CN111749743A - Compressed air energy storage system sensitively suitable for frequency modulation - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage system sensitively suitable for frequency modulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111749743A CN111749743A CN202010642377.2A CN202010642377A CN111749743A CN 111749743 A CN111749743 A CN 111749743A CN 202010642377 A CN202010642377 A CN 202010642377A CN 111749743 A CN111749743 A CN 111749743A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/011—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/013—Single phase liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Abstract
The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage system sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation, which comprises: the device is used for liquefying the air in the energy storage stage to obtain liquefied air; and/or part of air is input into the high-pressure air tank after being compressed; after the liquefied air is gasified by the energy release stage device, the gasified air is expanded to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-pressure air tank regulates air fluctuation generated when air is liquefied and gasified, and provides the balance air when the air needed to be gasified is increased when the generator generates electricity. The energy storage stage device pre-stores air after compressing, cooling and liquefying, and when a power grid is scheduled, the energy release stage device pressurizes, gasifies and heats the pre-stored liquefied air and then expands to do work so as to drive a generator to generate electricity; the high-pressure air tank stores a certain volume of compressed air, and when air fluctuation occurs or the output of the generator is increased, the high-pressure air tank can output differential air in time, so that the air fluctuation is inhibited, and the power grid dispatching is responded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy power, in particular to a compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation.
Background
The compressed air energy storage system is a large-scale energy storage system taking air as a medium, converts electric energy into potential energy of compressed air for storage at a power utilization low peak, and pushes a turbine to do work through compressed air to release electric energy at a power utilization high peak. The liquefied air energy storage system is a novel energy storage system provided on the basis of compressed air energy storage. Compared with a compressed air energy storage system, the liquid air energy storage system has high energy storage density, does not need a large-scale pressure storage container, breaks away from the limitation of geographical conditions, and has development and application advantages. In addition, the liquefied air energy storage system can perform bidirectional frequency modulation, namely when the load of a power grid is increased, the energy storage system discharges, and when the load of the power grid is reduced, the energy storage system charges. In the process of frequency modulation of the turbine, the opening degree of a front valve of the turbine needs to be adjusted to realize the change of output power, and liquid air in the liquid tank needs to absorb heat and vaporize firstly and then expand to do work, so that the response time of the system in the frequency modulation process is prolonged, and the frequency modulation performance of the system is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that the liquid air energy storage system in the prior art has long response time when the power grid is used for frequency modulation, thereby providing a compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation, comprising: the energy storage device comprises an energy storage stage device, a liquid storage device, an energy release stage device and a high-pressure gas tank, wherein the input end of the energy storage stage device is connected with an external motor and is used for liquefying air to obtain liquefied air; and/or, after part of air is compressed, inputting the compressed air into a high-pressure air tank; the input end of the liquid storage device is connected with the output end of the energy storage stage device, and the output end of the liquid storage device is connected with the input end of the energy release stage device and used for storing liquefied air; the input end of the energy release stage device is connected with the output end of the liquid storage device, the output end of the energy release stage device is connected with an external generator, the energy release stage device is used for performing gasification treatment on liquefied air, and then the gasified air is expanded to apply work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the generator follows the dispatching of a power grid dispatching system; and the input end of the high-pressure air tank is connected with the energy storage stage device, and the output end of the high-pressure air tank is connected with the energy release stage device, and is used for adjusting air fluctuation generated during liquefaction and gasification treatment of air and providing difference air for the energy release stage device when the gaseous air quantity required by power generation of the generator is changed.
In one embodiment, the energy storage stage apparatus comprises: the input end of the air compressor is connected with an external motor, the output end of the air compressor is connected with the input end of the high-pressure air tank and used for compressing air, and the motor provides electric energy for the operation of the air compressor; the input end of the cooler is connected with the output end of the air compressor, and the output end of the cooler is connected with the input end of the liquefying device and used for cooling the compressed air; and the input end of the liquefying device is connected with the output end of the cooler and is used for liquefying the cooled air.
In one embodiment, the energy release stage means comprises: the input end of the low-temperature pump is connected with the output end of the liquid storage device and used for pressurizing liquefied air in the liquid storage device to obtain liquefied air when the generator needs to generate electricity; the input end of the evaporation device is connected with the output end of the cryogenic pump and is used for carrying out gasification treatment on the liquefied air to obtain high-pressure gaseous air; and the input end of the expansion machine is connected with the output end of the evaporation device and used for utilizing high-pressure gaseous air to expand and do work to drive the generator to generate power.
In one embodiment, the energy storage stage apparatus further comprises: and the input end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the air compressor, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the cooler and used for cooling the compressed air and then conveying the cooled air to the cooler.
In one embodiment, the energy release stage means further comprises: and the input end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the evaporation device, and the output end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the expansion machine, and the second heat exchanger is used for heating high-pressure gaseous air and then conveying the air into the expansion machine.
In one embodiment, the compressed air energy storage system that is sensitive to frequency modulation further comprises: the input end of the cold storage device is connected with the evaporation device, and the output end of the cold storage device is connected with the liquefaction device and used for storing cold energy of the liquefied air when the evaporation device carries out gasification treatment on the liquefied air; the liquefaction device is used for liquefying the cooled air by utilizing the cold energy stored by the cold storage device.
In one embodiment, the compressed air energy storage system that is sensitive to frequency modulation further comprises: the heat storage device comprises a high-temperature heat storage device and a low-temperature heat storage device, wherein the input end of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the first heat exchanger, the output end of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the second heat exchanger and used for storing a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium is used for carrying out heat exchange with compressed air; and the input end of the low-temperature heat storage device is connected with the second heat exchanger, the output end of the low-temperature heat storage device is connected with the first heat exchanger and used for storing a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium is used for carrying out heat exchange with high-pressure gaseous air.
In one embodiment, the first heat exchanger, the high-temperature heat storage device, the second heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat storage device are connected in sequence to form a heat circulation loop.
In one embodiment, the liquefaction device is connected with the evaporation device, and when the cold energy stored in the cold storage device is gas cold energy, the liquefaction device uses the gas cold energy to liquefy the cooled air, and then the gas cold energy is released through the evaporation device.
In one embodiment, the high pressure tank includes a gas valve that controls the differential air output based on the pressure of the gas at the input of the expander and the pressure of the gas in the high pressure tank.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation, the air is compressed, cooled and liquefied by the energy storage stage device and then prestored, and when a power grid is scheduled, the prestored liquefied air is pressurized, gasified, heated and then expanded to do work by the energy release stage device so as to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-pressure air tank is arranged to prestore compressed air with a certain capacity, and when the air flow fluctuation or the output fluctuation of the generator occurs in the whole system, the high-pressure air tank outputs difference air in time so as to suppress the air flow fluctuation generated during power fluctuation and respond to power grid dispatching in time, so that the response time of the system in the frequency modulation process is shortened, the frequency modulation performance of the system is improved, and the application and popularization of the liquefied air energy storage technology in the field of power grid frequency modulation are realized.
2. The compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation provided by the invention utilizes the cold storage device to store the cold energy in the gasification process, is used for reducing the temperature of gas in the liquefaction process and improving the liquefaction efficiency of the system. The first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the heat storage device are used for storing high-temperature heat generated in the compression process and low-temperature heat generated in the expansion process, so that the recovery and utilization of system energy are realized, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a particular example of a compressed air energy storage system that is sensitive to frequency modulation provided by embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a composition diagram of a specific example of an energy storage stage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a specific example of an energy release stage apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of another specific example of a compressed air energy storage system sensitive to frequency modulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Examples
The embodiment of the invention provides a compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation, which is applied to the compressed air energy storage system shown in figure 1 and comprises: the device comprises an energy storage stage device 1, an energy release stage device 2, a high-pressure gas tank 3 and a liquid storage device 4.
The input end of the energy storage stage device 1 of the embodiment of the invention is connected with an external motor and is used for liquefying air to obtain liquefied air; and/or, part of the air is compressed and then input into the high-pressure air tank 3.
The input end of the energy release stage device 2 is connected with the output end of the energy storage stage device 1, the output end of the energy release stage device is connected with an external generator, the energy release stage device is used for performing gasification treatment on liquefied air, the gasified air is expanded to do work to drive the generator to generate power, and the generator follows the dispatching of a power grid dispatching system.
The input end of the liquid storage device 4 of the embodiment of the invention is connected with the output end of the energy storage stage device, and the output end of the liquid storage device is connected with the input end of the energy release stage device and is used for storing liquefied air.
The energy storage stage device 1 is connected with a motor, the motor is used for providing electric energy for rotation of the energy storage stage device 1, the energy storage stage device 1 compresses, cools and liquefies sucked air, and finally liquefied air is stored in a liquid storage device in advance, when a power grid is scheduled, the energy release stage device 2 pressurizes, gasifies and heats the liquefied air stored in the liquid storage device 4, and then the heated air is expanded to do work to drive an external generator to rotate and generate power, so that frequency modulation of the power grid is achieved.
The input end of the high-pressure air tank 3 is connected with the energy storage stage device 1, the output end of the high-pressure air tank is connected with the energy release stage device 2, and the high-pressure air tank is used for adjusting air quantity fluctuation generated when air is liquefied and gasified, and when the gaseous air quantity required by power generation of a generator changes, the air tank provides differential air for the expander.
However, during the process of liquefying the air by the device 1 in the energy storage stage or gasifying the liquefied air by the device 2 in the energy release stage, fluctuation of the air amount is generated, and the fluctuation causes time increase for responding to power grid dispatching and reduction of frequency modulation performance, so the embodiment of the invention is provided with the high-pressure air tank 3, because the high-pressure air tank 3 is a closed device, the compressed air is temporarily stored in the high-pressure air tank 3 by the device 1 in the energy storage stage, and when the gas fluctuation is generated, the gas valve of the high-pressure air tank 3 controls the differential air output according to the gas pressure of the device 2 in the energy release stage and the gas pressure of the high-pressure air tank 3. In addition, when the gas air required by the generator for power generation is increased and the liquefied air pre-stored in the energy storage stage device 1 is not enough to respond to the power grid dispatching, the air in the high-pressure air tank 3 is automatically supplemented with the balance air, so that the power grid dispatching is responded in time.
According to the compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation, the device in the energy storage stage compresses, cools and liquefies air and then prestores the air, and when a power grid is scheduled, the device in the energy release stage pressurizes, gasifies and heats the prestored liquefied air and then expands to do work so as to drive the generator to generate electricity; the high-pressure air tank is arranged to prestore compressed air with a certain capacity, and when the air flow fluctuation or the output fluctuation of the generator occurs in the whole system, the high-pressure air tank outputs difference air in time so as to suppress the air flow fluctuation generated during power fluctuation and respond to power grid dispatching in time, so that the response time of the system in the frequency modulation process is shortened, the frequency modulation performance of the system is improved, and the application and popularization of the liquefied air energy storage technology in the field of power grid frequency modulation are realized.
In a particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the energy storage phase device 1 comprises: an air compressor 11, a cooler 12 and a liquefying device 13.
As shown in fig. 2, the input end of the air compressor 11 according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to an external motor, the output end of the air compressor is connected to the input end of the high pressure air tank 3 for compressing air, and the motor provides electric power for the operation of the air compressor 11. And the input end of the cooler 12 is connected with the output end of the air compressor 11, and the output end of the cooler is connected with the input end of the liquefying device 13, so that the compressed air is cooled. And the input end of the liquefying device 13 is connected with the output end of the cooler 12 and is used for liquefying the cooled air.
The air compressor 11, the cooler 12, the liquefying device 13 and the liquid storage device 4 are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein the air compressor 11 compresses sucked air, the cooler 12 cools and cools the compressed air, the liquefying device 13 liquefies the cooled air, and the liquid storage device 4 prestores the liquefied air so as to respond to power grid dispatching by utilizing air expansion to do work when a generator needs to generate power.
In a particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the energy release phase means 2 comprise: a cryopump 21, an evaporator 22, and an expander 23.
As shown in fig. 3, an input end of the cryopump 21 according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to an output end of the liquid storage device 4, and is configured to pressurize liquefied air in the liquid storage device 4 to obtain liquefied air when the generator needs to generate power. And the input end of the evaporation device 22 is connected with the output end of the cryogenic pump 21 and is used for carrying out gasification treatment on the liquefied air to obtain high-pressure gaseous air. And the input end of the expansion machine 23 is connected with the output end of the evaporation device 22, and the expansion machine is used for expanding and applying work by utilizing high-pressure gaseous air to drive the generator to generate electricity.
When the generator needs to generate electricity, at the moment, the cryogenic pump 21 pressurizes liquefied air prestored in the liquid storage device 4, the liquefied air is output to the evaporation device 22, the evaporation device 22 gasifies the liquefied air, high-pressure gaseous air is output to the expansion machine 23, and the expansion machine 23 expands to work to drive the generator to rotate, so that the generator generates electricity.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the energy storage stage device 1 further includes a first heat exchanger 14, the energy release stage device 2 further includes a second heat exchanger 24, and the compressed air energy storage system sensitive to frequency modulation further includes an energy storage device 5 and a heat storage device 6, wherein the heat storage device 6 includes a high temperature heat storage device 61 and a low temperature heat storage device 62.
As shown in fig. 4, an input end of the first heat exchanger 14 according to the embodiment of the present invention is connected to an output end of the air compressor 11, and an output end thereof is connected to an input end of the cooler 12, and is configured to cool the compressed air and deliver the cooled air to the cooler 12. And the input end of the second heat exchanger 24 is connected with the output end of the evaporation device 22, and the output end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the expander 23, so that the high-pressure gaseous air is heated and then is conveyed into the expander 23.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to fully cool and completely liquefy the compressed air, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first heat exchanger 14 is used to primarily cool the compressed air, and the cooler 12 cools the cooled air, so that the liquefying device 13 can completely liquefy the air to avoid fluctuation of the air amount. Similarly, in order to respond to the power grid dispatching in time and reduce air fluctuation, the embodiment of the invention uses the heat exchanger to re-heat the high-pressure gaseous air obtained after the liquefied air is gasified by the evaporation device 22, so as to ensure that the liquefied air is completely gasified.
As shown in fig. 4, the energy storage device 5 has an input end connected to the evaporation device 22 and an output end connected to the liquefaction device 13, and is configured to store cold energy of the liquefied air when the evaporation device 22 gasifies the liquefied air; the liquefaction device 13 performs liquefaction processing on the cooled air by using the cold energy stored in the energy storage device 5.
The liquefaction device 13 in the embodiment of the present invention liquefies air by using a cold energy medium, and stores cold energy generated in the process of gasifying liquefied air by the evaporation device 22 in the energy storage device 5 for the purpose of resource saving and energy recycling, so as to liquefy air.
As shown in fig. 4, the input end of the high-temperature heat storage device 61 is connected to the first heat exchanger 14, and the output end thereof is connected to the second heat exchanger 24, for storing a heat exchange medium, which is used for exchanging heat with the compressed air. The input end of the low-temperature heat storage device 62 is connected to the second heat exchanger 24, and the output end thereof is connected to the first heat exchanger 14, for storing a heat exchange medium, which is used for exchanging heat with high-pressure gaseous air. The first heat exchanger 14, the high temperature heat storage device 61, the second heat exchanger 24, and the low temperature heat storage device 62 are connected in sequence to form a heat circulation loop.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first heat exchanger 14 is used for primarily cooling the compressed air in the energy storage stage, and the second heat exchanger 24 is used for heating the high-pressure gaseous air again in the energy release stage, so that the high-temperature heat and the low-temperature heat generated in the cooling-heating process are respectively stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 61 and the low-temperature heat storage device 62, and when the generator generates electricity, the heat is used for respectively cooling the air and heating the air in time.
In a specific embodiment, the liquefaction device 13 is connected to the evaporation device 22, and when the cold energy stored in the energy storage device 5 is gas cold energy, the liquefaction device 13 uses the gas cold energy to liquefy the cooled air, and the gas cold energy is released through the evaporation device 22.
As shown in fig. 4, the liquefaction device 13 is connected to the evaporation device 22 so that, when the medium in the energy storage device 5 is a gas medium, after the liquefaction device 13 liquefies the air with the gas medium, the waste gas medium is vaporized by the evaporation device 22 and discharged.
In fig. 4, the inlet of the high pressure gas tank 3 is connected with the air compressor 11, the outlet of the high pressure gas tank is connected with the expander 23, and the inlet and the outlet of the high pressure gas tank 3 are both provided with gas valves, so that the compressed air can be automatically carried out in the high pressure gas tank 3, and when the air output by the second heat exchanger 24 fluctuates or the pre-stored liquefied air is not enough to respond to the power grid dispatching, the high pressure gas tank 3 outputs the difference air in time, thereby shortening the response time of the power grid frequency modulation process for the sensitive frequency modulation compressed air energy storage system, and improving the frequency modulation performance of the sensitive frequency modulation compressed air energy storage system.
According to the compressed air energy storage system which is sensitive and suitable for frequency modulation, the device in the energy storage stage compresses, cools and liquefies air and then prestores the air, and when a power grid is scheduled, the device in the energy release stage pressurizes, gasifies and heats the prestored liquefied air and then expands to do work so as to drive the generator to generate electricity; the method is characterized in that a high-pressure air tank is arranged to prestore compressed air with a certain capacity, when air flow fluctuation or generator output fluctuation occurs in the whole system, the high-pressure air tank outputs difference air in time so as to suppress air flow fluctuation generated during power fluctuation and respond to power grid dispatching in time, and therefore the response time of the system in the frequency modulation process is shortened, the frequency modulation performance of the system is improved, and application and popularization of the liquefied air energy storage technology in the field of power grid frequency modulation are achieved; the cold energy of the gasification process is stored by the cold storage device, and the cold energy is used for reducing the temperature of the gas in the liquefaction process and improving the liquefaction efficiency of the system. The first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the heat storage device are used for storing high-temperature heat generated in the compression process and low-temperature heat generated in the expansion process, so that the recovery and utilization of system energy are realized, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compressed air energy storage system sensitive to frequency modulation, comprising: an energy storage stage device, a liquid storage device, an energy release stage device and a high-pressure gas tank, wherein,
the input end of the energy storage stage device is connected with an external motor and is used for liquefying the air to obtain liquefied air; and/or, after part of air is compressed, inputting the compressed air into the high-pressure air tank;
the input end of the liquid storage device is connected with the output end of the energy storage stage device, and the output end of the liquid storage device is connected with the input end of the energy release stage device and used for storing liquefied air;
the input end of the energy release stage device is connected with the output end of the liquid storage device, the output end of the energy release stage device is connected with an external generator, the energy release stage device is used for performing gasification treatment on liquefied air, and then the gasified air is expanded to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the generator follows the dispatching of a power grid dispatching system;
and the input end of the high-pressure air tank is connected with the energy storage stage device, and the output end of the high-pressure air tank is connected with the energy release stage device, and is used for adjusting air fluctuation generated when air is liquefied and gasified, and providing difference air for the energy release stage device when the gaseous air quantity required by the power generation of the generator is changed.
2. A compressed air energy storage system sensitive to frequency modulation according to claim 1 wherein the energy storage stage means comprises:
the input end of the air compressor is connected with an external motor, the output end of the air compressor is connected with the input end of the high-pressure air tank and used for compressing air, and the motor provides electric energy for the operation of the air compressor;
the input end of the cooler is connected with the output end of the air compressor, and the output end of the cooler is connected with the input end of the liquefying device and used for cooling the compressed air;
and the input end of the liquefying device is connected with the output end of the cooler and is used for liquefying the cooled air.
3. A compressed air energy storage system sensitive to frequency modulation according to claim 2 wherein the energy release stage means comprises:
the input end of the low-temperature pump is connected with the output end of the liquid storage device and is used for pressurizing liquefied air in the liquid storage device to obtain liquefied air when the generator needs to generate electricity;
the input end of the evaporation device is connected with the output end of the cryogenic pump and is used for carrying out gasification treatment on the liquefied air to obtain high-pressure gaseous air;
and the input end of the expansion machine is connected with the output end of the evaporation device and used for utilizing high-pressure gaseous air to expand and do work to drive the generator to generate power.
4. A compressed air energy storage system sensitive to frequency modulation according to claim 3 wherein the energy storage stage means further comprises:
and the input end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the air compressor, and the output end of the first heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the cooler and is used for cooling the compressed air and then conveying the cooled air to the cooler.
5. A compressed air energy storage system agilely adapted to frequency modulation according to claim 4 wherein the energy release stage means further comprises:
and the input end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the evaporation device, and the output end of the second heat exchanger is connected with the output end of the expansion machine, so that the high-pressure gaseous air is heated and then is conveyed into the expansion machine.
6. A sensitive compressed air energy storage system adapted to frequency modulation according to claim 3 further comprising:
the input end of the cold storage device is connected with the evaporation device, and the output end of the cold storage device is connected with the liquefaction device and used for storing cold energy of liquefied air when the evaporation device carries out gasification treatment on the liquefied air; and the liquefaction device is used for liquefying the cooled air by using the cold energy stored by the cold storage device.
7. A sensitive, frequency modulated compressed air energy storage system according to claim 5, further comprising: the heat storage device comprises a high-temperature heat storage device and a low-temperature heat storage device, wherein,
the input end of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the first heat exchanger, the output end of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the second heat exchanger and used for storing a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium is used for exchanging heat with the compressed air;
and the input end of the low-temperature heat storage device is connected with the second heat exchanger, the output end of the low-temperature heat storage device is connected with the first heat exchanger and used for storing a heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium is used for carrying out heat exchange with high-pressure gaseous air.
8. The sensitive compressed air energy storage system suitable for frequency modulation of claim 7, wherein the first heat exchanger, the high temperature heat storage device, the second heat exchanger and the low temperature heat storage device are connected in sequence to form a heat circulation loop.
9. The sensitive compressed air energy storage system suitable for frequency modulation according to claim 6, wherein the liquefying device is connected with the evaporating device, and when the cold energy stored by the cold storage device is gas cold energy, the liquefying device performs liquefaction processing on cooled air by using the gas cold energy, and the gas cold energy is released through the evaporating device.
10. A sensitive, frequency modulated compressed air energy storage system according to claim 3 wherein the high pressure tank includes a gas valve which controls the differential air output based on the gas pressure at the input of the expander and the gas pressure in the high pressure tank.
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