CN114437534B - 一种复合阻燃防火木门及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合阻燃防火木门及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114437534B
CN114437534B CN202210145457.6A CN202210145457A CN114437534B CN 114437534 B CN114437534 B CN 114437534B CN 202210145457 A CN202210145457 A CN 202210145457A CN 114437534 B CN114437534 B CN 114437534B
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parts
fireproof
wooden door
retardant
flame
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CN114437534A (zh
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蒋明月
蒋贵杨
孙猛
周海波
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Jiangsu Qiqiao Craft Wood Products Co ltd
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Jiangsu Qiqiao Craft Wood Products Co ltd
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种复合阻燃防火木门及其制备方法，所述复合阻燃防火木门依次由面板、防火芯层、背板通过阻燃胶黏剂粘接而成，所述面板和背板上均涂有防火涂料；其中，所述防火芯层由以下重量份原料组成：10‑15份纳米二氧化硅、4‑8份硫酸镁、3‑7份煤烟粉、10‑20份发泡剂BIH40、10‑20份二乙基次膦酸铝、12‑16份膨胀珍珠岩、35‑45份有机硅改性聚氨酯。本发明提供的复合阻燃防火木门，同时还搭配了防火涂料，该涂料相容性好，涂层不仅具有良好的阻燃防火性能，而且具有良好的粘接性能，进一步的加强了防火效果。

Description

一种复合阻燃防火木门及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于防火木门领域，具体涉及一种复合阻燃防火木门及其制备方法。
背景技术
木门常见于我们的日常生活中，木门不仅具有防盗功能，而且具有装饰功能，因此，随着木门生产工艺的不断成熟，生产出来的木门不仅质量好，而且外表美观。
实木复合门的门芯多以松木、杉木或进口填充材料等粘合而成。外贴密度板和实木木皮，经高温热压后制成，并用实木线条封边。一般高级的实木复合门，其门芯多为优质白松，表面则为实木单板。由于白松密度小，重量轻，且较容易控制含水率，因而成品门的重量都较轻，也不易变形、开裂。另外，实木复合门还具有保温、耐冲击、阻燃等特点，而且隔音效果同实木门基本相同。由于实木复合门的造型多样，款式丰富，或精致的欧式雕花，或中式古典的各色拼花，或时尚现代，不同装饰风格的门给予了消费者广阔的挑选空间。除此之外，现代木门的饰面材料以木皮和贴纸较为常见。木皮木门因富有天然质感，且美观、抗冲击力强，而价格相对较高；贴纸的木门也称“纹木门”，因价格低廉，是较为大众化的产品，缺点是较容易破损，且怕水。实木复合门具有手感光滑、色泽柔和的特点，它非常环保、坚固耐用。实木门是以取材自森林的天然原木做门芯，经过干燥处理，然后经下料、刨光、开榫、打眼、高速铣形等工序科学加工而成。全木门是以天然原木木材作为门芯，平衡层采用三合板替代密度板；工艺上具备原木的天然特性与环保性，工艺上解决了原木的不稳定性，造型上更加的多样与细腻。
木质防火门的内芯填充材料，常采用矿物类纤维材料。如矿棉、岩棉、玻璃纤维、硅酸铝纤维棉等。这些材料的优点是耐高温性能好，但是缺点也是非常明显的，矿物类纤维的主要缺点是：
(1)纤维粉尘对操作工人造成身体健康的危害，如呼吸道疾病和皮肤燥痒；且会造成生产场所的环境污染。
(2)火灾一旦发生后，矿物类纤维棉粉产生的灰尘在火灾现场弥漫扩散，对受灾群众和消防人员造成呼吸系统的严重伤害。
(3)由于纤维类物质刚性很差，门扇在启闭使用中，因震动会引起纤维类物质渐渐向下蠕动的情况，久而久之使门扇的上部形成空隙，从而导致防火门丧失防火功能。
现有技术公开过一种性能优异的木门，其包括：13-15份轻烧氧化镁粉、3-4份硫酸镁、0.5-0.8份海藻糖、0.1-0.2份电气石粉末、0.2-0.3份蓝晶石粉末、0.5-0.6份有机硅防水剂粉末、0.05份纳米二氧化钛、0.03份蜡石、0.07-0.08份聚丙烯纤维、粉碎的农作物秸秆0.05-0.08份、8-10份水和2-3份泡沫；但是其含水率还是偏高，而且力学性能不够好。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种复合阻燃防火木门及其制备方法，本发明制备的木门耐火性能好，具有很高的力学强度，含水率低，耐用性好。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种复合阻燃防火木门，所述复合阻燃防火木门依次由面板、防火芯层、背板通过阻燃胶黏剂粘接而成，所述面板和背板上均涂有防火涂料；
其中，所述防火芯层由以下重量份原料组成：10-15份纳米二氧化硅、4-8份硫酸镁、3-7份煤烟粉、10-20份发泡剂BIH40、10-20份二乙基次膦酸铝、12-16份膨胀珍珠岩、35-45份有机硅改性聚氨酯。
优选的，所述有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将55-60份聚四氢呋喃二醇、2-5份氮化硼、3-5份十二烷基硫酸钠、1-2份辛酸亚锡和3-6份硅烷偶联剂混合，在60-70℃下搅拌0.5-1h，随后再加入45-50份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1-3份乙二胺基乙磺酸钠混合均匀，在60-70℃下搅拌0.5-1h，得到有机硅改性聚氨酯。
优选的，所述防火芯层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)将膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为20-60μm的粉末，随后与纳米二氧化硅、硫酸镁、煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入上述原料1.5-2倍的水，进行搅拌反应，得到无机混合物；
(b)将步骤(a)中得到的无机混合物、发泡剂BIH40、二乙基次膦酸铝和有机硅改性聚氨酯放入反应釜中，进行反应，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(c)将步骤(b)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(d)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层。
优选的，步骤(a)中搅拌速度为500-1500r/min，反应温度为60-90℃，搅拌时间为0.5-1h。
优选的，步骤(b)中反应温度为80-100℃，搅拌速度为180-300r/min，反应时间为1-2h。
优选的，所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将1-5份氢氧化铝、2-6份纳米二氧化硅、2-4份硼酸钙、0.5-2份十二烷基磺酸钠、4-8份羟甲基纤维素、10-25份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、6-15份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至60-80℃，高速搅拌1-2h；随后再加入5-10份多聚磷酸钠和50-70份EVA乳液，搅拌10-20min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
优选的，所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将10-15份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、1-3份硅烷偶联剂KH560、25-35份酚醛树脂、1-2份聚磷酸和2-4份季戊四醇加入高速混合机，搅拌分散均匀，随后再加入1-2份聚磷酸铵、1-2份硼酸锌、3-6份二氧化锑、3-5份硅藻土和10-15份水，在50-60℃下以200-500r/min的速度搅拌0.5-2h，得到所述防火涂料。
本发明还保护一种所述复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备防火芯层；
(2)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的木门坯进行冷压，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，再进行热压，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至1-4MPa，得热压木门坯；
(4)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，随后再面板和背板表面喷涂防火涂料，静置2-4天，最后进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
优选的，步骤(2)中的涂胶量为220-250g/m2。
优选的，步骤(3)中的冷压工艺为：压力1-3MPa，冷压时间10-30min；预热温度为90-100℃，预热时间为20-30min；热压工艺为：压力3-6MPa，冷压时间5-20min。。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的复合阻燃防火木门，通过对防火门芯中的聚氨酯进行改性，在聚氨酯中加入硅烷偶联剂、氮化硼和十二烷基硫酸钠，硅烷偶联剂中的硅可接枝到聚氨酯中，提高聚氨酯本体的阻燃性，同时十二烷基硫酸钠既可作为表面活性剂，也可作为发泡剂进一步提高聚氨酯的阻燃性，氮化硼是高温难溶化合物，无熔点，抗高温蠕变能力强，热稳定性高，抗氧化能力好，并具有良好的化学稳定性，提高了材料的耐高温性；同时，通过在防火芯层中加入吸热型发泡剂BIH40，在遇到火灾时，其受热释放的气体能使防火芯层膨胀，减缓了火灾的蔓延，同时其分解吸收热量，进一步减缓了木门的热量，延长了木门着火时间，有效的延缓了火灾的蔓延。
(2)本发明提供的复合阻燃防火木门，通过在胶黏剂中加入多种阻燃原料，氢氧化铝、纳米二氧化硅、硼酸钙和多聚磷酸钠具有较好的阻燃性能，可提高胶黏剂的阻燃性；同时，加入的十二烷基磺酸纳、羟甲基纤维素可提高胶黏剂组分的分散均匀性，明显改善胶黏剂的粘接强度，使制得的阻燃胶黏剂具有阻燃性能和乳液综合性能优良、无毒、对环境友好等特点。
(3)本发明提供的复合阻燃防火木门，同时还搭配了防火涂料，该涂料相容性好，涂层不仅具有良好的阻燃防火性能，而且具有良好的粘接性能，进一步的加强了防火效果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例中防火芯层厚度为25mm，面板及背板厚度均为5mm；所述发泡剂BIH40为科莱恩HYDROCEROL BIH40。
实施例1
一种复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将12份膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为20μm的粉末，随后与10份纳米二氧化硅、4份硫酸镁、3份煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入50份水，在60℃、1000r/min下搅拌0.5h，得到无机混合物；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的无机混合物、10份发泡剂BIH40、10份二乙基次膦酸铝和35份有机硅改性聚氨酯放入反应釜中，在80℃、200r/min下搅拌1h，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(4)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层；
(5)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；所述涂胶量为220g/m2；
(6)将步骤(5)得到的木门坯进行冷压，冷压工艺为：压力3MPa，冷压时间10min，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，预热温度为100℃，预热时间为20min，再进行热压，热压工艺为：压力5MPa，冷压时间8min，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至3MPa，得热压木门坯；
(7)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，随后再面板和背板表面喷涂防火涂料，静置4天，最后进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
其中，所述有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将55份聚四氢呋喃二醇、3份氮化硼、3份十二烷基硫酸钠、1份辛酸亚锡和4份硅烷偶联剂混合，在60℃下搅拌1h，随后再加入45份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1份乙二胺基乙磺酸钠混合均匀，在60℃下搅拌1h，得到有机硅改性聚氨酯。
所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将3份氢氧化铝、4份纳米二氧化硅、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、6份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至70℃，高速搅拌1.5h；随后再加入8份多聚磷酸钠和60份EVA乳液(牌号DA-102)，搅拌15min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将12份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、2份硅烷偶联剂KH560、30份酚醛树脂、1.5份聚磷酸和3份季戊四醇加入高速混合机，搅拌分散均匀，随后再加入1份聚磷酸铵、2份硼酸锌、3份二氧化锑、5份硅藻土和12份水，在60℃下以300r/min的速度搅拌0.5h，得到所述防火涂料。
实施例2
一种复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将14份膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为40μm的粉末，随后与13份纳米二氧化硅、6份硫酸镁、5份煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入60份水，在70℃、1200r/min下搅拌1h，得到无机混合物；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的无机混合物、15份发泡剂BIH40、15份二乙基次膦酸铝和40份有机硅改性聚氨酯放入反应釜中，在90℃、250r/min下搅拌2h，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(4)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层。
(5)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；所述涂胶量为240g/m2；
(6)将步骤(5)得到的木门坯进行冷压，冷压工艺为：压力1MPa，冷压时间30min，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，预热温度为90℃，预热时间为30min，再进行热压，热压工艺为：压力3MPa，冷压时间20min，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至2MPa，得热压木门坯；
(7)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，随后再面板和背板表面喷涂防火涂料，静置2天，最后进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
其中，所述有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将58份聚四氢呋喃二醇、4份氮化硼、4份十二烷基硫酸钠、1份辛酸亚锡和5份硅烷偶联剂混合，在65℃下搅拌1h，随后再加入48份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和2份乙二胺基乙磺酸钠混合均匀，在65℃下搅拌0.5h，得到有机硅改性聚氨酯。
所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将3份氢氧化铝、4份纳米二氧化硅、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、6份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至70℃，高速搅拌1.5h；随后再加入8份多聚磷酸钠和60份EVA乳液(牌号DA-102)，搅拌15min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将12份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、2份硅烷偶联剂KH560、30份酚醛树脂、1.5份聚磷酸和3份季戊四醇加入高速混合机，搅拌分散均匀，随后再加入1份聚磷酸铵、2份硼酸锌、3份二氧化锑、5份硅藻土和12份水，在60℃下以300r/min的速度搅拌0.5h，得到所述防火涂料。
实施例3
一种复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将16份膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为60μm的粉末，随后与15份纳米二氧化硅、8份硫酸镁、7份煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入80份水，在90℃、1500r/min下搅拌0.5h，得到无机混合物；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的无机混合物、20份发泡剂BIH40、20份二乙基次膦酸铝和45份有机硅改性聚氨酯放入反应釜中，在100℃、300r/min下搅拌1h，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(4)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层。
(5)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；所述涂胶量为250g/m2；
(6)将步骤(5)得到的木门坯进行冷压，冷压工艺为：压力2MPa，冷压时间20min，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，预热温度为95℃，预热时间为25min，再进行热压，热压工艺为：压力5MPa，冷压时间10min，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至3MPa，得热压木门坯；
(7)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，随后再面板和背板表面喷涂防火涂料，静置3天，最后进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
其中，所述有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将60份聚四氢呋喃二醇、5份氮化硼、5份十二烷基硫酸钠、2份辛酸亚锡和6份硅烷偶联剂混合，在70℃下搅拌0.5h，随后再加入50份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和3份乙二胺基乙磺酸钠混合均匀，在70℃下搅拌0.5h，得到有机硅改性聚氨酯。
所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将3份氢氧化铝、4份纳米二氧化硅、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、6份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至70℃，高速搅拌1.5h；随后再加入8份多聚磷酸钠和60份EVA乳液(牌号DA-102)，搅拌15min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将12份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、2份硅烷偶联剂KH560、30份酚醛树脂、1.5份聚磷酸和3份季戊四醇加入高速混合机，搅拌分散均匀，随后再加入1份聚磷酸铵、2份硼酸锌、3份二氧化锑、5份硅藻土和12份水，在60℃下以300r/min的速度搅拌0.5h，得到所述防火涂料。
对比例1
一种复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将12份膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为20μm的粉末，随后与10份纳米二氧化硅、4份硫酸镁、3份煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入50份水，在60℃、1000r/min下搅拌0.5h，得到无机混合物；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的无机混合物、10份二乙基次膦酸铝和35份聚氨酯放入反应釜中，在80℃、200r/min下搅拌1h，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(4)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层；
(5)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；所述涂胶量为220g/m2；
(6)将步骤(5)得到的木门坯进行冷压，冷压工艺为：压力3MPa，冷压时间10min，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，预热温度为100℃，预热时间为20min，再进行热压，热压工艺为：压力5MPa，冷压时间8min，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至3MPa，得热压木门坯；
(7)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，随后再面板和背板表面喷涂防火涂料，静置4天，最后进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
其中，所述聚氨酯为市售普通水性聚氨酯，牌号为E0228；
所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将3份氢氧化铝、4份纳米二氧化硅、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、6份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至70℃，高速搅拌1.5h；随后再加入8份多聚磷酸钠和60份EVA乳液(牌号DA-102)，搅拌15min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将12份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、2份硅烷偶联剂KH560、30份酚醛树脂、1.5份聚磷酸和3份季戊四醇加入高速混合机，搅拌分散均匀，随后再加入1份聚磷酸铵、2份硼酸锌、3份二氧化锑、5份硅藻土和12份水，在60℃下以300r/min的速度搅拌0.5h，得到所述防火涂料。
对比例2
一种复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将12份膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为20μm的粉末，随后与10份纳米二氧化硅、4份硫酸镁、3份煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入50份水，在60℃、1000r/min下搅拌0.5h，得到无机混合物；
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的无机混合物、10份二乙基次膦酸铝和35份聚氨酯放入反应釜中，在80℃、200r/min下搅拌1h，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(4)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层；
(5)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；所述涂胶量为220g/m2；
(6)将步骤(5)得到的木门坯进行冷压，冷压工艺为：压力3MPa，冷压时间10min，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，预热温度为100℃，预热时间为20min，再进行热压，热压工艺为：压力5MPa，冷压时间8min，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至3MPa，得热压木门坯；
(7)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
其中，所述聚氨酯为市售普通水性聚氨酯，牌号为E0228；
所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将3份氢氧化铝、4份纳米二氧化硅、3份硼酸钙、1份十二烷基磺酸钠、6份羟甲基纤维素、15份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至70℃，高速搅拌1.5h；随后再加入8份多聚磷酸钠和60份EVA乳液(牌号DA-102)，搅拌15min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂。
将本发明实施例1-3和对比例1-2所制备的复合阻燃防火木门进行性能测试，其中，阻燃等级依据标准GB8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》及GB/T5424-2010《建筑材料不燃性试验方法》进行测试；根据GB 12955-2008《防火门》、GB/T 7633-2008《门和卷帘的耐火试验方法》和GB/T 978.1-2008《建筑构件耐火试验方法》，测试本发明复合阻燃防火木门的耐火完整性能和耐火隔热性能；按国家标准GB/T 17657-2013检测方法检测防火木门的胶合强度。测试结果如下表1：
表1防火木门性能测试结果
木门的耐火完整性是指在标准耐火试验条件下，当其某一面受火时，在一定时间内阻止火焰和热气穿透或在背火面出现火焰的能力；木门的耐火隔热性是指在标准试验条件下，木门当某一面受火时，在一定时间内背火面温度未超过180℃的能力。
从上表1中可以看出，本发明所制备的复合阻燃防火木门，在阻燃等级、耐火完整性和耐火隔热性方面均有良好的效果，减缓了木门的热量，延长了木门着火时间，有效的延缓了火灾的蔓延；同时，制备的阻燃胶黏剂具有良好的粘接性，使木门具有较好的力学性能。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种复合阻燃防火木门，其特征在于，所述复合阻燃防火木门依次由面板、防火芯层、背板通过阻燃胶黏剂粘接而成，所述面板和背板上均涂有防火涂料；
其中，所述防火芯层由以下重量份原料组成：10-15份纳米二氧化硅、4-8份硫酸镁、3-7份煤烟粉、10-20份发泡剂BIH40、10-20份二乙基次膦酸铝、12-16份膨胀珍珠岩、35-45份有机硅改性聚氨酯；
其中，所述有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将55-60份聚四氢呋喃二醇、2-5份氮化硼、3-5份十二烷基硫酸钠、1-2份辛酸亚锡和3-6份硅烷偶联剂混合，在60-70℃下搅拌0.5-1h，随后再加入45-50份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和1-3份乙二胺基乙磺酸钠混合均匀，在60-70℃下搅拌0.5-1h，得到有机硅改性聚氨酯；
所述阻燃胶黏剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将1-5份氢氧化铝、2-6份纳米二氧化硅、2-4份硼酸钙、0.5-2份十二烷基磺酸钠、4-8份羟甲基纤维素、10-25份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、6-15份丙烯酸羟乙酯加入反应釜加热至60-80℃，高速搅拌1-2h；随后再加入5-10份多聚磷酸钠和50-70份EVA乳液，搅拌10-20min，冷却至常温，即得所述阻燃胶黏剂；
所述防火芯层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)将膨胀珍珠岩放入气流粉碎机中，制成粒径为20-60μm的粉末，随后与纳米二氧化硅、硫酸镁、煤烟粉一起加入搅拌机内，加入上述原料1.5-2倍的水，进行搅拌反应，得到无机混合物；
(b)将步骤(a)中得到的无机混合物、发泡剂BIH40、二乙基次膦酸铝和有机硅改性聚氨酯放入反应釜中，进行反应，反应完成后冷却，得到浆料；
(c)将步骤(b)制得的浆料注入成型模具的模腔内，凝固成型；
(d)将凝固成型的材料脱模，进行养护处理，制得防火芯层；
所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将10-15份三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、1-3份硅烷偶联剂KH560、25-35份酚醛树脂、1-2份聚磷酸和2-4份季戊四醇加入高速混合机，搅拌分散均匀，随后再加入1-2份聚磷酸铵、1-2份硼酸锌、3-6份二氧化锑、3-5份硅藻土和10-15份水，在50-60℃下以200-500r/min的速度搅拌0.5-2h，得到所述防火涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合阻燃防火木门，其特征在于，步骤(a)中搅拌速度为500-1500r/min，反应温度为60-90℃，搅拌时间为0.5-1h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合阻燃防火木门，其特征在于，步骤(b)中反应温度为80-100℃，搅拌速度为180-300r/min，反应时间为1-2h。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述复合阻燃防火木门的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备防火芯层；
(2)将防火芯层、面板、背板切割成一定尺寸，随后在防火芯层两面涂布阻燃胶黏剂，接着将面板、背板粘接于防火芯层的两面，得到木门坯；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的木门坯进行冷压，将冷压后的木门坯进行预热，再进行热压，待木门坯之间的胶层固化成型后减压至1-4MPa，得热压木门坯；
(4)将热压木门坯于室温下放置3天，随后再面板和背板表面喷涂防火涂料，静置2-4天，最后进行锯边、表面修整、砂光、打磨，即得所述复合阻燃防火木门。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中的涂胶量为220-250g/m2。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中的冷压工艺为：压力1-3MPa，冷压时间10-30min；预热温度为90-100℃，预热时间为20-30min；热压工艺为：压力3-6MPa，冷压时间5-20min。
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