CN102020274A - New process for producing straw active carbon once by utilizing physical activation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a new process for producing straw active carbon once by utilizing a physical activation method, which comprises the steps of cutting, drying and smashing crop straw raw materials into powdery materials; then adding a bonding agent and carrying out press-forming; placing in a carbonizing furnace; and carrying out carbonization firstly and then activation by utilizing 1%-3% of gradient of the carbonizing furnace, thereby preparing the straw active carbon. The invention has the advantages: 1) straws as raw materials are saved, three tons of compressed straws are needed in producing one ton of straw charcoal originally, three tons of straw charcoal are needed in producing one ton of active carbon, namely 9 tons of compressed straws are consumed totally, while 5 tons of compressed straws are consumed for finishing the production once now, so that 4 tons of straws are saved; 2) the consumption of fuel coal and electric energy can be saved; temperature is increased from cold charge in the twice production in the original process, and now the temperature is increased once, only the time is prolonged, and one third of coal and one third of the electric energy are saved; 3) about 25% of labor force is saved; and 4) a carbonizing furnace is saved, and fixed asset investment is saved.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the crop stalk processing technology field, relate in particular to a kind of novel process of utilizing the disposable production straw of physical activation method gac, specifically, be to utilize crop stalks such as wheat straw, beanstalk, straw, corn stalk, corn cob, cotton bavin, adopt the production technique of physics method production water treatment with gac.
Background technology:
Absorption method is a kind of important physical chemistry method of wastewater treatment, can remove the multiple pollutent in the waste water effectively, particularly adopt other method to be difficult to the severe toxicity of effectively processing and the pollutent of difficult degradation, water quality after treatment is good, and more stable, thereby absorption method has the effect of not replacing in wastewater treatment.Along with the strictness day by day of emission standard, water resources is recycled urgent day by day, and the effect of absorption method in wastewater treatment is more and more important.The kind of sorbent material is more, as polymeric sorbent, clay class sorbent material etc., gac most importantly, water treatment in the past is a high-quality coal with the main raw material of gac, and present method is to use agricultural wastes---straw is the raw material production gac, substitutes the coal resources that reduce day by day.
The straw gac is to make by straw carbonization, straw carbonization is with straw oven dry (or drying), pulverizes, then in equipment for preparing charcoal (kiln, stove) under oxygen barrier (air) condition, operations such as drying, pyrolysis, charing, cooling, make straw make the process of gac, product is called straw charcoal or straw carbon.Because straw carbon is different with traditional charcoal burning method, it is main means with mechanical workout, thereby people are referred to as the straw charcoal machine-processed straw charcoal or are called for short machine-made charcoal again.
With regard to the production of straw charcoal, charring process is divided into two big classes:
The one, utilize the direct charing of straw, what suit direct charing generally is the hard straw, as waste of flax, cotton stalk, corn cob, cotton seed hulls, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae etc.Its technical process is: straw → dry or dry (moisture content is below the 15%) → straw hand hay cutter carbonization kiln of cutting into chunks → go into piles up that (sealing is smouldered (charing) → cooled off, packs.Because Mierocrystalline cellulose, content of lignin in the straw are lower, intensity is relatively poor after the charing, is not suitable for transportation and does fuel, and this kind product is worn into the ignition dope that fine powder is used for fireworks and firecrackers and explosive more.For convenient transportation and special purpose, add a certain amount of binding agent in the particle powdered carbon after direct charing, be squeezed into the finished product charcoal of certain specification and shape again with compacting shape machine.But the straw charcoal of first charing aftershaping, thermal value and carbon content obviously reduce, and therefore seldom adopt in actual production.
The 2nd, utilize the straw carbonization of curing molding, charing after the promptly first moulding, its technical process is: straw → hand hay cutter is cut → drying → extrusion molding → charing → cooling → packing warehouse-in.
Charring process is the popular technology that current most of producer adopts after elder generation's moulding, and the charcoal of producing is machine-processed straw charcoal.The critical process of this method is the charing of straw, and it adds the straw particle of extrusion molding in the closed furnace that completely cuts off with air, progressively heats; reach 120-150 ℃ of beginning pyrolysis, but speed being very slow, mainly is the moisture content in the evaporation straw; the venting hole white water vapor of emerging pollutes.
From above analysis as can be seen, existing straw carbonization technology, no matter be to utilize the direct charring process of straw, or utilizing the straw carbonization of curing molding is the technology of charing after the first moulding, all has technological deficiency, the former problem is that the thermal value and the carbon content of straw charcoal obviously reduces, cause in the actual production and can't use, the latter's problem is that environmental pollution is serious, and the product adsorptive power of gained is poor, the gac that can not use as water treatment, and can only be used for the production of general fireworks and firecrackers.
(application number: produce in the straw activated carbon process by the physical activation method that utilizes that 201010163314.5) provides in " a kind of technology of utilizing physical activation method the to produce gac " application for a patent for invention that proposed on May 6th, 2010 for the inventor, the core process of its technical scheme is that the production of straw gac is carried out in two steps, promptly earlier straw carbon is changed into the straw charcoal, be raw material with the straw charcoal again, through pulverizing, batch mixing, press forming, activate then and make the straw gac.Though this is to utilize technical basic breakthrough at crop stalk, also there is weak point in former technology, must twice production just can make gac.Now by our research trial,, promptly former twice production is combined into once and finishes with must bigger improvement.Be exactly that powder is cut, dries, is ground into to straw, hand hay cutter specifically, add compressed with adhesive and be shaped first charing in charring furnace, the postactivated production of once finishing the straw gac.
Summary of the invention:
In order to economize in raw materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce production costs, the invention provides a kind of novel process of utilizing the disposable production straw of physical activation method gac.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions its goal of the invention.
Utilize physical activation method once to produce the novel process of straw gac, be earlier meal is cut, dries, is ground into to crop stalk raw material hand hay cutter, adding compressed with adhesive then is shaped, put into charring furnace, utilize the gradient of charring furnace 1%-3% to carry out first charing, the postactivated straw gac that once makes.
Its concrete technology is:
1, hand hay cutter is cut, and crop stalk raw material hand hay cutter is cut to the particulate state of 5-10mm size.
2, oven dry, the oven dry of hand hay cutter blank, moisture content is below 10%.
3, pulverizing, is the raw material pulverizing after the oven dry 10-30 purpose meal.
4, mix, for improving the intensity of gac, add an amount of wood tar oil or coal-tar pitch and stir in powdery straw material, also can add small amounts of phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide auxiliary, the products material optimum mix of tackiness agent and different size is:
Straw aperture 2-2.5mm | Straw aperture 3.5-4mm | High-strength carbon | |
Straw powder (%) | 15-20 | 10-15 | 20-25 |
Wood tar oil (%) | 80-85 | 85-90 | 75-80 |
Temperature (℃) | 60-90 | 60-90 | 60-90 |
5, press forming adopts the electrically heated screw extrusion press or utilizes the high temperature stamping machine to be pressed into diameter 3-5mm column.
6, charing, this technology is divided into two processes, the one, rely on extraneous heat supplied that pyrolysis temperature is risen, the thermal endothermic decomposition stage: the straw particle is added in the special burner hearth of the sealing that completely cuts off with air, progressively heat, reach 120-150 ℃ of beginning pyrolysis, but speed is very slow, contained moisture content in the evaporation straw, and the chemical constitution of straw does not almost change, when temperature above 150 ℃ to 275 ℃, straw enters the pre-charing stage, and pyrolysis is accelerated, and the chemical constitution of straw begins to change, wherein unsettled composition decomposes the generation carbonic acid gas as hemicellulose, carbon monoxide and little acetic acid; The 2nd, rely on thermopositive reaction stage of self liberated heat heat supplied: when temperature surpasses 275 ℃ to 450 ℃, straw advances thermolysis sharp, generate a large amount of degradation productions, contain relatively large acetic acid in the product liquid that generates, methyl alcohol and tar etc., amount of carbon dioxide gradually reduces in the gaseous product that generates, and methane, inflammable gass such as ethene increase gradually, and when temperature surpassed 450 ℃ to 500 ℃, this stage relied on outside heat supplied to carry out the straw carbon calcining, get rid of the volatile matter that remains in the straw carbon, improve the fixed carbon content in the straw carbon, at this moment, the product liquid of generation seldom, form straw carbon at last, be commonly called as carbonized material.
7, activation, why gac has very strong adsorptive power, mainly is that it has special microlitic structure, level is the micropore of prosperity and huge specific surface area, makes the process of micropore formation and expansion be called reactivation process, this technology, finish the back material in charing and in body of heater, continue to move forward, enter the high-temperature activation district, and feed water vapor, temperature is controlled at the 850-900 degree, general 1.5 hours of time activated, and reached the absorption property that strengthens charcoal, charcoal material after the activation is called activated material.
8, cooling, activated material enter cooling tube and are cooled to the following self-emptying of 100 degree in stove.
9, packing warehouse-in, interior plastic film, outer woven bag packing, metering is generally 5kg, 10kg, 20kg, 25kg.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, saved the straw as raw material.1 ton of straw charcoal of original production need consume 3 tons of compression straws; 1 ton of straw gac need consume 3 tons of straw charcoals, promptly amounts to consume 9 tons of compression straws.The present disposable production of finishing needs to consume 5 tons of compression straws, saves 4 tons.2, the consumption of fuel economy coal and electric energy.Twice production of former technology all is to begin to heat from cold burden, and now with once heating, time lengthening just, and the saving coal is about 1/3rd, electric energy 1/3rd.3, labor savings is about four one-tenth.4, save charring furnace, saved investment in fixed assets.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing is technological process of production figure of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in the figure, be raw material with cotton, corn stalk, utilize physical activation method once to produce the novel process of straw gac:
1, hand hay cutter is cut, and the crop stalk hand hay cutter is cut to the particulate state of 10mm size.
2, oven dry, the oven dry of hand hay cutter blank, water content reaches 8%.
3, pulverizing, is the raw material pulverizing after the oven dry 30 purpose meals.
4, mix, the wood tar oil of adding 80% mixes
5, press forming adopts the electrically heated screw extrusion press to be pressed into diameter 5mm column.
6, charing, the straw particle is added in the special burner hearth of the sealing that completely cuts off with air, progressively heat, reach 120 ℃ of beginning pyrolysis, contained moisture content in the evaporation straw, when temperature surpasses 150 ℃ to 275 ℃, straw enters the pre-charing stage, and pyrolysis is accelerated, the chemical constitution of straw begins to change, wherein unsettled composition as hemicellulose, decomposes generation carbonic acid gas, carbon monoxide and little acetic acid.
When temperature surpassed 275 ℃ to 450 ℃, straw advanced thermolysis sharp, generates a large amount of degradation productions, contain relatively large acetic acid in the product liquid that generates, methyl alcohol and tar etc., amount of carbon dioxide gradually reduces in the gaseous product of generation, and inflammable gass such as methane, ethene increase gradually
When temperature surpassed 450 ℃ to 500 ℃, this stage relied on outside heat supplied to carry out the straw carbon calcining, gets rid of the volatile matter that remains in the straw carbon, improve the fixed carbon content in the straw carbon, at this moment, the product liquid of generation seldom, form straw carbon at last, be commonly called as carbonized material.
7, activation finishes the back material in charing and continues to move forward in body of heater, enters the high-temperature activation district, and feeds water vapor, and temperature is controlled at 850 degree, and the time is 1.5 hours, activates, and reaches the absorption property that strengthens charcoal, and the charcoal material after the activation is called activated material.
8, cooling, activated material enter cooling tube and are cooled to the following self-emptying of 100 degree in stove.
9, packing warehouse-in, interior plastic film, outer woven bag are packed, and measure to be every bag 25kg.
Claims (2)
1. utilize physical activation method once to produce the novel process of straw gac, be earlier meal is cut, dries, is ground into to crop stalk raw material hand hay cutter, adding compressed with adhesive then is shaped, put into charring furnace, utilize the gradient of charring furnace 1%-3% to carry out first charing, the postactivated straw gac that once makes.
2. the novel process of utilizing physical activation method once to produce the straw gac according to claim 1 is characterized in that: concrete technology is as follows:
(1) hand hay cutter is cut, and crop stalk raw material hand hay cutter is cut to the particulate state of 5-10mm size;
(2) oven dry, the oven dry of hand hay cutter blank, moisture content is below 10%;
(3) pulverizing, is the raw material pulverizing after the oven dry 10-30 purpose meal;
(4) mix, for improving the intensity of gac, add an amount of wood tar oil or coal-tar pitch and stir in powdery straw material, also can add small amounts of phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide auxiliary, the products material optimum mix of tackiness agent and different size is:
(5) press forming adopts the electrically heated screw extrusion press or utilizes the high temperature stamping machine to be pressed into diameter 3-5mm column;
(6) charing, this technology is divided into two processes, the one, rely on extraneous heat supplied that pyrolysis temperature is risen, the thermal endothermic decomposition stage: the straw particle is added in the special burner hearth of the sealing that completely cuts off with air, progressively heat, reach 120-150 ℃ of beginning pyrolysis, but speed is very slow, contained moisture content in the evaporation straw, and the chemical constitution of straw does not almost change, when temperature above 150 ℃ to 275 ℃, straw enters the pre-charing stage, and pyrolysis is accelerated, and the chemical constitution of straw begins to change, wherein unsettled composition decomposes the generation carbonic acid gas as hemicellulose, carbon monoxide and little acetic acid; The 2nd, rely on thermopositive reaction stage of self liberated heat heat supplied: when temperature surpasses 275 ℃ to 450 ℃, straw advances thermolysis sharp, generate a large amount of degradation productions, contain relatively large acetic acid in the product liquid that generates, methyl alcohol and tar etc., amount of carbon dioxide gradually reduces in the gaseous product that generates, and methane, inflammable gass such as ethene increase gradually, and when temperature surpassed 450 ℃ to 500 ℃, this stage relied on outside heat supplied to carry out the straw carbon calcining, get rid of the volatile matter that remains in the straw carbon, improve the fixed carbon content in the straw carbon, at this moment, the product liquid of generation seldom, form straw carbon at last, be commonly called as carbonized material;
(7) activation, why gac has very strong adsorptive power, mainly is that it has special microlitic structure, level is the micropore of prosperity and huge specific surface area, makes the process of micropore formation and expansion be called reactivation process, this technology, finish the back material in charing and in body of heater, continue to move forward, enter the high-temperature activation district, and feed water vapor, temperature is controlled at the 850-900 degree, general 1.5 hours of time activated, and reached the absorption property that strengthens charcoal, charcoal material after the activation is called activated material;
(8) cooling, activated material enter cooling tube and are cooled to the following self-emptying of 100 degree in stove;
(9) packing warehouse-in, interior plastic film, outer woven bag packing, metering is generally 5kg, 10kg, 20kg, 25kg.
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CN103173231A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-06-26 | 罗金 | Double-carbonization type high-temperature carbon firing method |
CN103232037A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-07 | 江西碧林实业有限公司 | Process for producing active carbon by using steam physical method |
CN103754870A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for preparing coke-based formed activated carbon by using one-step activating method |
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Application publication date: 20110420 |