CN112283079A - Compressed air energy storage system with air storage tank heat regeneration system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Compressed air energy storage system with air storage tank heat regeneration system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112283079A
CN112283079A CN202011287826.2A CN202011287826A CN112283079A CN 112283079 A CN112283079 A CN 112283079A CN 202011287826 A CN202011287826 A CN 202011287826A CN 112283079 A CN112283079 A CN 112283079A
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China
Prior art keywords
compressed air
temperature
storage tank
outlet
control valve
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Pending
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CN202011287826.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张世海
文贤馗
马新惠
邓彤天
钟晶亮
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Guizhou Chuangxing Electric Power Science Research Institute Co ltd
Guizhou Power Grid Co Ltd
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Guizhou Chuangxing Electric Power Science Research Institute Co ltd
Guizhou Power Grid Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011287826.2A priority Critical patent/CN112283079A/en
Publication of CN112283079A publication Critical patent/CN112283079A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank regenerative system and a control method thereof, wherein the compressed air energy storage system comprises a compressed air storage tank, a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein an outlet of the cold storage tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature drop control valve; one path is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature outlet valve, and the outlet of the low-temperature outlet valve is connected with the inlet of the cold accumulation tank. In the compressed air energy storage stage, the energy storage capacity of the compressed air energy storage is effectively improved; in the energy release stage, the working capacity of the compressed air storage is effectively improved, so that the electricity-electricity conversion efficiency of the compressed air storage is integrally improved.

Description

Compressed air energy storage system with air storage tank heat regeneration system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank heat regeneration system and a control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of compressed air energy storage systems.
Background
The compressed air energy storage mode is characterized in that the energy storage capacity is consumed in the low ebb of electricity consumption, the expander is used for doing work to drive the generator to generate electricity in the peak of electricity consumption, and the compressed air energy storage mode has the advantages of large energy storage scale, long storage period, small environmental pollution and the like, and is considered to be one of large-scale energy storage technologies with development prospects.
The compressed air energy storage comprises an energy storage stage and an energy release stage, wherein in the energy storage stage, the air compressor extracts air pressure through air in a compressed environment and stores high-pressure air in a compressed air storage tank or a salt cavern. Compressed air in the compressed air storage tank or the salt cavern is subjected to work by compressed air at the outlet of the air compressor, so that the temperature is higher and higher, and the mass of the stored working medium is reduced when the volume and the pressure are constant according to an ideal gas equation, so that the energy storage capacity of the system is reduced.
In the energy releasing stage, because the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank or the salt cavern does work outwards, the temperature of the compressed air storage tank or the salt cavern can be gradually reduced, and according to an ideal gas equation, the lower the temperature is, the more the working medium mass can be stored when the volume and the pressure are constant, and thus the working capacity of the system is reduced.
In order to fully utilize the energy storage and work applying capacity of the system and provide the electricity-electricity conversion efficiency of the energy storage of the compressed air, the temperature of a compressed air storage tank or a salt cavern needs to be regulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the compressed air energy storage system with the air storage tank heat recovery system and the control method thereof are provided, the temperature of the compressed air storage tank in the compressed air energy storage stage and the energy release stage is adjusted and controlled by arranging the heat exchanger on the compressed air energy storage tank and utilizing the adjusting characteristic of the adjusting valve, the problem that the energy storage capacity of the traditional compressed air energy storage system is reduced due to the temperature rise of the compressed air storage tank in the energy storage stage is solved, and the problem that the work capacity of the traditional compressed air energy storage system is reduced due to the temperature reduction of the compressed air storage tank in the energy release stage is also solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank regenerative system comprises a compressed air storage tank, a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein an outlet of the cold storage tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature drop control valve; one path is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature outlet valve, and the outlet of the low-temperature outlet valve is connected with the inlet of the cold accumulation tank.
Preferably, the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank is connected to a plurality of expansion machines which are connected in series, the expansion machine at the leftmost side is provided with an air outlet, the expansion machines are connected through a transmission shaft, and the expansion machine at the rightmost side is connected with the generator through the transmission shaft; the air inlet of the compressed air storage tank is connected with a plurality of air compressors in series, the air compressors are connected through transmission shafts, and the air compressor on the rightmost side is connected with a transmission shaft of the motor.
Preferably, a first heat exchanger is installed on a connecting gas path between the adjacent gas compressors, and the first heat exchanger is further connected to the heat storage tank and the heat storage tank.
Preferably, a second heat exchanger is installed on the connecting gas path between the adjacent expanders, and the second heat exchanger is further connected to the heat storage tank and the heat storage tank.
Preferably, the number of the cold accumulation tanks is more than or equal to one.
Preferably, the number of the heat storage tanks is one or more.
Preferably, the number of the compressed air tanks is equal to or greater than one.
Preferably, the temperature drop control valve is controlled manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
Preferably, the temperature rise control valve is controlled manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
Preferably, the temperature drop control valve is a regulating valve type, and can be operated and maintained at any opening degree.
Preferably, the temperature rise control valve is of a regulating valve type and can be operated and maintained at any opening degree.
Preferably, the heat exchanger is of a plate, tube or heat pipe type.
A method of controlling a compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system, the method comprising the steps of:
an energy storage stage:
step one, closing a temperature rise control valve, closing a low-temperature outlet valve and opening a high-temperature outlet valve;
secondly, starting the air compressor, and enabling compressed air from the air compressor to enter a compressed air storage tank after passing through a heat exchanger;
step three, gradually opening the large temperature drop control valve when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is higher than the set temperature, and gradually closing the small temperature drop control valve when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is lower than or equal to the set temperature;
energy release stage:
step one, closing a temperature drop control valve, closing a high-temperature outlet valve, and opening a low-temperature outlet valve of the high-temperature outlet valve;
step two, opening an expander inlet valve, and enabling compressed air to enter the expander from a compressed air storage tank through a heat exchanger;
and step three, gradually opening the large temperature rise control valve when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is lower than the set temperature, and gradually closing the small temperature rise control valve when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is higher than or equal to the set temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the temperature of the compressed air storage tank is adjusted and controlled in the compressed air energy storage stage and the energy release stage by arranging the heat exchanger on the compressed air energy storage tank and utilizing the adjusting characteristic of the adjusting valve, and the temperature of the compressed air storage tank is not increased along with the increase of the air storage quantity of the compressed air energy storage tank by controlling the temperature of the compressed air storage tank not to be higher than a set value in the compressed air energy storage stage, so that the energy storage capacity of the compressed air energy storage is effectively improved; in the energy releasing stage, the temperature of the compressed air storage tank is controlled not to be lower than a set value, so that the temperature of the compressed air storage tank is not reduced along with the reduction of the air storage amount of the compressed air energy storage tank, the working capacity of the compressed air storage is effectively improved, and the electricity-electricity conversion efficiency of the compressed air storage is integrally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure in which a compressed air storage tank is replaced with a salt cavern.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank heat recovery system comprises a compressed air storage tank, a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein an outlet of the cold storage tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature drop control valve 31, an outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature rise control valve 34, an outlet of the temperature drop control valve 31 is intersected with an outlet of the temperature rise control valve 34 and connected with an inlet of a heat exchanger 30 of the compressed air storage tank, an outlet of the heat exchanger 30 of the compressed air storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an inlet of a high temperature outlet valve 32, and an outlet of the high temperature outlet valve 32; one path is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature outlet valve 33, and an outlet of the low-temperature outlet valve 33 is connected with an inlet of a cold accumulation tank.
Preferably, the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank is connected to a plurality of expansion machines which are connected in series, the expansion machine at the leftmost side is provided with an air outlet, the expansion machines are connected through a transmission shaft, and the expansion machine at the rightmost side is connected with the generator through the transmission shaft; the air inlet of the compressed air storage tank is connected with a plurality of air compressors in series, the air compressors are connected through transmission shafts, and the air compressor on the rightmost side is connected with a transmission shaft of the motor.
Preferably, a first heat exchanger is installed on a connecting gas path between the adjacent gas compressors, and the first heat exchanger is further connected to the heat storage tank and the heat storage tank.
Preferably, a second heat exchanger is installed on the connecting gas path between the adjacent expanders, and the second heat exchanger is further connected to the heat storage tank and the heat storage tank.
Preferably, the number of the cold accumulation tanks is more than or equal to one.
Preferably, the number of the heat storage tanks is one or more.
Preferably, the number of the compressed air tanks is equal to or greater than one.
Preferably, the temperature drop control valve is controlled manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
Preferably, the temperature rise control valve is controlled manually, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
Preferably, the temperature drop control valve is a regulating valve type, and can be operated and maintained at any opening degree.
Preferably, the temperature rise control valve is of a regulating valve type and can be operated and maintained at any opening degree.
Preferably, the heat exchanger is of a plate, tube or heat pipe type.
A control method of a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank heat recovery system comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
step one, closing the temperature rise control valve 34, closing the low-temperature outlet valve 33 and opening the high-temperature outlet valve 32;
secondly, starting the air compressor, and enabling compressed air from the air compressor to enter a compressed air storage tank after passing through a heat exchanger;
step three,
When t is1≥t0When the temperature is + epsilon, gradually opening the large temperature drop control valve 31;
when t is1≤t0When epsilon, gradually closing the temperature drop control valve 31;
in the formula, t1For compressing the actual temperature, t, in the air reservoir0Setting the temperature of a compressed air storage tank, wherein epsilon is a temperature regulation dead zone;
step four, when p is1≥p0When the air compressor is started, the air compressor is stopped; in the formula, p1For actual pressure of compressed-air tank, p0Designing pressure for the compressed air tank;
step five, after the compressor stops running for 10 minutes, fully closing the temperature drop control valve 31 and the high-temperature outlet valve 32;
energy release stage:
step one, closing the temperature drop control valve 31, closing the high-temperature outlet valve 32 and opening the low-temperature outlet valve 33;
step two, opening an expander inlet valve, and enabling compressed air to enter the expander from a compressed air storage tank through a heat exchanger;
step three,
When t is1≤t0When + epsilon, gradually opening the large temperature rise control valve 34;
when t is1≥t0-gradually closing the temperature rise control valve 34;
in the formula, t1For compressing the actual temperature, t, in the air reservoir0Setting the temperature of a compressed air storage tank, wherein epsilon is a temperature regulation dead zone;
step four, when p is1≤p0And when the air compressor is stopped. In the formula, p1For compressing the actual pressure of the air reservoir, p0Designing pressure for a compressed air storage tank;
and step five, after the expander stops operating for 10 minutes, fully closing the temperature rise control valve 34 and the low-temperature outlet valve 33.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 2, a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank heat recovery system comprises a salt cavern, and further comprises a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, wherein an outlet of the cold storage tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature drop control valve 31, an outlet of the heat storage tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature rise control valve 34, an outlet of the temperature drop control valve 31 is intersected with an outlet of the temperature rise control valve 34 and connected with an inlet of a heat exchanger 30 of the salt cavern, an outlet of the heat exchanger 30 of the salt cavern is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an inlet of a high temperature outlet valve 32, and an outlet of the high temperature; one path is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature outlet valve 33, and an outlet of the low-temperature outlet valve 33 is connected with an inlet of a cold accumulation tank.
And the air exhausted by the leftmost air compressor passes through the heat exchanger and then enters the salt cavern for storage.
The expansion machine on the leftmost side is provided with an air outlet, the expansion machines are connected through a transmission shaft, and the generator is connected with the transmission shaft of the expansion machine on the rightmost side; the air compressors are connected through transmission shafts, and the air compressor on the rightmost side is connected with a transmission shaft of the motor.
A control method of a compressed air energy storage system with an air storage tank heat recovery system comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
step one, closing the temperature rise control valve 34, closing the low-temperature outlet valve 33 and opening the high-temperature outlet valve 32;
secondly, starting a gas compressor, and enabling compressed air from the gas compressor to enter a salt cavern after passing through a heat exchanger;
step three,
When t is1≥t0When the temperature is + epsilon, gradually opening the large temperature drop control valve 31;
when t is1≤t0When epsilon, gradually closing the temperature drop control valve 31;
in the formula, t1Is the actual temperature in the salt cavern, t0Setting the temperature for the salt cavern, wherein epsilon is a temperature regulation dead zone;
step four, when p is1≥p0When the air compressor is started, the air compressor is stopped; in the formula, p1For actual pressure of compressed-air tank, p0Designing pressure for the compressed air tank;
step five, after the compressor stops running for 10 minutes, fully closing the temperature drop control valve 31 and the high-temperature outlet valve 32;
energy release stage:
step one, closing the temperature drop control valve 31, closing the high-temperature outlet valve 32 and opening the low-temperature outlet valve 33;
opening an inlet valve of the expansion machine, and allowing compressed air to enter the expansion machine from the salt cavern through a heat exchanger;
step three,
When t is1≤t0When + epsilon, gradually opening the large temperature rise control valve 34;
when t is1≥t0-gradually closing the temperature rise control valve 34;
in the formula, t1Is the actual temperature in the salt cavern, t0Setting the temperature for the salt cavern, wherein epsilon is a temperature regulation dead zone;
step four, when p is1≤p0And when the air compressor is stopped. In the formula, p1Is the actual pressure of the salt cavern, p0Designing pressure for salt cavern;
and step five, after the expander stops operating for 10 minutes, fully closing the temperature rise control valve 34 and the low-temperature outlet valve 33.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a compressed air energy storage system with gas holder backheat system, includes the compressed air gas holder, its characterized in that: the device is characterized by further comprising a cold accumulation tank and a heat accumulation tank, wherein an outlet of the cold accumulation tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature drop control valve (31), an outlet of the heat accumulation tank is connected with an inlet of a temperature rise control valve (34), an outlet of the temperature drop control valve (31) is intersected with an outlet of the temperature rise control valve (34) and is connected with an inlet of a heat exchanger (30) of the compressed air storage tank, an outlet of the heat exchanger (30) of the compressed air storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an inlet of a high-temperature outlet valve (32), and an outlet of the high-temperature outlet valve; one path is connected with an inlet of a low-temperature outlet valve (33), and an outlet of the low-temperature outlet valve (33) is connected with an inlet of a cold accumulation tank.
2. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 1, wherein: the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank is connected to a plurality of serially connected expansion machines, the expansion machine at the leftmost side is provided with an air outlet, the expansion machines are connected through a transmission shaft, and the expansion machine at the rightmost side is connected with the generator through the transmission shaft; the air inlet of the compressed air storage tank is connected with a plurality of air compressors in series, the air compressors are connected through transmission shafts, and the air compressor on the rightmost side is connected with a transmission shaft of the motor.
3. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 2, wherein: and a first heat exchanger is arranged on a connecting gas path between adjacent gas compressors and is also connected to the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank.
4. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 2, wherein: and a second heat exchanger is arranged on a connecting gas path between the adjacent expansion machines and is also connected to the cold storage tank and the heat storage tank.
5. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the cold accumulation tanks is more than or equal to one.
6. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the heat storage tanks is more than or equal to one.
7. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the compressed air tanks is more than or equal to one.
8. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature drop control valve (31) adopts a manual, electric, pneumatic or hydraulic control mode; the temperature rise control valve (34) adopts a manual, electric, pneumatic or hydraulic control mode; the temperature drop control valve (31) is of an adjusting valve type and operates and maintains at any opening degree; the temperature rise control valve (34) is of a regulating valve type and operates and maintains at any opening degree.
9. A compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to claim 1, wherein: the heat exchanger (30) is of the plate, tube, heat pipe heat exchanger type.
10. A method of controlling a compressed air energy storage system having an air reservoir regenerative system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
an energy storage stage:
step one, closing a temperature rise control valve (34), closing a low-temperature outlet valve (33), and opening a high-temperature outlet valve (32);
secondly, starting the air compressor, and enabling compressed air from the air compressor to enter a compressed air storage tank after passing through a heat exchanger;
step three, gradually opening the large temperature drop control valve (31) when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is higher than the set temperature, and gradually closing the small temperature drop control valve (31) when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is lower than or equal to the set temperature;
energy release stage:
step one, closing a temperature drop control valve (31), closing a high-temperature outlet valve (32), and opening a low-temperature outlet valve (33) of the high-temperature outlet valve (32);
step two, opening an expander inlet valve, and enabling compressed air to enter the expander from a compressed air storage tank through a heat exchanger;
and step three, gradually opening the temperature rise control valve (34) when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is lower than the set temperature, and gradually closing the temperature rise control valve (34) when the actual temperature in the compressed air storage tank is higher than or equal to the set temperature.
CN202011287826.2A 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 Compressed air energy storage system with air storage tank heat regeneration system and control method thereof Pending CN112283079A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011287826.2A CN112283079A (en) 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 Compressed air energy storage system with air storage tank heat regeneration system and control method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011287826.2A CN112283079A (en) 2020-11-17 2020-11-17 Compressed air energy storage system with air storage tank heat regeneration system and control method thereof

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114458407A (en) * 2022-03-11 2022-05-10 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for coupling natural gas energy storage with gas turbine power generation
CN114542199A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-27 贵州电网有限责任公司 Optimal operation control method for compressed air energy storage system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114542199A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-27 贵州电网有限责任公司 Optimal operation control method for compressed air energy storage system
CN114542199B (en) * 2022-03-03 2023-09-29 贵州电网有限责任公司 Optimized operation control method for compressed air energy storage system
CN114458407A (en) * 2022-03-11 2022-05-10 西安热工研究院有限公司 System and method for coupling natural gas energy storage with gas turbine power generation

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