CN108439403B - Method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and superfine raw materials - Google Patents
Method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and superfine raw materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and ultra-fining raw materials. The method comprises the steps of taking sawdust and bamboo sawdust as raw materials, taking phosphoric acid as an activating agent, carrying out low-temperature pre-pyrolysis treatment on the raw materials, carrying out superfine grinding by using a grinder, mixing the ground raw materials with a phosphoric acid solution, carrying out vacuum kneading, carrying out extrusion hardening, carrying out granulation activation after hardening, carrying out rinsing, filtering, screening and drying after activation, and thus obtaining the finished product of the activated carbon. According to the method, the pore opening is facilitated by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis of the raw materials, the phosphoric acid is conveniently and fully permeated and recovered, the ash content of the activated carbon is reduced, and the phosphoric acid is fully contacted with the raw materials, so that the pore structure of the activated carbon is developed; because part of tar is generated in the pre-pyrolysis process, the strength of the activated carbon is improved in the forming process; after the raw materials are subjected to superfine grinding, the particle sizes are basically the same, and the pore size distribution of the prepared activated carbon is more concentrated; in the vacuum kneading process, air among the particles is removed, the combination among the particles is more compact, and the strength of the activated carbon is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of high-performance biomass-formed activated carbon, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-performance activated carbon by taking sawdust and bamboo chips as raw materials and adding low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and raw material ultra-fining processes before activation.
Background
The formed activated carbon has larger size, controllable shape, higher mechanical strength and stacking density, is more convenient in the processes of storage, transportation and use, has no dust pollution, is easy to meet the purposes of different industries, and can not be replaced by the powdered activated carbon particularly in the field of gas phase adsorption. The traditional biomass forming activated carbon is usually prepared by a phosphoric acid activation method, in the preparation process, sawdust is dried and screened and then mixed with a phosphoric acid solution for activation, low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and raw material ultra-fining treatment are not carried out, and the prepared activated carbon has poor strength (< 90%) and low adsorption performance (iodine adsorption value <900mg/g and methylene blue adsorption value <180mg/g) under the condition of not adding any binder.
Granted patent ZL03125474.8 discloses a preparation method of activated carbon for wooden vehicles, which takes coconut shells, apricot shells and the like as raw materials, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and the like as activating agents, the raw materials (40-100 meshes) are directly mixed and kneaded with the activating agents without low-temperature pre-pyrolysis, and are activated after shaping, the pore volume of 1-5nm of the prepared activated carbon is more than 60%, the adsorption performance on butane is good, but the strength is poor, the strength of columnar activated carbon is 85%, and the strength of spherical activated carbon is 60%. The granted patent CN104628000B discloses a columnar coconut shell activated carbon and a preparation method thereof, coconut shell powder (100-200 meshes) is taken as a raw material, mixed with a binder, added with an activating agent for impregnation and activation, and subjected to extrusion forming and carbonization activation to prepare the activated carbon with high strength and high mesoporous rate, but due to the addition of the binder, part of pores are blocked, the specific surface area and the total pore volume of the prepared activated carbon are smaller, and the adsorption performance is poorer. Granted patent CN103058186B discloses a method for preparing granular activated carbon from wood chips, which uses wood chips as raw material, phosphoric acid as activating agent, and co-catalyst added, the prepared activated carbon has higher strength and comparative area, but the pore size distribution is not concentrated, the mesoporous rate is not high, and the addition of co-catalyst increases the ash content of activated carbon, which has adverse effect on adsorption performance.
Although the patent publications and the literature disclose that the activated carbon with good performance is prepared, the high adsorption performance, the high strength and the concentrated pore size distribution of the activated carbon cannot be realized at the same time, and the activated carbon is essential to the fields of automobile carbon tanks, solvent recovery and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and raw material ultra-fining aiming at the problems of poor adsorption performance, low strength, non-centralized pore size distribution and the like of the existing phosphoric acid method biomass-formed activated carbon products, and the biomass-formed activated carbon with good adsorption performance, high strength and respectively centralized pore sizes is obtained under the condition of not adding any catalyst and binder.
The technical scheme is as follows: a process for preparing the shaped biomass activated carbon by low-temp pre-pyrolysis and superfine pulverizing includes such steps as immersing wood or bamboo bits in solution of activating agent, vacuum kneading, extruding out, solidifying, granulating, high-temp activating, rinsing, filtering, drying and sieving, and features low-temp pre-pyrolysis at 200-300 deg.C and superfine pulverizing<The 200 mesh accounts for more than 85%; the ash content of the biomass forming activated carbon is less than 3%, the strength exceeds 94%, the iodine adsorption value is greater than 1000mg/g, the methylene blue adsorption value is greater than 240mg/g, and the specific surface area is greater than 1500m2(ii)/g, the pore volume of less than 5nm accounts for more than 83% of the total pore volume.
The method for preparing the biomass-formed activated carbon by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and superfine raw materials comprises the steps of taking sawdust as a raw material, then impregnating the sawdust with an activating agent solution, kneading the sawdust in vacuum, extruding, molding, hardening, granulating, activating at high temperature, rinsing, filtering, drying and screening the kneaded material to obtain the biomass-formed activated carbon, wherein before impregnating the sawdust with the activating agent solution, the raw material is subjected to low-temperature pre-pyrolysis treatment and then superfine grinding, wherein the low-temperature pre-pyrolysis temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the grain size after superfine grinding is less than 200 meshes and accounts for more than 85 percent.
The mass ratio of the activator solution to the raw materials is 0.5-3: 1, and mixing.
The vacuum kneading temperature is 100-180 ℃, and the kneading time is 1-5 h.
The molding hardening temperature is 90-150 ℃, and the time is 2-6 h.
The activation temperature is 400 ℃ and 550 ℃, and the activation time is 0.5-3 h.
During rinsing, the solution containing the activating agent is recycled after part of the activating agent is added.
The mass percentage concentration of the activating agent solution is 30-85%.
The activating agent is any one of phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide.
And rinsing until the pH value of the rinsing liquid is 3-6, and drying the product at 150 ℃ to constant weight.
Has the advantages that:
1. the method is simple and convenient to operate, easy to implement, economical and environment-friendly, and capable of recycling the phosphoric acid solution.
2. The low-temperature pre-pyrolysis of the raw materials is beneficial to opening pores, so that the phosphoric acid is conveniently and fully permeated and eluted, the consumption of the phosphoric acid is reduced, the ash content of the activated carbon is reduced, the phosphoric acid is fully contacted with the raw materials, the impregnation and activation efficiency is improved, and the pore structure of the activated carbon is developed; after the raw materials are subjected to superfine grinding, the particle sizes are basically the same, and the pore size distribution of the prepared activated carbon is more concentrated.
3. In the process of pre-pyrolysis of the raw materials, hemicellulose (decomposition temperature of 225-; after the raw materials are crushed, the distance between the particles is reduced, the van der Waals force and the chemical bond acting force between the particles are increased, the strength of the activated carbon is improved, meanwhile, in the vacuum kneading process, the air between the particles is removed, the combination between the particles is more compact, and the strength of the activated carbon is obviously improved; according to the invention, through low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and raw material ultra-fining, under the condition of not adding any catalyst and binder, the biomass-formed activated carbon simultaneously meets the requirements of concentrated mesoporous pore size distribution, high strength and high adsorption performance, and realizes technical breakthrough.
4. The phosphoric acid method activated carbon prepared by the invention has the characteristics of strong adsorption capacity, low desorption residue, concentrated pore size distribution (mainly with the pore size less than 5 nm), low ash content, high strength and the like, and can be used in the fields of automobile carbon tanks, VOCs treatment, organic solvent recovery, gas refining, catalyst carriers and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and ultra-fining raw materials.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the aperture distribution of example 1.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The wood dust is taken as a raw material, phosphoric acid is taken as an activating agent, the wood dust is screened to remove sand and dust, the wood dust is subjected to constant-temperature pre-pyrolysis in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 200-300 ℃ for 2-5h, the raw material is subjected to low-temperature pre-pyrolysis treatment and then is crushed by a high-speed crusher, and the crushed particle size is smaller than 200 meshes and accounts for more than 85%. The mass ratio of pure phosphoric acid to the raw materials is 0.5-3: 1, mixing and dipping, wherein the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 30-85%, and vacuum kneading is carried out in a vacuum kneader with the temperature of 100-180 ℃, after the kneading is finished, the kneaded material is put into a forming machine for extrusion, and is hardened in an oven with the temperature of 90-150 ℃ for 2-6h, after the hardening, the hardened material is cut into particles with the length of less than 1cm, and the particles are transferred into a muffle furnace with the temperature of 400-550 ℃ for constant temperature activation for 0.5-3 h. And taking out after activation, rinsing with boiling water, recovering the phosphoric acid solution at the same time until the pH value of the rinsing solution is 3-6, filtering, drying the product in a drying oven at 150 ℃ to constant weight, and screening to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon. After rinsing, the rinsing liquid containing phosphoric acid can be reused after adding part of phosphoric acid.
The preferable process condition is that the low-temperature pre-pyrolysis temperature of the raw material is 230-270 ℃.
Preferably, the raw material is pulverized by an ultrafine pulverizer, and the pulverized raw material has a particle size of less than 200 meshes and accounts for more than 85%.
The preferable process conditions are that the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 50% -70%, and the mass ratio of the phosphoric acid solution to the wood chips is 1.5: 1.
the preferable technological conditions are that the kneading temperature is 140 ℃, the kneading state is vacuum pumping, and the kneading time is 3 h.
The preferable technological conditions are that in the activation procedure, the activation temperature is 500 ℃, and the activation time is 1.5-2 h.
Example 1
Weighing 120g of dried raw materials, pre-pyrolyzing the raw materials in a muffle furnace at 270 ℃ for 3h, crushing the raw materials by a crusher, mixing the raw materials with a phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 55% according to the impregnation ratio (the mass ratio of pure phosphoric acid to absolutely dry raw materials, the same is shown in the following examples) of 1.5:1, carrying out vacuum kneading in a vacuum kneader at 140 ℃, putting the kneaded materials into a forming machine to be extruded after the kneading is finished, hardening the kneaded materials in an oven at 120 ℃ for 3h, and transferring the kneaded materials into the muffle furnace at 500 ℃ to be activated for 2h at constant temperature. And taking out after activation, rinsing with boiling water until the pH value is 3-6, filtering, and drying in an oven at 150 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon. Through the test: the prepared activated carbon has an iodine adsorption value of 1128.43mg/g, a methylene blue adsorption value of 255mg/g, ash content of 1.28 percent, strength of 96.73 percent, butane working capacity of 15.5g/100mL, butane adhesion of 1.52g/100mL, and a pore volume with a pore diameter of less than 5nm accounting for 84.92 percent of the total pore volume.
Example 2
Weighing 120g of dried raw materials, pre-pyrolyzing the raw materials in a muffle furnace at 270 ℃ for 3h, crushing the raw materials by a crusher, mixing the raw materials with a phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 55% according to the impregnation ratio (the mass ratio of pure phosphoric acid to absolutely dry raw materials, the same is shown in the following examples) of 1.5:1, carrying out vacuum kneading in a vacuum kneader at 140 ℃, putting the kneaded materials into a forming machine to be extruded after the kneading is finished, hardening the kneaded materials in an oven at 120 ℃ for 3h, and transferring the kneaded materials into the muffle furnace at 500 ℃ to be activated for 2h at constant temperature. And taking out after activation, rinsing with boiling water until the pH value is 3-6, filtering, and drying in an oven at 150 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon. Through the test: the prepared activated carbon has an iodine adsorption value of 1210.25mg/g, a methylene blue adsorption value of 240mg/g, ash content of 1.74 percent, strength of 94.73 percent, butane working capacity of 17.9g/100mL, butane adhesion of 1.83g/100mL, and a pore volume with a pore diameter of less than 5nm accounting for 85.27 percent of the total pore volume.
Example 3
Weighing 120g of dried raw materials, pre-pyrolyzing the raw materials in a muffle furnace at 250 ℃ for 3h, crushing the raw materials by a crusher, mixing the raw materials with a phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 80% according to the impregnation ratio (the mass ratio of pure phosphoric acid to absolutely dry raw materials, the same is shown in the following examples) of 1.5:1, carrying out vacuum kneading in a vacuum kneader at 140 ℃, putting the kneaded materials into a forming machine to be extruded after the kneading is finished, hardening the kneaded materials in an oven at 120 ℃ for 3h, and transferring the kneaded materials into the muffle furnace at 550 ℃ to be activated for 1.5h at constant temperature. And taking out after activation, rinsing with boiling water until the pH value is 3-6, filtering, and drying in an oven at 150 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon. Through the test: the prepared activated carbon has an iodine adsorption value of 1163.24mg/g, a methylene blue adsorption value of 255mg/g, ash content of 2.06%, strength of 96.2%, butane working capacity of 16.2g/100mL, butane adhesion of 1.67g/100mL, and a pore volume with a pore diameter less than 5nm accounting for 84.51% of the total pore volume.
Example 4
Weighing 120g of dried raw materials, pre-pyrolyzing the raw materials in a muffle furnace at 230 ℃ for 3h, crushing the raw materials by a crusher, mixing the raw materials with a phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 55% according to the impregnation ratio (the mass ratio of pure phosphoric acid to absolutely dry raw materials, the same is shown in the following examples) of 1.5:1, carrying out vacuum kneading in a vacuum kneader at 140 ℃, putting the kneaded materials into a forming machine to be extruded after the kneading is finished, hardening the kneaded materials in an oven at 120 ℃ for 3h, and transferring the kneaded materials into the muffle furnace at 450 ℃ to be activated for 1h at constant temperature. And taking out after activation, rinsing with boiling water until the pH value is 3-6, filtering, and drying in an oven at 150 ℃ until the weight is constant to obtain the finished product of the activated carbon. Through the test: the prepared activated carbon has an iodine adsorption value of 1073.25mg/g, a methylene blue adsorption value of 270mg/g, ash content of 1.32%, strength of 95.47%, butane working capacity of 15.8g/100mL, butane adhesion of 1.32g/100mL, and a pore volume with a pore diameter less than 5nm accounting for 83.64% of the total pore volume.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modifications made on the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. A biomass-forming activated carbon prepared by low-temperature pre-pyrolysis and superfine raw materials is characterized in that sawdust is used as a raw material, then the sawdust is impregnated by an activating agent solution and is kneaded in vacuum, then the kneaded material is extruded, molded, hardened, granulated, activated at high temperature, rinsed, filtered, dried and sieved to obtain the biomass-forming activated carbon, and before the raw material is impregnated by the activating agent solution, the raw material is subjected to low-temperature pre-pyrolysis treatmentThen carrying out superfine grinding, wherein the low-temperature pre-pyrolysis temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the particle size after superfine grinding<Over 85% of 200 mesh, activating agent is phosphoric acid; the ash content of the biomass forming activated carbon is less than 3%, the strength exceeds 94%, the iodine adsorption value is greater than 1000mg/g, the methylene blue adsorption value is greater than 240mg/g, and the specific surface area is greater than 1500m2(ii)/g, the pore volume of less than 5nm accounts for more than 83% of the total pore volume.
2. The method for preparing the biomass-formed activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, which comprises using wood chips as raw materials, impregnating with an activating agent solution, kneading in vacuum, extruding and molding the kneaded material for hardening, granulating, activating at high temperature, rinsing, filtering, drying and screening, and is characterized in that before impregnating with the activating agent solution, the raw materials are subjected to low-temperature pre-pyrolysis treatment and then superfine grinding, wherein the low-temperature pre-pyrolysis temperature is 200-300 ℃, the particle size after superfine grinding is more than 85% of 200 meshes, and the activating agent is phosphoric acid.
3. The method for preparing the biomass briquette activated carbon according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the activator solution to the raw material is 0.5-3: 1, and mixing.
4. The method for preparing biomass briquette activated carbon as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vacuum kneading temperature is 100-180 ℃ and the kneading time is 1-5 h.
5. The method for preparing the biomass briquette activated carbon according to claim 2, wherein the molding hardening temperature is 90-150 ℃ and the time is 2-6 h.
6. The method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon as claimed in claim 2, wherein the activation temperature is 400-550 ℃, and the activation time is 0.5-3 h.
7. The method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon according to claim 2, wherein the solution containing the activating agent is recovered during rinsing and is reused after adding part of the activating agent.
8. The method for preparing biomass-formed activated carbon according to claim 2, wherein the activator solution is at a concentration of 30-85% by mass.
9. The method for preparing the biomass-formed activated carbon according to claim 2, wherein the product is dried at 150 ℃ to constant weight after rinsing until the pH value of a rinsing solution is 3-6.
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| CN109292773A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-01 | 张俊霞 | A kind of active carbon and its preparation method and application using trees preparation |
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| CN113753891A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-07 | 福建省鑫森炭业股份有限公司 | Wooden activated carbon for vehicle carbon tank and preparation technology |
| CN113912058B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-25 | 青岛华世洁环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of honeycomb activated carbon |
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