CN114450471A - 用于对催化转化器进行预热的方法 - Google Patents

用于对催化转化器进行预热的方法 Download PDF

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CN114450471A
CN114450471A CN202080071302.1A CN202080071302A CN114450471A CN 114450471 A CN114450471 A CN 114450471A CN 202080071302 A CN202080071302 A CN 202080071302A CN 114450471 A CN114450471 A CN 114450471A
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ekat
temperature
catalytic converter
preheating
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张宏
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0245—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by increasing temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F01N2900/104—Battery status
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

描述一种用于利用Ekat对布置在机动车的废气流中的催化转化器进行预热的方法。在最初的发动机起动之前一持续时间内利用Ekat将催化转化器预热到最大温度；在此监控所述Ekat的温度和车辆的电池状态；在预热期间检查所述电池状态是否已降至状态阈值以下；如果是，则停止加热所述Ekat并且执行电动措施。如果否，则继续加热所述Ekat，直至再次达到所述最大温度为止。

Description

用于对催化转化器进行预热的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于利用Ekat对布置在机动车的废气流中的催化转化器进行预热的方法。
背景技术
已知的是，布置在机动车的废气流中的催化转化器（Katalysatoren）仅在特定的温度下才实现其完全的功能能力。为了尽可能早地达到该起燃温度（Light-Off-Temperatur），已知的是对催化转化器进行预热。这例如以电的方式被执行，其中为此例如使用Ekat（电加热催化转化器（elektrisch beheizter Katalysator））。这种加热催化转化器例如可以以盘形的方式构造并且具有蜂窝状结构。由废气流过所述加热催化转化器，所述废气在此被加热并且遇到其他催化转化器，所述其他催化转化器例如可以被构造为三元催化转化器。
这种Ekat在EP 1 967 712 A2中得以描述。
因此在车辆发动机冷态起动之前利用Ekat预加热催化转化器是已知的。在此，例如在打开车辆的门时，即例如在发动机起动之前5至10秒，开始预加热过程。但是，当发动机起动不发生或在起动后立即被中止时，例如也在多次打开和关闭车门时，预热过程多次被发起或进行无效率的预热，这导致机动车的电池的高载荷。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务是提供所说明的类型的方法，该方法使得能够特别高效地预热催化转化器。
根据本发明，该任务通过一种用于利用Ekat对布置在机动车的废气流中的催化转化器进行预热的方法来解决，所述方法具有以下步骤：
在最初的发动机起动之前一持续时间内利用Ekat将催化转化器预热到最大温度；
在此监控Ekat的温度和车辆的电池状态；
在预热期间检查电池状态是否已降至状态阈值以下；
如果是，则停止加热Ekat并且根据当前Ekat温度执行燃烧重心移位；
如果否，则继续加热Ekat，直至再次达到最大温度为止。
在根据本发明的方法中，在一持续时间内（当Kat温度例如等于环境温度时）对于车辆发动机的最初的冷态起动通过Ekat将催化转化器预热到最大温度。该持续时间例如可以是在发动机起动之前8 秒（sec），并且最大温度例如可以是600℃。与此同时监控Ekat温度和车辆的电池状态。在此，检查电池状态是否已降至状态阈值以下。
如果这是这种情况，则在根据本发明的方法中停止加热Ekat，并且在发动机起动之前根据当前Ekat温度通过车辆发动机的燃烧重心移位来执行电动措施（motorische Maßnahme），以便实现与首次在Ekat激活的情况下等效的排放。在此情况下在发动机起动之前Ekat温度越低，延迟燃烧重心移位的程度（Verbrennungsschwerpunktverschiebung nachspät）就越强。
如果电池状态未降至状态阈值以下，则Ekat根据当前温度在重复地激活之前继续或再次被加热，直至再次达到最大温度、例如600℃为止。
以这种方式可以避免：在反复地开门时Ekat总是被加热，并且电池状态下降到状态阈值（安全水平）以下。在发动机起动之后并且在Kat加热阶段（Kataufheizphase）期间，Ekat可以继续以高功率被操控，直至布置在其下游的催化转化器达到其工作温度为止。
在根据本发明的方法中，当最初打开车辆的门时优选地检查：车辆的电池状态是否已降至状态阈值以下。在该实施方式中，优选地也已经在打开车辆的门时，例如在发动机起动之前5至10秒，开始利用Ekat对催化转化器进行预加热。如果在打开门时车辆的电池状态处于状态阈值以下，则采取上面提及的电动措施。否则，如果电池状态处于状态阈值之上，则Ekat继续被加热。
因此如果电池状态处于状态阈值以上，则在多次打开车门时，Ekat并不总是重新被加热，而是继续执行加热，直至达到或再次达到最大温度为止。
在继续加热Ekat时，优选地在所述Ekat的当前温度下对于Ekat需要电功率，直至达到最大温度为止。从最大温度之间的温度差×Ekat热容量除以预热时间来计算该电功率。
尤其是，电功率被限制到最大允许功率。
在这种用于预热催化转化器的方法中，可以在Ekat之前吹入二次空气，以便改善从Ekat到催化转化器的热传递。在此，根据本发明，优选地仅在发动机起动开始时才吹入二次空气，以便在不进行起动的情况下，Ekat温度不在短时间内过快地失去其水平，用于以这种方式实现：催化转化器的下一次加热总是仍保持能源利用率高的。
下面根据实施例结合单个图详细地阐明本发明。单个图示出根据本发明的方法的大大示意化的流程图。
在发动机起动之前8秒的持续时间内对于最初的冷态起动通过Ekat将催化转化器预热到最大温度600℃（步骤1）。同时，监控Ekat温度和车辆的电池状态，如通过步骤2所表明的那样。在下次打开车辆的门时，于是在步骤3中检查车辆的电池状态是否处于状态阈值以下。如果这是这种情况，则根据步骤4，停止对Ekat的加热，并且在发动机起动之前根据当前Ekat温度作为燃烧重心移位执行电动措施或以增强的方式使用所述电动措施。
如果电池状态处于规定的状态阈值以上，则根据步骤5，根据当前温度再次加热Ekat，直至再次达到最大温度600℃。例如在Ekat的当前温度为300℃时，从600℃的最大温度和300℃的当前温度之间的温度差×Ekat热容量除以预热时间8秒来计算电功率。该功率被限制到最大允许功率，并且一直被需要，直至已达到了最大温度为止。
在发动机起动之后和在催化转化器的加热阶段期间，Ekat继续以高功率被操控，直至布置在其下游的催化转化器达到其工作温度为止（步骤6）。根据步骤7，在Ekat上游吹入二次空气，而且在发动机起动开始之后吹入。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于利用Ekat对布置在机动车的废气流中的催化转化器进行预热的方法，所述方法具有以下步骤：
在最初的发动机起动之前一持续时间内利用Ekat将催化转化器预热到最大温度；
在此监控所述Ekat的温度和车辆的电池状态；
在预热期间检查所述电池状态是否已降至状态阈值以下；
如果是，则停止加热所述Ekat，根据当前Ekat温度执行燃烧重心移位；
如果否，则继续加热所述Ekat，直至再次达到所述最大温度为止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在最初打开所述车辆的门时，检查所述电池状态是否已降至状态阈值以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在继续加热所述Ekat的情况下，在所述Ekat的当前温度下对于所述Ekat需要电功率，直至达到所述最大温度为止。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，从最大温度之间的温度差×Ekat热容量除以预热时间来计算所述电功率。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电功率被限制到最大允许功率。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述Ekat上游吹入二次空气。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，仅当发动机起动开始时，才吹入二次空气。
CN202080071302.1A 2019-10-11 2020-09-07 用于对催化转化器进行预热的方法 Pending CN114450471A (zh)

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