CN114439563B - Compressed air energy storage system and method for sliding pressure expansion - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage system and method for sliding pressure expansion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114439563B CN114439563B CN202210065841.5A CN202210065841A CN114439563B CN 114439563 B CN114439563 B CN 114439563B CN 202210065841 A CN202210065841 A CN 202210065841A CN 114439563 B CN114439563 B CN 114439563B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of air energy storage, in particular to a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system and a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method. The air conditioning branch comprises an auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger, wherein two ends of a high-temperature side runner of the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger are respectively connected with a high-temperature circulating pump and a low-temperature heat accumulator, an inlet end of a low-temperature side runner of the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger is connected with a gas storage device, and an outlet end of the low-temperature side runner of the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with an air inlet of a high-pressure air expander and an air inlet of a low-pressure air expander through flow adjusting devices. According to the sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system and the sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method, the variable working condition heat exchange efficiency is improved, the output force of the whole unit can be kept stable, and the efficiency of the whole system is improved; the variable working condition operation capability requirement of the heat exchange equipment is lower, and the technical difficulty and cost of the system are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air energy storage, in particular to a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system and a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method.
Background
The storage of energy, especially electric energy, has great significance for energy structure optimization and power grid operation regulation. The compressed air energy storage system is a novel large-scale energy storage technology, the working principle is similar to that of pumped storage, when the electricity consumption of the electric power system is in a valley, the electric energy is consumed to drive the air compressor, and the energy is stored in the air storage device in the form of compressed air; when the electricity load of the electric power system reaches a peak, the gas storage device releases the stored compressed air, and the compressed air expands in the turbine expander to do work and drives the generator to generate electricity; according to the principle, the compressed air energy storage system can be used for converting electric energy, air potential energy and electric energy.
The compressed air storage device for the compressed air energy storage system is generally of a fixed-volume type, and according to a gas state equation, in the deflation process of the fixed-volume pressure container, the gas pressure in the pressure container continuously decreases along with the deflation process due to the reduction of the gas quantity. Because of this continuous pressure drop during deflation of the fixed-volume compressed air storage device, the air expander, which is a critical device for expansion and release of compressed air, needs to have a sliding pressure operation capability. For the scene of larger pressure change in the air storage device air discharge process, when the air supply pressure is severely reduced, the air expander generally adopts a mode of gradually merging air from a high-pressure inlet to a low-pressure inlet in order to ensure the stable output of the unit. At this time, the conventional heat exchange system cannot meet the high-efficiency heat exchange requirement when the air quantity of each stage of air expander is greatly changed, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the system is seriously reduced, and the operation efficiency of the system is further influenced; the ultra-wide variable working condition heat exchange equipment is specially developed, on one hand, the technical difficulty is high, and meanwhile, the system cost is greatly increased, so that the technical economy of the system is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of large variable working condition operation interval, low heat exchange efficiency and low system efficiency of the heat exchanger in the sliding pressure operation process of the air expansion unit in the prior art, thereby providing a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system and a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method.
The invention provides a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system, comprising:
the air compression branch comprises an air compressor, a high-temperature side runner of a heat storage heat exchanger and a gas storage device which are sequentially connected in series;
the heat circulation loop consists of a low-temperature heat accumulator, a low-temperature circulation pump, a low-temperature side flow channel of the heat accumulation heat exchanger, a high-temperature heat accumulator, a high-temperature circulation pump and a heat return branch which are sequentially connected in series from end to end, wherein the heat return branch is formed by connecting a high-temperature side flow channel of the high-pressure heat return heat exchanger and a high-temperature side flow channel of the low-pressure heat return heat exchanger in parallel;
the air expansion branch comprises a gas storage device, a low-temperature side flow passage of the high-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger, a high-pressure air expander, a low-temperature side flow passage of the low-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger and a low-pressure air expander which are sequentially connected in series;
the air conditioning branch comprises an auxiliary backheating heat exchanger, wherein two ends of a high-temperature side flow channel of the auxiliary backheating heat exchanger are respectively connected with the high-temperature circulating pump and the low-temperature heat accumulator, an inlet end of a low-temperature side flow channel of the auxiliary backheating heat exchanger is connected with the gas storage device, and an outlet end of a low-temperature side flow channel of the auxiliary backheating heat exchanger is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with an air inlet of the high-pressure air expansion machine through a flow regulating device and an air inlet of the low-pressure air expansion machine.
Optionally, a gas-liquid separator is connected in series between the high-temperature side flow channel of the heat storage heat exchanger and the gas storage device.
Optionally, the flow regulating device is a regulating valve.
Optionally, the air compressors are provided with a plurality of air compressors connected in series, and the heat storage heat exchanger is provided with one air compressor and is connected in series behind the plurality of air compressors, or the heat storage heat exchanger is provided with at least two air compressors and is connected in series behind the plurality of air compressors and between two adjacent air compressors.
Optionally, the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger is provided with at least two auxiliary regenerative heat exchangers which are connected in parallel or in series.
The invention provides a sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method, which comprises the following specific steps:
defining the air inlet pressure range of the high-pressure air expander as a high-pressure zone, and defining the air inlet pressure range of the low-pressure air expander as a low-pressure zone;
in the high-pressure section, the opening degree of the flow control device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander is gradually increased to the maximum opening degree, and the flow control device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander is closed;
in the low pressure section, the flow control device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander gradually reduces the opening degree to be closed, and the flow control device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander gradually increases the opening degree to be maximum;
and when the air outlet pressure of the air storage device is smaller than the corresponding pressure value of the low-pressure region, ending the energy release.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system provided by the invention is provided with the air conditioning branch, the air conditioning branch can further heat the air discharged by the air storage device, and the flow rate of air entering the high-pressure air expander and the low-pressure air expander is controlled by the flow control device. On one hand, the stability of the heat exchange equipment on the air expansion branch in the air flow range is ensured, and on the other hand, the air flow change requirements of different air expansion stages are met, so that the output of the whole unit can be kept stable while the heat exchange efficiency under variable working conditions is improved, and the efficiency of the whole system is further improved; the wider variable working condition range is divided into two smaller variable working condition ranges by the adjusting branch, and the variable working condition ranges are respectively born by the high/low pressure regenerative heat exchanger and the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger, so that the variable working condition operation capability requirement of the heat exchange equipment is lower, and the variable working condition operation capability of the heat exchange equipment is easy to realize by adopting conventional heat exchange equipment, thereby reducing the technical difficulty and the cost of the system.
2. The sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system provided by the invention is provided with a plurality of auxiliary regenerative heat exchangers, so that the multiple separation of a larger variable working condition range can be realized, finer variable working condition adjustment can be realized, and the heat exchange efficiency and the system efficiency can be further improved.
3. The sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method provided by the invention has any one of the advantages because the sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method is realized based on the compressed air energy storage system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compression energy storage system with sliding expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate:
1. an air compressor; 2. a heat storage heat exchanger; 3. a gas-liquid separator; 4. a gas storage device; 5. a high pressure regenerative heat exchanger; 6. a high pressure air expander; 7. a low pressure recuperator; 8. a low pressure air expander; 9. a low temperature heat accumulator; 10. a low-temperature circulating pump; 11. a high temperature heat accumulator; 12. a high-temperature circulating pump; 13. an auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger; v1, a high-pressure flow regulating valve; v2, a low-pressure flow regulating valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a compressed air energy storage system for sliding expansion, comprising:
the air compression branch comprises an air compressor 1, a high-temperature side runner of a heat storage heat exchanger 2 and a gas storage device 4 which are sequentially connected in series; the heat circulation loop consists of a low-temperature heat accumulator 9, a low-temperature circulation pump 10, a low-temperature side flow passage of the heat accumulation heat exchanger 2, a high-temperature heat accumulator 11, a high-temperature circulation pump 12 and a heat return branch which are sequentially connected in series from end to end, wherein the heat return branch is formed by connecting a high-temperature side flow passage of the high-pressure heat return heat exchanger 5 and a high-temperature side flow passage of the low-pressure heat return heat exchanger 7 in parallel; the air expansion branch comprises a gas storage device 4, a low-temperature side flow passage of a high-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger 5, a high-pressure air expander 6, a low-temperature side flow passage of the low-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger 7 and a low-pressure air expander 8 which are sequentially connected in series; the air conditioning branch comprises an auxiliary backheating heat exchanger 13, wherein two ends of a high-temperature side flow channel of the auxiliary backheating heat exchanger 13 are respectively connected with a high-temperature circulating pump 12 and a low-temperature heat accumulator 9, an inlet end of a low-temperature side flow channel of the auxiliary backheating heat exchanger 13 is connected with the air storage device 4, and an outlet end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the auxiliary backheating heat exchanger 13 is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with an air inlet of the high-pressure air expansion machine 6 and an air inlet of the low-pressure air expansion machine 8 through flow adjusting devices. The heat storage heat exchanger 2, the high-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger 5 and the low-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger 7 are composed of a high-temperature side flow channel and a low-temperature side flow channel.
In the present embodiment, the air compressor 1 is driven by an electric motor; in other embodiments, the air compressor 1 may be driven by other mechanisms such as a pneumatic motor and a hydraulic motor.
In the embodiment, a liquid working medium is adopted as a heat carrier filled in the thermal circulation loop; in other embodiments, the heat carrier filled in the thermal circulation loop can also adopt flowable granular heat storage working medium.
In this embodiment, the flow rate adjusting device is an adjusting valve; in other embodiments, the flow regulator may be other commonly used structures with flow regulating functions, such as a flow regulator. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the flow rate adjusting device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander 6 is the high-pressure flow rate adjusting valve V1, and the flow rate adjusting device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander 8 is the low-pressure flow rate adjusting valve V2.
In this embodiment, the compression process is unipolar compression, the expansion process is bipolar series expansion, and the high-pressure regenerative heat exchanger 5, the low-pressure regenerative heat exchanger 7 and the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger 13 are all of a single design. According to practical application requirements, the compression process can also adopt a conventional multistage serial compression and interstage/stage post heat exchange and heat accumulation flow, namely, the air compressors 1 are provided with a plurality of heat accumulation heat exchangers which are mutually connected in series, the heat accumulation heat exchanger 2 is provided with one heat accumulation heat exchanger and is connected in series behind the plurality of air compressors 1, or the heat accumulation heat exchanger 2 is provided with at least two heat accumulation heat exchangers which are connected in series behind the plurality of air compressors 1 and between the adjacent two air compressors 1; the expansion process can also expand the series by adding a plurality of regenerative heat exchangers and expansion machines which are connected in series; correspondingly, finer variable-condition flow regulation can also be achieved by providing two or more auxiliary recuperators 13 in parallel or in series with each other.
The energy storage process of the compressed air energy storage system of this embodiment is described in detail below:
the air compressor 1 is operated by a motor to suck in ambient air and compress it into high-temperature compressed gas; the high-temperature compressed gas then enters a high-temperature side flow of the heat storage heat exchanger 2, and meanwhile, a low-temperature heat carrier in the low-temperature heat storage 9 enters a low-temperature side flow of the heat storage heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange under the drive of a low-temperature circulating pump 10, and the high-temperature compressed air is cooled to form low-temperature compressed air, and the low-temperature compressed air continuously flows downstream and enters the gas storage device 4 for storage for later use; the low-temperature heat carrier absorbs heat and heats up to form the high-temperature heat carrier, and the high-temperature heat carrier enters the high-temperature heat accumulator 11 for storage for standby.
The energy release process of the compressed air energy storage system of this embodiment is described in detail below:
in the energy release process, the air supply pressure of the air storage device 4 is continuously reduced and can be divided into a high-pressure region and a low-pressure region. The high pressure section, i.e. the range of the intake pressure of the high pressure air expander 6, below which the high pressure air expander 6 cannot ensure stable system output by increasing the intake; the low pressure section, i.e., the range of the intake pressure of the low pressure air expander 8, below which the low pressure air expander 8 cannot ensure stable system output by increasing the intake.
When the energy release process in the high-pressure region begins, namely when the air storage device 4 just begins to deflate, the compressed air potential energy is high, and the expansion function is high, so that the stable output requirement of the system can be met by only needing smaller air flow. At this time, the high-pressure flow regulating device V1 and the low-pressure flow regulating device V2 are both in a closed state, the high-temperature heat carrier in the high-temperature heat accumulator 11 is driven by the high-temperature circulating pump 12 to enter the high-pressure regenerative heat exchanger and the low-pressure regenerative heat exchanger 7 respectively, and the exhaust gas of the gas storage device 4 is directly subjected to regenerative heat, expansion and discharge into the atmosphere sequentially through the air expansion branch; as the pressure in the air storage device 4 decreases, the air expansion process needs to offset the decrease of the air potential energy by increasing the expansion air quantity so as to maintain the stable output of the system, therefore, the opening of the high-pressure flow regulating valve V1 gradually increases from closing to maximum opening along with the decrease of the air supply pressure of the air storage device 4.
When the air supply pressure of the air storage device 4 starts to deviate from the designed air inlet pressure range of the high-pressure air expander 6 seriously, the high-pressure air expander 6 cannot ensure the stable output of the system by increasing the air intake, and the energy release process enters a low-pressure interval. The opening of the low-pressure flow regulating valve V2 is gradually opened from closed, and the opening of the high-pressure flow regulating valve V1 is gradually closed from full-open, so that the air inflow of the low-pressure air expander 8 is increased, the stable system output is maintained until the high-pressure flow regulating valve V1 is completely closed and the low-pressure flow regulating valve V2 is completely opened; when the low-pressure air expander 8 can not meet the system output stable requirement by lifting the air inflow any more, the energy release process is ended.
As an improved embodiment: a gas-liquid separator 3 is connected in series between the high-temperature side flow passage of the heat storage heat exchanger 2 and the gas storage device 4. Because the compressed air may precipitate liquid after cooling, the low-temperature compressed air can be stored in the gas storage device 4 for standby after being dehydrated through the gas-liquid separator 3.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention also provides a compressed air energy storage method by sliding pressure expansion, which comprises the following steps:
defining the air inlet pressure range of the high-pressure air expander 6 as a high-pressure zone, and defining the air inlet pressure range of the low-pressure air expander 8 as a low-pressure zone; the high pressure region and the low pressure region are two continuous pressure regions, namely, the air supply pressure is gradually reduced from the high pressure region to the low pressure region in the air discharging process of the air storage device 4; in the high-pressure section, the opening degree of the flow control device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander 6 is gradually increased to the maximum opening degree, and the flow control device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander 8 is closed; in the low pressure section, the flow control device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander 6 gradually decreases the opening degree to be closed, and the flow control device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander 8 gradually increases the opening degree to be maximum; and when the air outlet pressure of the air storage device 4 is smaller than the corresponding pressure value of the low-pressure interval, the energy release is finished.
According to the sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage system and the sliding pressure expansion compressed air energy storage method, on one hand, stability of heat exchange equipment on an air expansion branch in an air flow range is guaranteed, on the other hand, air quantity change requirements of different air expansion stages are met, and the variable working condition heat exchange efficiency is improved, and meanwhile the output of the whole unit can be kept stable, so that the efficiency of the whole system is improved; because the regulating branch divides the wider variable working condition range into two smaller variable working condition ranges, the variable working condition operation capability requirement of the heat exchange equipment is lower and the conventional heat exchange equipment is easy to realize through the high-low pressure regenerative heat exchanger 7 and the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger 13, thereby reducing the technical difficulty and the cost of the system.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of a compressed air energy storage system based on sliding pressure expansion, comprising:
the air compression branch comprises an air compressor (1), a high-temperature side flow passage of a heat storage heat exchanger (2) and a gas storage device (4) which are sequentially connected in series;
the heat circulation loop consists of a low-temperature heat accumulator (9), a low-temperature circulation pump (10), a low-temperature side flow channel of a heat accumulation heat exchanger (2), a high-temperature heat accumulator (11), a high-temperature circulation pump (12) and a heat return branch which are sequentially connected in series from end to end, wherein the heat return branch is formed by connecting a high-temperature side flow channel of a high-pressure heat return heat exchanger (5) and a high-temperature side flow channel of a low-pressure heat return heat exchanger (7) in parallel;
the air expansion branch comprises a gas storage device (4), a low-temperature side flow passage of the high-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger (5), a high-pressure air expander (6), a low-temperature side flow passage of the low-pressure heat recovery heat exchanger (7) and a low-pressure air expander (8) which are sequentially connected in series;
the air conditioning branch comprises an auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger (13), wherein two ends of a high-temperature side runner of the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger (13) are respectively connected with the high-temperature circulating pump (12) and the low-temperature heat accumulator (9), an inlet end of a low-temperature side runner of the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger (13) is connected with the air storage device (4), and an outlet end of the low-temperature side runner of the auxiliary regenerative heat exchanger (13) is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with an air inlet of the high-pressure air expander (6) and an air inlet of the low-pressure air expander (8) through flow adjusting devices;
defining an air inlet pressure range of the high-pressure air expander (6) as a high-pressure zone, and defining an air inlet pressure range of the low-pressure air expander (8) as a low-pressure zone;
in the high-pressure section, the opening degree of the flow control device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander (6) is gradually increased to the maximum opening degree, and the flow control device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander (8) is closed;
in the low pressure section, the opening degree of the flow control device corresponding to the high-pressure air expander (6) is gradually reduced to be closed, and the opening degree of the flow control device corresponding to the low-pressure air expander (8) is gradually increased to be maximum;
and when the air outlet pressure of the air storage device (4) is smaller than the corresponding pressure value of the low-pressure region, ending the energy release.
2. The method of a compressed air energy storage system based on sliding pressure expansion according to claim 1, wherein a gas-liquid separator (3) is connected in series between the high temperature side flow passage of the heat storage heat exchanger (2) and the gas storage device (4).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow regulating device is a regulating valve.
4. A method of a compressed air energy storage system based on sliding pressure expansion according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein:
the air compressor (1) is provided with a plurality of air compressors which are mutually connected in series;
the heat storage heat exchanger (2) is provided with one heat storage heat exchanger and is connected in series behind the plurality of air compressors (1), or the heat storage heat exchanger (2) is provided with at least two heat storage heat exchangers and is connected in series behind the plurality of air compressors (1) and between the two adjacent air compressors (1).
5. A method of a compressed air energy storage system based on sliding pressure expansion according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the auxiliary recuperator (13) is provided with at least two and is connected in parallel or in series with each other.
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| DE102005022961A1 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-23 | Andreas Hentschel | Bivalent process to operate piston engine using conventional liquid fuel aided by compressed air and exhaust gas heat recovery |
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