CN114467561A

CN114467561A - Seedling raising machine

Info

Publication number: CN114467561A
Application number: CN202210069195.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方寒寒; 章建海; 杨银亚; 沃野; 鲁浙栋; 朱培忠; 王雪为; 方明强; 杨晓玲
Original assignee: Fuyang college
Current assignee: Fuyang college
Priority date: 2022-01-21
Filing date: 2022-01-21
Publication date: 2022-05-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling raising machine which comprises a rack, a transmission belt paved on the upper end surface of the rack, a driving device for driving the transmission belt to move, and a filling mechanism, a seed metering mechanism and a soil compacting device which are arranged on the rack according to the movement direction of the transmission belt. The seed sowing mechanism is a roller type structure which can be disassembled and replaced, and comprises a roller, wherein the surface of the roller is provided with a plurality of holes for collecting seeds, the size of the holes is set according to the size of the seeds, and the distance between the holes is determined by the distance between the holes on the hole disc; the cylinder one side is equipped with the seed and holds the bag, and the cylinder is equipped with the one side that sets up the seed and hold the bag relative and keep off cloth to guarantee the exactness of seed position. The seed metering structural design is for dismantling the change structure, thereby realizes satisfying the seeding requirement of different seeds and cave dish through changing seed metering mechanism, realizes that the seed is automatic to arrange the seeding in order, promotes the seeding rate of seed, reduces and hinders kind of rate.

Description

Seedling raising machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of seeding equipment, and particularly relates to a seedling raising machine.

Background

At present, the plug seedling still adopts the traditional manual dibbling mode, and actually, the planting mode mainly based on manual work can not meet the development requirement far away, and the manual dibbling has the problems of high labor intensity, low sowing efficiency, high sowing cost and the like. The mechanical plug seedling raising can well solve the problems of high labor intensity and low seeding efficiency of the traditional manual dibbling technology, and the plug seeding machine is key equipment for realizing mechanical seedling raising and has an important function in industrial seedling raising. The whole machine has simple structure, ingenious design and small floor area, and can greatly reduce the labor intensity after being put into use.

The 2 BSXP-500 type plug seedling precision seeder developed by the agricultural machinery research institute of Beijing Haihu area adopts a vertical disc cellular hole type seed sowing device with a mechanical structure, and the production efficiency of the seeder is 350 disks per hour. The 2 XB-400 type plug seedling precision seeder developed by Ministry of agriculture planning and design research institute adopts a mechanical cellular seeding structure, and the seeding efficiency is 180 disks per hour. The mechanical plug seedling precision seeder is only suitable for coating pelleted seeds and has the problems of high seed damage rate, low seeding speed and the like.

Jiangsu university has designed magnetic suction drum-type precision planter, and the seed metering ware adopts electromagnetism ferromagnetic suction head along circumference array, along the structural style of drum shaft circumference according to cave dish pitch-row evenly distributed. The optimized magnetic suction rolling simple seeder has the seeding efficiency of 300 disks per hour, can meet the precision and efficiency requirements of precision seeding, but the magnetic suction type seeding apparatus has higher requirements on seeds, and the seeds to be seeded need to be uniformly coated with magnetic powder on the outer surface in advance.

Therefore, it is very necessary to design a device which has low seed damage rate and high sowing efficiency, is suitable for various seeds and meets the requirements of garden specialties.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seedling raising machine which comprises a frame, a transmission belt paved on the upper end surface of the frame, a driving device for driving the transmission belt to move, and a filling mechanism, a seed metering mechanism and a soil compacting device which are arranged on the frame according to the movement direction of the transmission belt. The seed sowing mechanism is a roller type structure which can be disassembled and replaced, and comprises a roller, wherein a plurality of holes for collecting seeds are formed in the surface of the roller, the size of each hole is set according to the size of the seeds, and the distance between the holes is determined by the distance between the holes and the grooves on the hole tray. The cylinder one side is equipped with the seed and holds the bag, and the cylinder is equipped with the one side that sets up the seed and hold the bag relative and keep off cloth to guarantee the exactness of seed position.

Further, the mechanism of packing includes once packs the mechanism and secondary filler mechanism, once pack the mechanism and set up between action wheel and seed metering mechanism, secondary filler mechanism sets up between seed metering mechanism and firming device, once pack the mechanism including the mechanism of spilling soil, sweep cave mechanism, watering device, the secondary is packed the mechanism and is included secondary mechanism of spilling soil, secondary and sweeps cave mechanism and secondary watering device.

Further, the driving device comprises a driving wheel and a driven wheel which are arranged at two ends of the frame, the driving wheel is arranged at the starting point of the transmission belt, the driven wheel is arranged at the end point of the transmission belt, and the seedling raising plug tray moves on the transmission belt along with the movement of the transmission belt.

Furthermore, a display control screen for displaying the operation of the control system is arranged on the rack.

Furthermore, the soil compacting device comprises a group of push rods, bosses are arranged at the bottoms of the push rods, and pushing discs connected to the bottoms of the two bosses are arranged.

Further, the seed metering mechanism is arranged on the frame through a supporting table which is arranged, the supporting table comprises a first stand column which is close to the first watering device, a second stand column which is close to the second soil spreading mechanism and a cross beam which is arranged between the first stand column and the second stand column, a position adjusting part is arranged on the second stand column, a plurality of position adjusting holes are formed in the position adjusting part, one end of blocking cloth covers the bottom of the roller, and the other opposite end of the blocking cloth is inserted between the position adjusting holes formed in the two second stand columns as required.

Furthermore, the soil spreading mechanism comprises a hopper with a conical opening, a small transmission belt is arranged under the hopper, and soil in the hopper enters the seedling culture hole tray through the small transmission belt.

Further, sweep cave mechanism and include the gyro wheel and set up the gyro wheel brush on the gyro wheel.

Further, sweep cave mechanism and watering device simultaneous movement, watering device is the large tracts of land spraying form watering device, including water solenoid valve.

Furthermore, a plurality of sensors for sensing the motion of the plug tray are arranged on the frame.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: (1) the automatic seedling raising seeder replaces manual dibbling, so that the labor intensity is reduced; (2) the roller type seed discharging structure ensures the accuracy of seeding and reduces the seed damage rate; (3) the intelligent module is used for controlling, so that the stability and the durability of the equipment are enhanced; (4) the space occupies a small area, and the height is convenient to set and operate; (5) the adaptability is strong, and the seeding requirements of different seeds and different plug trays can be met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a packing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a seed metering mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 4 shows a soil compacting device according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a frame, 2-a conveyor belt, 3-a seedling raising hole tray, 4-a soil spreading mechanism, 4 a-a secondary soil spreading mechanism, 5-a hole sweeping mechanism, 5 a-a secondary hole sweeping mechanism, 6-a water spraying device, 6 a-a secondary water spraying device, 7-a seed metering mechanism, 8-a water spraying device, 9-a display control screen, 10-a switch, 11-a driving wheel, 12-a driven wheel, 13-a sensor, 41-a hopper, 42-a small driving belt, 51-a roller, 52-a roller brush, 61-a magnetic valve, 71-a seed metering roller, 72-a blocking cloth, 73-a roller, 74-a hole, 75-a support table, 76-a positioning part, 77-a containing bag, 751-a first upright post, 752-a second upright post, 753-beam, 761-positioning hole, 81-push rod, 82-boss, 83-push disk.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the seedling raising machine comprises a frame 1 and a transmission belt 2 laid on the upper end surface of the frame, wherein a primary filling mechanism, a seed sowing mechanism 7, a secondary filling mechanism and a soil compacting device 8 are sequentially arranged on the frame 1 along the moving direction of the transmission belt 2; the primary filling mechanism comprises a soil spreading mechanism 4, a hole sweeping mechanism 5 and a water spraying device 6; the secondary filling mechanism comprises a secondary soil spreading mechanism 4a, a secondary hole sweeping mechanism 5a and a secondary watering device 6 a; in addition, sensors 13 are arranged on the frames at the front ends of the soil spreading mechanisms (4 and 4 a), the hole sweeping mechanisms (5 and 5 a), the seed metering mechanism 7 and the soil compacting device 8 and used for sensing the positions of the seedling raising hole trays 3. A driving wheel 11 and a driven wheel 12 are arranged on the frame 1 to drive the transmission belt 2 to move, the driving wheel 11 is arranged at the starting point of the transmission belt 2, and the driven wheel 12 is arranged at the end point of the transmission belt 2. A display control screen 9 is arranged near the driving wheel 11 on the frame 1 for displaying and controlling the related operation on the frame 1, and a sensor 13 is arranged in front of the driven wheel 12 for sensing whether the sowed hole tray 3 is taken away or not.

In addition, a switch 10 for controlling the operation of the seedling raising machine is arranged below the frame 1.

As shown in fig. 2, the soil spreading mechanism (4, 4 a) comprises a hopper 41 with a cone-shaped opening, a small transmission belt 42 is arranged under the hopper 41, soil in the hopper 41 falls on the small transmission belt 42 after a soil feeding motor is started, the small transmission belt 42 brings the soil into a plug tray, and the soil output is controlled by the height of a baffle plate of the plug tray 3.

In addition, the hole sweeping mechanisms (5, 5 a) and the water spraying devices (6, 6 a) are connected with the soil spreading mechanisms (4, 4 a), the supports at one ends of the hole sweeping mechanisms (5, 5 a) are shared with the soil spreading mechanisms (4, 4 a), and the water spraying devices (6, 6 a) are arranged on the supports at the other ends.

The hole sweeping mechanisms (5, 5 a) comprise rollers 51 and roller brushes 52 arranged on the rollers 51, preferably hard pig brushes and other materials, and the roller brushes 52 sweep the redundant soil out of the hole tray 3. The sprinkler (6, 6 a) is a large area spray sprinkler comprising a water solenoid valve 61. Open the switch of water solenoid valve 61, the end of watering just can spray water smoke, sprays when soil falls into the cave dish, makes water smoke fully contact soil, makes the soil in the cave dish 3 reach the humidity of requirement.

As shown in fig. 3, the seed-metering mechanism 7 is a detachable roller type seed-metering mechanism, and includes a seed-metering roller 71, a roller 72 sleeved on the seed-metering roller, a plurality of holes 74 for collecting seeds are provided on the surface of the roller 72, the size of the holes 74 is set according to the size of the seeds, and the distance between the holes 74 is determined by the distance between the holes on the plug 3. The roller 72 is provided with a seed holding bag 77 on one side, and the roller 72 is provided with a blocking cloth 73 on the side opposite to the seed holding bag 77 to ensure the accuracy of seed falling.

Specifically, the roller seeding mechanism is arranged on a group of roller supporting tables 75 on the frame 1, each supporting table 75 comprises a first upright post 751 close to the first sprinkling device 6, a second upright post 752 close to the second sprinkling mechanism 4 and a cross beam 753 arranged between the first upright post 751 and the second upright post 752, each second upright post 752 is provided with a positioning piece 76, each positioning piece 76 is provided with a positioning hole 761, one end of each blocking cloth 73 covers the bottom of the roller 72, and the other end of each blocking cloth 73 is inserted into the positioning hole 761 on the second upright post 752 as required.

It can be understood that the seed metering mechanism 7 is a detachable roller type, namely, a roller 72 with a proper hole 74 can be selected according to the size and shape of the seeds, and the height of the blocking cloth 73 can be adjusted according to the requirement. During movement, when the seed sowing roller 71 rotates, seeds enter the holes 74 through the containing bag 77 on the right side of the roller 72, the roller 71 drives the roller 72 to rotate anticlockwise, when the holes 74 pass through the part of the blocking cloth 73, the blocking cloth 73 scrapes off the redundant seeds in the holes 74 and covers the notch until the roller 71 rotates, and the seeds fall into the plug 3 after the holes 74 completely pass through the blocking cloth 73. Additionally, a vibrator is added to the bag 77 on the right side of the roller 72 to allow the seeds to enter the perforations 74 more accurately.

The seed metering structure 7 is designed to be detachable and replaceable, so that the seeding requirements of different seeds and the hole trays 3 can be met by replacing the seed metering structure 7, the automatic ordered seeding of the seeds is realized, the seeding rate of the seeds is improved, and the seed injury rate is reduced.

The soil compacting device shown in fig. 4 comprises a group of push rods 81, wherein bosses 82 are welded at the bottoms of the push rods 81, and push discs 83 are connected at the bottoms of the two bosses 82. The push rod 81 is an electric push rod, changes the rotation motion of the motor into linear motion, and completes the push rod action by utilizing the positive and negative rotation of the motor. For example, the complex actions such as rotation and shaking can be completed through various levers, rocking bars or connecting rods. By changing the length of the lever arm, the stroke can be increased or enlarged.

In addition, the pushing plate 83 is provided with a plurality of grids, which correspond to the holes in the hole plate 3 more accurately, so that the soil in each hole can be compacted.

It can be understood that in order to keep the soil moisture from losing after sowing and to make the seeds fully contact with the soil during the mechanical operation of the seedling raising machine, a soil pressing disc is used for pressing and cleaning the soil to improve the germination rate.

In conclusion, the seedling raising machine of the invention takes the seed discharging mechanism 7 as a key structure to realize the accuracy and the seed damaging rate of the seeding of the seedling raising machine, takes the soil spreading mechanisms (4, 4 a) and the hole sweeping mechanisms (5, 5 a) as assistance to reach the proper growth height of the seeds, and is matched with the watering devices (6, 6 a) to ensure that the soil reaches the proper humidity.

The working process during use is as follows: (1) the driving belt drives the seedling raising hole 3 disc to enter a soil spreading section, the small driving belt 42 starts to run after the sensor 13 senses the seedling raising hole disc 3, soil is brought into the belt groove and finally falls into the seedling raising hole disc 3, and the small driving belt 42 stops running 5 seconds after the sensor 3 does not sense the seedling raising hole disc 3;

(2) the roller brush 52 sweeps the excess soil out of the seedling culture hole tray 3 under the rotation of the roller 51, and a soil pit of about 1.5mm is left. The automatic watering device 6 humidifies the cleaned soil while the roller 51 is running;

(3) after the sensor 13 in front of the seeding mechanism 7 senses the plug 3, the electric motor drives the seeding roller 71 to rotate, when the seeding roller 71 rotates, seeds enter the holes 74 from the containing bag 77, redundant seeds in the holes 74 are scraped off through the blocking cloth 72, and when the holes 74 pass through the blocking cloth 72, the seeds fall into the plug 3 to wait for the next seedling raising plug 3 to enter;

(4) and repeating the soil spreading working section again, spreading a small amount of soil, and paving the seedling raising plug tray 3. The roller brush 52 rotationally cleans the soil higher than the seedling culture hole tray 3, and the automatic watering device 6a humidifies the soil;

(5) after the sensor 13 in front of the soil compacting device 8 senses that the seedling raising plug 3 is in place, the motor drives the push rod 81, and the push disk 83 with the boss 82 is used for compacting soil in the plug 3. In addition, a roller brush (specific structure is not shown) can be added behind the seedling raising plug tray 3 on the transmission belt 2 to move along with the transmission belt 2, and the excess soil on the transmission belt 2 after the plug tray 3 passes through is cleaned.

Specifically, whole machine of growing seedlings uses PLC as the major control element, and the operation step is as follows, opens switch 10, and equipment is electrified, can select manual control or automatic control on display control screen 9:

manual control: the nine control keys of the transmission motor inching, the soil conveying motor 1 (namely the primary soil spreading mechanism 4) inching, the soil brushing motor 1 (namely the primary hole sweeping mechanism 5) inching, the water sprinkling 1 (namely the primary water sprinkling device 6) inching, the seeding motor (namely the seed sowing mechanism 7) inching, the soil conveying motor 2 (namely the secondary soil spreading mechanism 4 a) inching, the soil brushing motor 2 (namely the secondary hole sweeping mechanism 5 a) inching, the water sprinkling 2 (namely the secondary water sprinkling device 6 a) inching and the soil compacting (namely the soil compacting device 8) inching can be selected according to needs;

automatic control: after the seedling raising machine enters the automatic mode, a system preheating key on the display control screen 9 is pressed, and all motors run for 20 seconds to reach the optimal positions; starting given frequency, transmitting the motor to operate, and placing the hole tray 3 at a specified position; carrying out primary soil scattering sensing, and delaying the operation of the soil feeding motor 1 for a certain time; the primary hole sweeping sensing is carried out, a primary hole sweeping motor 1 and a primary water sprinkling motor 1 are respectively started after a certain time delay, and the primary soil sprinkling motor 1 is turned off; seed metering sensing, starting a seed metering motor after delaying for a certain time, and simultaneously turning off the primary hole sweeping motor 1 and the primary water spraying 1; secondary soil scattering sensing, wherein the secondary soil scattering motor 2 operates after a certain time delay; the secondary hole sweeping sensing is carried out, the secondary hole sweeping motor 2 and the secondary water sprinkling 2 are respectively started after a certain time delay, the secondary soil sprinkling motor 2 is closed at the same time, and the secondary hole sweeping motor 2 and the secondary water sprinkling 2 are also closed after the operation for a certain time; the soil compacting is sensed, the soil compacting pushing hand operates, meanwhile, the transmission motor stops, and the transmission motor continues to operate after the soil compacting process is finished; discharging sensing, stopping the operation of the transmission motor until the hole tray 3 is taken away; the operation of the conveying motor is continued, and the step is repeated for placing the plug 3 at the specified position.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling raising machine comprises a rack (1), a transmission belt (2) paved on the upper end surface of the rack (1), a driving device for driving the transmission belt (2) to move, and a filling mechanism, a seeding mechanism (7) and a soil compacting device (8) which are arranged on the rack (1) according to the moving direction of the transmission belt (2), and is characterized in that the seeding mechanism (7) is a roller type structure which can be disassembled and replaced and comprises a roller (72), a plurality of holes (74) for collecting seeds are arranged on the surface of the roller (72), the size of each hole (74) is arranged according to the size of the seed, and the distance between the holes (74) is determined by the hole-groove distance on a hole disc (3); one side of the roller (72) is provided with a seed containing bag (77), and one side of the roller (72) opposite to the seed containing bag (77) is provided with a cloth blocking (73) so as to ensure the accuracy of seed placement.

2. A seedling raising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling mechanism comprises a primary filling mechanism and a secondary filling mechanism, the primary filling mechanism is arranged between the driving wheel (11) and the seed metering mechanism (7), the secondary filling mechanism is arranged between the seed metering mechanism (7) and the soil compacting device (8), the primary filling mechanism sequentially comprises the soil spreading mechanism (4), the hole sweeping mechanism (5) and the watering device (6), and the secondary filling mechanism sequentially comprises the secondary soil spreading mechanism (4 a), the secondary hole sweeping mechanism (5 a) and the secondary watering device (6 a).

3. A machine for growing seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving means comprise a driving wheel (11) and a driven wheel (12) arranged at the two ends of the frame (1), the driving wheel (11) being at the beginning of the belt (2) and the driven wheel (12) being at the end of the belt (2), the seedling raising trays (3) following the movement of the belt (2) on the belt (2).

4. A seedling raising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a display control screen (9) for displaying the operation of a control system is further arranged on the frame (1).

5. A seedling raising machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the soil compacting device (8) comprises a group of push rods (81), the bottoms of the push rods (81) are provided with bosses (82), and the bottoms of the two bosses (82) are connected with push disks (83) for compacting soil.

6. The seedling raising machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the seed discharging mechanism (7) is arranged on the frame (1) through a support platform (75) arranged on the frame (1), the support platform (75) comprises a first upright (751) close to the first watering device (6), a second upright (752) close to the second soil spreading mechanism (4) and a cross beam (753) arranged between the first upright (751) and the second upright (752), the second upright (752) is provided with a positioning member (76), the positioning member (76) is provided with a plurality of positioning holes (761), one end of the blocking cloth (73) covers the bottom of the roller (72), and the other opposite end is inserted between the positioning holes (761) on the two second uprights (752) as required.

7. A machine for raising seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that said spreading means (4) comprise a hopper (41) with a conical opening, a small transmission belt (42) being provided directly below the hopper (41), the soil inside the hopper (41) entering the seedling raising tray (3) through the small transmission belt (42).

8. A machine for raising seedlings according to claim 2, characterised in that the hole-sweeping means (5) comprise rollers (51) and roller brushes (52) arranged on the rollers (51).

9. A machine for raising seedlings according to claim 8, characterized in that said hole-sweeping mechanism (5) moves synchronously with a sprinkler device (6), said sprinkler device (6) being a large-area spray-like sprinkler device comprising a water electromagnetic valve (61).

10. A machine for growing seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the frame (1) is provided with a plurality of sensors (13) for sensing the movement of the trays (3).