述的木葡聚糖的半乳糖残基被至少部分去除。
进一步的，所述的辅剂为农药制剂领域中允许使用的填料、粘结剂、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、稳定剂的一种或多种组合。
进一步的，所述的含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂用于防治作物土传真菌病害。
由于以上技术方案的采用，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点；
(1)化学农药精甲霜灵和微生物防生菌剂具有双重作用机制,相互混配病菌不易产生抗性。
(2)本发明的含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，农药残留小，根际微生态良好：先以精甲霜灵为化学农药起到杀除病害菌作用，再通过微生物以木葡聚糖衣为能源降解精甲霜灵，减少农药残留，木葡聚糖被消耗，释放防生菌剂，防生菌剂通过重建根际微生物群落，对病害菌进行二次防治。
(3)本发明的含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂通过化学农药精甲霜灵和微生物防生菌剂对病虫害先后两次防治，作用周期长、用量少、省时省力。
具体实施方式
一、制备实施例
实施例1：含1％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂
配方：按重量比称取精甲霜灵1％、链霉菌的菌剂体5％、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物4％、十二烷基硫酸钠3％、聚乙烯醇3.5％、膨润土补足至100％。
实施例2：含5％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂
配方：按重量比称取精甲霜灵5％、木霉菌的菌剂体8％、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物3％、十二烷基硫酸钠3.5％、聚乙烯醇3％、凹凸棒土12％、高岭土补足至100％。
实施例3：含10％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂
配方：按重量比称取精甲霜灵10％、枯草芽胞杆菌的菌剂体10％、十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％、羧甲基纤维素3.5％、硅藻土15％、膨润土补足至100％。
实施例4：含15％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂
配方：按重量比称取精甲霜灵15％、EM菌的菌剂体12％、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物5％、十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、高岭土补足至100％。
实施例5：含20％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂
配方：按重量比称取精甲霜灵20％、酵母菌的菌剂体15％、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物5％、十二烷基硫酸钠2.5％、聚乙烯醇5％、高岭土补足至100％。
制备方法：
(1)将含有10g木葡聚糖的3wt％木葡聚糖水溶液与含有500mgβ-半乳糖苷酶的1wt％酶水溶液在30℃下混合来消化去除部分半乳糖残基，然后用0.1M的醋酸钠缓冲液将混合物的pH调节到4.5，18小时后通过加热到90℃并保持30min使酶失活来停止反应。加入乙醇沉淀来纯化修饰的木葡聚糖(m-木葡聚糖)，然后在50℃在真空炉中干燥24h。
(2)菌剂体的制备方法：(1)室温下，将木葡聚糖溶解到0.2倍质量的水中，搅拌1h，得混合液，然后在造粒机里放入与实施例1-5所述的菌剂体相对应的菌剂颗粒，喷入雾化水，将颗粒表面润湿后，将混合液加入到造粒机内，使混合液包裹在菌剂颗粒表面，然后室温晾干，即得含实施例1-5所述菌剂的菌剂体，所述的葡聚糖衣的厚度在0.1-0.3mm；
(3)制备方法：将实施例1-5所述的配方组分置于圆盘造粒机的成球盘内,并喷洒水份，进行干粉造粒，干燥后过筛即得含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，所制备的含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂的粒径在4-6mm。
试验例1：制备实施例2所得的含5％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂用于防治花生土传真菌病害的田间药效试验
(1)试验设计:将含5％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂作为试验组1#，施用量为0.11公斤/m2；以市购的精甲霜灵配制成有效含量5％的粉剂为对照组1#,施用量为0.11公斤/m2；以8％木霉菌防生菌剂为对照组2#，施用量为0.11公斤/m2，设置1个空白对照组。
(2)施药方法
选择无病的育秧地块,平整育秧畦,将带有花生土传真菌病害的土壤混合均匀,依次铺在即将试验育秧畦上,要求畦上的带病土壤厚度一致。将花生种子种入土壤中，试验中每个处理3次重复,小区面积1m2，按试验设计将试验组1#、对照组1#、对照组2#的对应药剂按规定的用量均匀施于对应的小区上，各小区中保持苗床环境一致。
(3)试验结果
施药后20天后，计算出苗率(出苗率(％)＝出苗数×100/播种数)，施药后40天后，以花生根腐病为花生土传真菌病害表现，计算发病率(病株率(％)＝发病株数×100/该小区内调查总株)及防治效果(防治效果(％)＝(空白对照区病株率-药剂处理区病株率)×100/空白对照区病株率)，实验结果如下表：
结果表明，试验组1#对花生根腐病的防治效果为94.7％，对照组1#花生根腐病的防治效果为76.3％；对照组2#对花生根腐病为74.5％。从试验中看出，含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂对花生土传真菌病害增效明显，既减少有效成分的使用量，又表现出了优于单剂的田间效果，有助于减少农药使用成本。
试验例2：制备实施例2中所得的制剂用于防治花生土传真菌病害的土壤残留试验
(1)试验设计：
将实施例5制备的含20％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂作为试验组1#，施用量为0.11公斤/m2；以市购的精甲霜灵配制成有效含量20％的粉剂为对照组1#,施用量为0.11公斤/m2。
(2)施药方法：
选择无病的育秧地块,平整育秧畦,将带有花生土传真菌病害的土壤混合均匀,依次铺在即将试验育秧畦上,要求畦上的带病土壤厚度一致。将花生种子种入土壤中，试验中每个处理3次重复,小区面积1m2，按试验设计将试验组1#、对照组1#。
(3)试验结果
施药后50天，每小区随机采集0～15cm深土壤2kg，去除杂物后按四分法留样200g，所有样品用塑料袋封装、编号，贮存于-20℃冰箱内待测。土壤中的精甲霜灵采用乙腈溶液振荡提取，使用酸性氧化铝固相萃取小柱净化，液相色谱带二极管阵列检测器(DAD)测定，外标法定量；田间试验按照NY/T788-2004《农药残留试验准则》进行；
实验结果：施加含20％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂的试验组1#土壤的最大检出量为0.005mg/kg，施加以市购的精甲霜灵配制成有效含量20％的粉剂的对照组1#土壤的最大检出量为0.1mg/kg。
由实验结果可以看出，相比于市购的相同量的精甲霜灵颗粒剂，含20％精甲霜灵的复合菌剂的土壤中精甲霜灵的残留量更少，且残留量远低于量低于联合国食品法典委员会规定的最大残留限量值0.5mg/kg。
以上所述是结合具体实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明具体实施仅局限于此；对于本发明所属及相关技术领域的技术人员来说，在基于本发明技术方案思路前提下，所作的拓展以及操作方法、数据的替换，都应当落在本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，其特征在于，该复合菌剂按重量百分比包括农药有效组分1-20％、菌剂体5-15％、辅剂补充至100％，农药有效组分为精甲霜灵，菌剂体由木葡聚糖衣和菌剂组成，木葡聚糖衣包裹菌剂，精甲霜灵与辅剂复合包裹菌剂体，所述菌剂为防生菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，其特征在于，所述的防生菌剂由链霉菌、木霉菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、EM菌、酵母菌中的一种或多种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，其特征在于，所述的木葡聚糖衣的成分为木葡聚糖膜，木葡聚糖膜的厚度为0.1-0.5mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，其特征在于，所述的木葡聚糖的半乳糖残基被至少部分去除。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂，其特征在于，所述辅剂为农药制剂领域中允许使用的填料、粘结剂、分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、稳定剂的一种或多种组合。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述的含精甲霜灵的复合菌剂在防治作物土传真菌病害的应用。
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