CN114440226A

CN114440226A - Biological carbon production device and method based on wheat straws

Info

Publication number: CN114440226A
Application number: CN202210120281.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董洪涛
Original assignee: Jiangsu Tangeng Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Tangeng Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-07
Filing date: 2022-02-07
Publication date: 2022-05-06
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-07
Also published as: CN114440226B

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological carbon production device based on wheat straws and a method thereof, relates to the technical field of biological carbon processing, and solves the problems that the wheat straws cannot be completely dried inside in the prior art, the crushed wheat straws directly enter a carbonization furnace for carbonization, the carbonization effect is influenced, a separate air drying device is added, the wheat straws need to be conveyed for multiple times, the crushed wheat straws are easy to cause dust pollution, and the conveying efficiency of the un-crushed wheat straws is low. According to the device and the method for producing the biochar based on the wheat straws, the crushing and drying box is arranged at the feed port of the carbonization furnace, the first crushing device, the drying device and the second crushing device are sequentially arranged in the crushing and drying box, the wheat straws are firstly subjected to coarse crushing, dried and then subjected to fine crushing before entering the carbonization furnace, and the wheat straw powder entering the carbonization furnace is dried and finely crushed, so that the carbonization effect is improved.

Description

Biological carbon production device and method based on wheat straws

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biochar processing, in particular to a biochar production device based on wheat straws and a method thereof.

Background

The biochar is porous carbon processed by organic garbage, such as animal excrement, animal bones, plant roots and stems, wood chips, wheat straws and the like. These organic wastes, which constitute biochar, are called "biomass". Many scientists are entitled "black gold" from biochar. The straws are carbonized to prepare the biological carbon organic fertilizer, and the straws can be fully recycled. The straws are carbonized mainly by a microwave carbonization device. However, the straw carbonization device in the prior art directly puts the straws into the carbonization furnace, and the carbonization efficiency is not high.

Chinese patent CN110775954A discloses a carbonization device for preparing straw biochar organic fertilizer, which comprises a carbonization furnace and a microwave generator, wherein the carbonization furnace is provided with a feed hopper and a first discharge pipe, and the microwave generator is connected with the carbonization furnace through a microwave guide pipe; the upside of carbide furnace is equipped with crushing case, is equipped with the loading hopper on the roof of crushing case, the design of the bottom slope of crushing case, and the bottom of crushing case is equipped with row material pipe, smashes the incasement and is equipped with the rubbing crusher who is used for smashing the straw and constructs. The carbonization device for preparing the straw biochar organic fertilizer drives the first gear to rotate through the first motor, and further drives the second gear and the third gear to rotate, so that the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod are driven to rotate, and straws falling into the crushing box can be crushed by matching the second crushing teeth with the first crushing teeth; after the crushed straw powder enters the carbonization furnace, microwave carbonization is carried out, so that the carbonization efficiency is effectively improved.

Chinese patent CN209893864U discloses an air-dry device for preparing biochar, including the stoving case, the last fixed surface motor of stoving case, first gear is installed to the output shaft of motor, the side symmetry of stoving case is provided with the bearing, the stoving section of thick bamboo is installed to the inboard of bearing, the surface of stoving section of thick bamboo is provided with the through-hole, the one end of stoving section of thick bamboo is provided with the second gear, first gear is connected in the meshing of second gear, the inboard of stoving section of thick bamboo is provided with spiral unloading strip, the inboard of stoving case is provided with the dry combustion method heating pipe. According to the air drying device for preparing the biochar, firstly, a motor is utilized to drive a drying cylinder through a first gear, raw materials in the drying cylinder can be turned over while the drying cylinder rotates, and the drying cylinder is matched with a dry-burning heating pipe and a hot air blower to rapidly air dry moisture in the biochar; the hot air of the second air heater is blown into the transfer box through the drying cylinder and then enters the preheating chamber through the material guide pipe to preheat the biochar in the preheating chamber.

Although this application solves the problems in the background art to some extent, the following problems exist in this application: 1. the wheat straws cannot be completely dried inside, and are directly carbonized in a carbonization furnace after being crushed, so that the carbonization effect is influenced; 2. increase solitary air-dry device, need convey the wheat straw many times, the wheat straw after the smashing causes dust pollution easily, and the not smashed wheat straw conveying efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biological carbon production device based on wheat straws and a method thereof, wherein a crushing and drying box is arranged at a feed port of a carbonization furnace, a first crushing device, a drying device and a second crushing device are sequentially arranged in the crushing and drying box, the wheat straws are firstly subjected to coarse crushing, drying and fine crushing before entering the carbonization furnace, and the wheat straw powder entering the carbonization furnace is dried and finely crushed, so that the carbonization effect is improved; during drying, the driving assembly drives the conical preheating cylinder to rock, the conical preheating cylinder drives one end of the drying cylinder at the lower end to rotate, the stirring amplitude of wheat straws in the drying cylinder is increased, the wheat straws can slowly fall under the action of the annular baffle, the time of the wheat straws in the drying cylinder is prolonged, and therefore the drying effect is improved; the lower end of the conical cylinder extends into the conical preheating cylinder, the conical cylinder is not connected with the conical preheating cylinder, the conical preheating cylinder shakes outside the conical cylinder, hot steam generated during the operation of the drying cylinder rises through the conical preheating cylinder, and the conical preheating cylinder preheats the conical cylinder; carry out the coarse level and smash the back, dry, can prevent that the straw is too big, avoid drying thoroughly, carry out fine crushing again after drying, can further improve kibbling fineness to solve the problem that proposes in the above-mentioned background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a biological carbon apparatus for producing based on wheat straw, includes carbide furnace and crushing stoving case, the upper surface of carbide furnace one end is provided with crushing stoving case, the top of crushing stoving case is connected with annular gas permeable plate, and the first reducing mechanism of inner circle fixedly connected with of annular gas permeable plate smashes stoving incasement portion and is provided with movable support, and movable support's inboard swing joint has drying device, smashes the lower extreme fixedly connected with conical plate of stoving case, and it has second reducing mechanism to embed on the intermediate position of conical plate.

The first crushing device comprises a crushing barrel, a conical barrel and a crushing assembly, the lower end of the crushing barrel is fixedly connected with the upper end of the conical barrel, the crushing assembly is arranged inside the crushing barrel, and the lower end of the conical barrel extends into the drying device.

The drying device comprises a conical preheating cylinder, a drying cylinder and a driving assembly, wherein a connecting ring is arranged on the side wall of the conical preheating cylinder, the connecting ring is movably connected with the driving assembly, the driving assembly is movably connected with the inner wall of a crushing drying box, the lower end of the conical preheating cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper end of the drying cylinder, an arc-shaped sliding groove is formed in the side wall of the drying cylinder, and the arc-shaped sliding groove is movably connected with a movable support.

The second crushing device comprises a mounting frame, crushing rollers and a filter plate, the crushing rollers are distributed in the mounting frame side by side, and the filter plate at the lower end of the crushing roller is connected with the filter plate.

Preferably, the annular ventilation plate is provided with ventilation holes distributed annularly.

Preferably, the movable support comprises a first support and a second support, the first support and the second support are hinged end to end, a first rotating shaft is movably connected to the middle position of the first support, one end of the first rotating shaft is movably connected with the inner wall of the crushing and drying box through a bearing, a second rotating shaft is connected to the middle position of the second support in a penetrating mode, one end of the second rotating shaft is movably connected with the arc-shaped sliding groove, and the second rotating shaft is sleeved with a telescopic spring.

Preferably, crushing unit includes first motor, crushing pole, crushing sword and shovels the board, and the output of first motor is connected with the crushing pole, is provided with crushing sword on the crushing pole, and the lower extreme of crushing pole extends to in the toper section of thick bamboo, and fixedly connected with shovels the board on the position of crushing pole lower extreme.

Preferably, the first motor is installed at the upper end of the crushing barrel, and a feeding hole is formed in one side, close to the first motor, of the crushing barrel.

Preferably, a heating sheet is arranged in the drying cylinder, and an annular baffle is arranged on the inner wall of the drying cylinder.

Preferably, the driving assembly comprises a second motor, a rotating short plate and a movable pulling plate, the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating short plate, the other end of the rotating short plate is movably connected with one end of the movable pulling plate, and the other end of the movable pulling plate is movably connected with the connecting ring.

Preferably, a driving device connected with the crushing roller is arranged in the mounting frame and comprises a motor, a gear assembly and a chain, the output end of the motor is connected with the chain through a gear, and the chain is connected with the crushing roller through the gear assembly.

Preferably, the lower end of the conical cylinder extends into the conical preheating cylinder, and the conical cylinder is not connected with the conical preheating cylinder.

The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing an implementation method of a biological carbon production device based on wheat straws, which comprises the following steps:

s1: wheat straws are thrown in from a feeding hole, the smashing component is used for coarsely smashing the wheat straws, the smashed wheat straws are deposited in a conical barrel, the conical barrel has a certain filtering effect on the coarsely smashed wheat straws, the wheat straws which cannot pass through are shoveled by the rotating smashing component and are smashed for the second time;

s2: the wheat straws after coarse crushing enter the drying cylinder, the driving assembly drives the conical preheating cylinder to shake, so that the drying cylinder rotates, and the movable support plays a role in supporting and assisting the drying cylinder to rotate;

s3: during the process that the drying cylinder dries the wheat straws, moisture carried by the wheat straws is heated to become hot steam and rises, the conical preheating cylinder shakes outside the conical preheating cylinder, the hot steam rises through the conical preheating cylinder, the conical preheating cylinder preheats the conical preheating cylinder, and finally the hot steam is discharged through the vent holes;

s4: the dried wheat straws are scattered on the crushing roller and the conical plate by the rotary drying cylinder, the wheat straws on the conical plate automatically slide on the crushing roller, the wheat straws are finely crushed by the crushing roller, the wheat straws are filtered by the filter plate, the wheat straws passing through the filter plate enter the carbonization furnace, and the wheat straws not passing through the filter plate pass through the filter plate after being repeatedly crushed by the crushing roller;

s5: the crushed and dried wheat straw enters a carbonization furnace, and is carbonized by the carbonization furnace to be processed into the biological carbon.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention provides a biological carbon production device and method based on wheat straws, wherein a crushing and drying box is arranged at a feed port of a carbonization furnace, a first crushing device, a drying device and a second crushing device are sequentially arranged in the crushing and drying box, the wheat straws are firstly subjected to coarse crushing, dried and then subjected to fine crushing before entering the carbonization furnace, and the wheat straw powder entering the carbonization furnace is dried and finely crushed, so that the carbonization effect is improved;

2. according to the device and the method for producing the biochar based on the wheat straws, during drying, the driving assembly drives the conical preheating cylinder to rock, the conical preheating cylinder drives one end of the drying cylinder at the lower end to rotate, the stirring amplitude of the wheat straws in the drying cylinder is increased, the wheat straws can slowly fall under the action of the annular baffle, the time of the wheat straws in the drying cylinder is prolonged, and therefore the drying effect is improved;

3. the invention provides a device and a method for producing biochar based on wheat straws, wherein the lower end of a conical cylinder extends into a conical preheating cylinder, the conical cylinder is not connected with the conical preheating cylinder, the conical preheating cylinder shakes outside the conical cylinder, and when a drying cylinder works, generated hot steam rises through the conical preheating cylinder which preheats the conical cylinder;

4. according to the device and the method for producing the biochar based on the wheat straws, the straws are dried after being coarsely crushed, so that the straws can be prevented from being too large, incomplete drying is avoided, fine crushing is performed after drying, and the fineness of crushing can be further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing the internal structure of the pulverizing and drying box of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing an installation structure of the first pulverizing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view showing an internal structure of the first reducing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a view showing a connection structure of the drying apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the drying apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a view showing an internal structure of the drying apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second crushing apparatus according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a carbonization furnace; 2. a crushing and drying box; 21. an annular gas permeable plate; 211. air holes are formed; 22. a movable support; 221. a first bracket; 2211. a first rotating shaft; 222. a second bracket; 2221. a second rotating shaft; 2222. a tension spring; 23. a tapered plate; 3. a first crushing device; 31. a grinding cylinder; 311. a feed inlet; 32. a tapered barrel; 33. a size reduction assembly; 331. a first motor; 332. crushing the stems; 333. a crushing knife; 334. a shoveling plate; 4. a drying device; 41. a conical preheating cylinder; 411. a connecting ring; 42. a drying drum; 421. an arc-shaped chute; 422. an annular baffle; 43. a drive assembly; 431. a second motor; 432. rotating the short plate; 433. a movable pulling plate; 5. a second crushing device; 51. a mounting frame; 52. a crushing roller; 53. a filter plate.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a biological carbon production device based on wheat straw comprises a carbonization furnace 1 and a crushing and drying box 2, wherein the upper surface of one end of the carbonization furnace 1 is provided with the crushing and drying box 2, the top of the crushing and drying box 2 is connected with an annular vent plate 21, the annular vent plate 21 is provided with vent holes 211 which are distributed annularly, water vapor generated during drying is discharged through the vent holes 211, the inner ring of the annular vent plate 21 is fixedly connected with a first crushing device 3, the crushing and drying box 2 is internally provided with a movable support 22, the inner side of the movable support 22 is movably connected with a drying device 4, the movable support 22 comprises a first support 221 and a second support 222, the first support 221 and the second support 222 are hinged end to end, the middle position of the first support 221 is movably connected with a first rotating shaft 2211, one end of the first rotating shaft 2211 is movably connected with the inner wall of the crushing and drying box 2 through a bearing, a second rotating shaft 2221 is penetratingly connected to the middle of the second bracket 222, one end of the second rotating shaft 2221 is movably connected to the arc-shaped sliding groove 421, a telescopic spring 2222 is sleeved on the second rotating shaft 2221, during drying, the driving assembly 43 drives the conical preheating cylinder 41 to rock, the conical preheating cylinder 41 drives one end of the drying cylinder 42 at the lower end to rotate, the first support 221 and the second support 222 support the drying cylinder 42 to assist the drying cylinder 42 to rock, wherein the first support 221 can rotate around the first rotating shaft 2211, the second support 222 can rotate along with the first support 221, position shift about can realizing, drying cylinder 42 can rock around second pivot 2221, improves the rotatory angle of drying cylinder 42, increases the range of stirring of interior wheat straw of drying cylinder 42, smashes lower extreme fixedly connected with conical plate 23 of stoving case 2, and the embedded second reducing mechanism 5 that has on the intermediate position of conical plate 23.

Referring to fig. 3-4, the first crushing device 3 includes a crushing cylinder 31, a conical cylinder 32 and a crushing assembly 33, the lower end of the crushing cylinder 31 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the conical cylinder 32, the crushing assembly 33 is disposed inside the crushing cylinder 31, the crushing assembly 33 includes a first motor 331, a crushing rod 332, a crushing knife 333 and a shoveling plate 334, the output end of the first motor 331 is connected with the crushing rod 332, the crushing rod 332 is provided with the crushing knife 333, the lower end of the crushing rod 332 extends into the conical cylinder 32, the shoveling plate 334 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the crushing rod 332, the first motor 331 drives the crushing knife 333 and the shoveling plate 334 to rotate through the crushing rod 332, the crushing knife 333 coarsely crushes wheat straw, the crushed wheat straw is deposited into the conical cylinder 32, the conical cylinder 32 has a certain filtering effect on the coarsely crushed wheat straw, the wheat straw which cannot pass through the rotating shoveling plate 334, play the effect of secondary crushing, first motor 331 is installed in the upper end of a crushing section of thick bamboo 31, and one side that a crushing section of thick bamboo 31 is close to first motor 331 is provided with feed inlet 311, the lower extreme of a toper section of thick bamboo 32 extends to in drying device 4, the lower extreme of a toper section of thick bamboo 32 extends to in the toper section of thick bamboo 41 that preheats, and a toper section of thick bamboo 32 is not connected with toper section of thick bamboo 41 that preheats, toper section of thick bamboo 41 rocks in the outside of a toper section of thick bamboo 32, drying cylinder 42 during operation, the hot steam that produces rises through toper section of thick bamboo 41 that preheats, toper section of thick bamboo 41 preheats for toper section of thick bamboo 32, finally hot steam passes through bleeder vent 211 and discharges.

Referring to fig. 5-7, the drying device 4 includes a tapered preheating cylinder 41, a drying cylinder 42 and a driving assembly 43, a connecting ring 411 is disposed on a side wall of the tapered preheating cylinder 41, the connecting ring 411 is movably connected to the driving assembly 43, the driving assembly 43 is movably connected to an inner wall of the crushing and drying box 2, a lower end of the tapered preheating cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to an upper end of the drying cylinder 42, an arc chute 421 is disposed on a side wall of the drying cylinder 42, the arc chute 421 is movably connected to the movable support 22, a heating sheet is disposed in the drying cylinder 42, an annular baffle 422 is disposed on the inner wall of the drying cylinder 42, when coarsely crushed wheat straws pass through the drying cylinder 42, the wheat straws can slowly fall under the action of the annular baffle 422 due to the shaking of the drying cylinder 42, the time of the wheat straws in the drying cylinder 42 is prolonged, so as to improve the drying effect, the driving assembly 43 includes a second motor 431, Rotatory short slab 432 and activity arm-tie 433, the output of second motor 431 and the one end fixed connection of rotatory short slab 432, the other end of rotatory short slab 432 and the one end swing joint of activity arm-tie 433, the other end and the go-between 411 swing joint of activity arm-tie 433, second motor 431 during operation drives rotatory short slab 432 rotatoryly, realizes that activity arm-tie 433 drives the 41 shift positions of toper preheating section of thick bamboo, realizes that drying section of thick bamboo 42 is rotatory to be rocked.

Please refer to fig. 8, the second crushing device 5 includes a mounting rack 51, a crushing roller 52 and a filter plate 53, the crushing roller 52 is distributed in parallel inside the mounting rack 51, the filter plate 53 is connected to the filter plate 53 at the lower end of the crushing roller 52, a driving device connected to the crushing roller 52 is provided in the mounting rack 51, the driving device includes a motor, a gear assembly and a chain, the output end of the motor is connected to the chain through a gear, the chain is connected to the crushing roller 52 through the gear assembly, the motor works to drive the gear assembly to rotate, the rotation of the 52 direction of the crushing roller connected to each other is realized, the dried wheat straw is further crushed, the wheat straw is filtered by the filter plate 53, the wheat straw passing through the filter plate 53 is carbonized in the carbonization furnace 1, and the wheat straw not passing through passes through the filter plate 53 after being repeatedly crushed by the crushing roller 52.

In order to better show the implementation process of the biological carbon production device based on wheat straws, the embodiment now provides an implementation method of the biological carbon production device based on wheat straws, which includes the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: wheat straws are fed from a feeding hole 311, the crushing component 33 coarsely crushes the wheat straws, the first motor 331 drives the crushing knife 333 and the shoveling plate 334 to rotate through the crushing rod 332, the crushing knife 333 coarsely crushes the wheat straws, the crushed wheat straws are deposited in the conical barrel 32, the conical barrel 32 has a certain filtering effect on the coarsely crushed wheat straws, and the wheat straws which cannot pass through are shoveled by the rotating crushing component 33 for secondary crushing;

step two: the coarsely crushed wheat straws enter the drying cylinder 42, the driving assembly 43 drives the conical preheating cylinder 41 to shake, so that the drying cylinder 42 rotates, the movable support 22 plays a role in supporting and assisting the drying cylinder 42 to rotate, the first support 221 can rotate around the first rotating shaft 2211, the second support 222 can move up and down while the first support 221 rotates, the drying cylinder 42 can shake around the second rotating shaft 2221, the rotating angle of the drying cylinder 42 is improved, and the turning amplitude of the wheat straws in the drying cylinder 42 is increased;

step three: in the process of drying the wheat straws by the drying cylinder 42, moisture carried by the wheat straws is heated to become hot steam, the hot steam rises, the conical preheating cylinder 41 shakes outside the conical cylinder 32, the hot steam rises through the conical preheating cylinder 41, the conical preheating cylinder 41 preheats the conical cylinder 32, and finally the hot steam is discharged through the air holes 211;

step four: the dried wheat straws are scattered on the crushing roller 52 and the conical plate 23 by the rotary drying cylinder 42, the uniformity of the wheat straw dispersion can be improved when the drying cylinder 42 shakes and scatters the wheat straws, the wheat straws on the conical plate 23 automatically slide on the crushing roller 52, the crushing roller 52 finely crushes the wheat straws, the wheat straws are filtered by the filter 53, the wheat straws passing through the filter 53 enter the carbonization furnace 1, and the wheat straws not passing through pass through the filter 53 after being repeatedly crushed by the crushing roller 52;

step five: the crushed and dried wheat straw enters a carbonization furnace 1, and is carbonized by the carbonization furnace 1 to be processed into the biological carbon.

In summary, the following steps: according to the device and the method for producing the biochar based on the wheat straws, the crushing and drying box 2 is arranged at the feed port of the carbonization furnace 1, the first crushing device 3, the drying device 4 and the second crushing device 5 are sequentially arranged in the crushing and drying box 2, the wheat straws are firstly subjected to coarse crushing, drying and fine crushing before entering the carbonization furnace 1, and the wheat straw powder entering the carbonization furnace 1 is dried and finely crushed, so that the carbonization effect is improved; during drying, the driving assembly 43 drives the conical preheating cylinder 41 to shake, the conical preheating cylinder 41 drives one end of the drying cylinder 42 at the lower end to rotate, the turning range of wheat straws in the drying cylinder 42 is increased, the wheat straws can slowly fall under the action of the annular baffle 422, the time of the wheat straws in the drying cylinder 42 is prolonged, and the drying effect is improved; the lower end of the conical cylinder 32 extends into the conical preheating cylinder 41, the conical cylinder 32 is not connected with the conical preheating cylinder 41, the conical preheating cylinder 41 shakes outside the conical cylinder 32, when the drying cylinder 42 works, generated hot steam rises through the conical preheating cylinder 41, and the conical preheating cylinder 41 preheats the conical cylinder 32; carry out the coarse level and smash the back, dry, can prevent that the straw is too big, avoid drying thoroughly, carry out fine crushing again after the stoving, can further improve kibbling fineness.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a biological carbon apparatus for producing based on wheat straw, includes carbide furnace (1) and crushing stoving case (2), its characterized in that: the upper surface of one end of the carbonization furnace (1) is provided with a crushing and drying box (2), the top of the crushing and drying box (2) is connected with an annular ventilating plate (21), the inner ring of the annular ventilating plate (21) is fixedly connected with a first crushing device (3), a movable support (22) is arranged inside the crushing and drying box (2), the inner side of the movable support (22) is movably connected with a drying device (4), the lower end of the crushing and drying box (2) is fixedly connected with a conical plate (23), and a second crushing device (5) is embedded in the middle position of the conical plate (23);

the first crushing device (3) comprises a crushing cylinder (31), a conical cylinder (32) and a crushing assembly (33), the lower end of the crushing cylinder (31) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the conical cylinder (32), the crushing assembly (33) is arranged in the crushing cylinder (31), and the lower end of the conical cylinder (32) extends into the drying device (4);

the drying device (4) comprises a conical preheating cylinder (41), a drying cylinder (42) and a driving assembly (43), a connecting ring (411) is arranged on the side wall of the conical preheating cylinder (41), the connecting ring (411) is movably connected with the driving assembly (43), the driving assembly (43) is movably connected with the inner wall of the crushing and drying box (2), the lower end of the conical preheating cylinder (41) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the drying cylinder (42), an arc-shaped sliding groove (421) is formed in the side wall of the drying cylinder (42), and the arc-shaped sliding groove (421) is movably connected with the movable support (22);

the second crushing device (5) comprises a mounting frame (51), crushing rollers (52) and filter plates (53), the crushing rollers (52) are distributed in the mounting frame (51) in parallel, and the filter plates (53) at the lower ends of the crushing rollers (52) are connected with the filter plates (53).

2. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the annular ventilating plate (21) is provided with air holes (211) which are distributed annularly.

3. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a crushing and drying box, including activity support (22), first support (221) and second support (222), the end to end hinge of first support (221) and second support (222) is connected, swing joint has first pivot (2211) on the intermediate position of first support (221), the inner wall swing joint of bearing and crushing and drying case (2) is passed through to the one end of first pivot (2211), through connection has second pivot (2221) on the intermediate position of second support (222), the one end and the arc spout (421) swing joint of second pivot (2221), cup jointed expanding spring (2222) on second pivot (2221).

4. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: crushing unit (33) include first motor (331), smash pole (332), smash sword (333) and scoop board (334), and the output of first motor (331) is connected with smash pole (332), is provided with on smashing pole (332) and smashes sword (333), and the lower extreme of smashing pole (332) extends to in toper section of thick bamboo (32), and fixedly connected with scoops board (334) on the position of smashing pole (332) lower extreme.

5. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the first motor (331) is installed at the upper end of the crushing barrel (31), and a feeding hole (311) is formed in one side, close to the first motor (331), of the crushing barrel (31).

6. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a heating sheet is arranged in the drying cylinder (42), and an annular baffle (422) is arranged on the inner wall of the drying cylinder (42).

7. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the driving assembly (43) comprises a second motor (431), a rotating short plate (432) and a movable pulling plate (433), the output end of the second motor (431) is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating short plate (432), the other end of the rotating short plate (432) is movably connected with one end of the movable pulling plate (433), and the other end of the movable pulling plate (433) is movably connected with the connecting ring (411).

8. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grinding device is characterized in that a driving device connected with the grinding roller (52) is arranged in the mounting frame (51), the driving device comprises a motor, a gear assembly and a chain, the output end of the motor is connected with the chain through a gear, and the chain is connected with the grinding roller (52) through the gear assembly.

9. The biochar production device based on wheat straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the conical cylinder (32) extends into the conical preheating cylinder (41), and the conical cylinder (32) is not connected with the conical preheating cylinder (41).

10. A method for implementing a biological carbon production plant based on wheat straw as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:

s1: wheat straws are put into the straw feeding hole (311), the smashing component (33) coarsely smashes the wheat straws, the smashed wheat straws are deposited into the conical barrel (32), the conical barrel (32) has a certain filtering effect on the coarsely smashed wheat straws, and the wheat straws which cannot pass through are shoveled by the rotating smashing component (33) and are smashed for the second time;

s2: the coarsely crushed wheat straws enter the drying cylinder (42), the driving assembly (43) drives the conical preheating cylinder (41) to shake, so that the drying cylinder (42) rotates, and the movable support (22) plays a role in supporting the drying cylinder (42) and assisting the drying cylinder (42) to rotate;

s3: in the process that the drying cylinder (42) dries the wheat straws, moisture carried by the wheat straws is heated to become hot steam and rises, the conical preheating cylinder (41) shakes outside the conical cylinder (32), the hot steam rises through the conical preheating cylinder (41), the conical preheating cylinder (41) preheats the conical cylinder (32), and finally the hot steam is discharged through the vent holes (211);

s4: the dried wheat straws are scattered on the crushing roller (52) and the conical plate (23) by the rotary drying cylinder (42), the wheat straws on the conical plate (23) automatically slide on the crushing roller (52), the wheat straws are finely crushed by the crushing roller (52), the wheat straws are filtered by the filter plate (53), the wheat straws passing through the filter plate (53) enter the carbonization furnace (1), and the wheat straws not passing through the filter plate (53) are repeatedly crushed by the crushing roller (52) and then pass through the filter plate (53);

s5: the crushed and dried wheat straw enters a carbonization furnace (1), is carbonized by the carbonization furnace (1) and is processed into biological carbon.