CN114436468A - Ecological chinampa device - Google Patents
Ecological chinampa device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114436468A CN114436468A CN202111615665.XA CN202111615665A CN114436468A CN 114436468 A CN114436468 A CN 114436468A CN 202111615665 A CN202111615665 A CN 202111615665A CN 114436468 A CN114436468 A CN 114436468A
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- floating island
- ecological floating
- module
- lower frame
- island device
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052875 vesuvianite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological floating island device which comprises a planting basket module, a floating plate module and an adsorption module; the planting basket module is composed of an upper frame and a lower frame for fixing plants, and the upper frame is arranged into criss-cross strip-shaped plates; the lower frame is used for filling a substrate, a plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the bottom of the lower frame, and the lower frame achieves a water permeable effect through the accommodating grooves; the adsorption module comprises modified coconut shell activated carbon and suspended filler. Compared with the prior art, the ecological floating island device has the beneficial effects that modified coconut shell activated carbon is added, mesopores are increased on the surface of the device, oxygen-containing functional groups are increased, namely adsorption sites are increased, a large number of adsorption sites are provided for the attachment of microorganisms, the adsorption of pollutants is facilitated, the coupling of the matrix and the filler is more beneficial to the growth of plants and the action of the microorganisms, and the purification effect of the ecological floating island on the pollutants is accelerated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water body treatment, in particular to an ecological floating island device.
Background
Along with the rapid development of urban economy, the urban scale is increasing day by day, the construction of urban environment infrastructures is lagged, the sewage discharge amount is greatly increased, so that the pollutant load is too much, the quality of surface water in the area is deteriorated, and the water body is seasonally or black and odorous all the year round. These black and odorous water bodies are currently considered as a prominent problem of water environment and urban pollution because they not only destroy the ecosystem, such as causing river pollution, lake pollution, etc., but also bring about huge losses in productivity, life, health, etc. of residents.
The ecological floating island is proved to be a more efficient and convenient technology for recovering black and odorous water, and has the characteristics of low cost, easy management, simple structure, high cost performance and the like. In addition, the ecological floating island has the unique advantage of not occupying additional land area. The ecological floating island can obviously reduce excessive nutrients in water and form a large amount of biomass by absorbing N, P and other nutrients in rivers and lakes, particularly, developed root systems can absorb a large amount of algae and other plankton, and release root system secretion can degrade organic pollutants, accelerate the decomposition of the pollutants and control the excessive reproduction of the plankton, thereby obviously improving the water transparency and the water quality.
However, the single ecological floating island has different absorption efficiency of pollutants because aquatic plants have certain requirements on the self-growing environment and the components of the black and odorous water body are complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an ecological floating island device, modified coconut shell activated carbon is added in the device, mesopores are increased on the surface of the device, oxygen-containing functional groups are increased, namely adsorption point positions are increased, a large number of attachment point positions are provided for attachment of microorganisms, adsorption of pollutants is facilitated, and the purification effect of the ecological floating island on the pollutants is further improved.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological floating island device, including a planting basket module, a floating plate module and an adsorption module;
the planting basket module consists of an upper frame and a lower frame for fixing plants, and the upper frame is arranged into criss-cross strip-shaped plates; the lower frame is used for filling a substrate, a plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the bottom of the lower frame, and the lower frame achieves a water permeable effect through the accommodating grooves;
the adsorption module comprises modified coconut shell activated carbon and suspended filler.
Compared with the prior art, the ecological floating island device has the beneficial effects that modified coconut shell activated carbon is added, mesopores are increased on the surface of the device, oxygen-containing functional groups are increased, namely adsorption sites are increased, a large number of adsorption sites are provided for the attachment of microorganisms, the adsorption of pollutants is facilitated, the coupling of the matrix and the filler is more beneficial to the growth of plants and the action of the microorganisms, and the purification effect of the ecological floating island on the pollutants is accelerated.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the lower frame is provided with a fixing column, the upper frame penetrates through the fixing column, and a movable sleeve for limiting the upper frame to be separated from the fixing column is arranged on the fixing column.
As an improvement of the scheme, the aperture of the accommodating groove is smaller than the particle size of the matrix.
As an improvement of the scheme, the matrix comprises volcanic rock and light ceramsite, and the particle size of the matrix is 5-10 mm.
As an improvement of the scheme, the plant is one or the combination of calamus, iris or droughhaired bevel herb.
As an improvement of the scheme, the particle size of the coconut shell activated carbon is 3-5mm, and the coconut shell activated carbon is wrapped by a net bag and fixed on the floating plate module through a nylon binding rope.
As an improvement of the scheme, the net bag is an activated carbon net.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the suspension filler is one or a combination of a combined filler, an elastic three-dimensional filler or a braided rope type filler.
As the improvement of the scheme, the planting basket module is made of organic glass.
As an improvement of the scheme, the floating plate module is made of polyvinyl chloride.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a planting basket module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Along with the rapid development of urban economy, the urban scale is increasing day by day, the construction of urban environment infrastructures is lagged, the sewage discharge amount is greatly increased, so that the pollutant load is too much, the quality of surface water in the area is deteriorated, and the water body is seasonally or black and odorous all the year round. At present, the ecological floating island is proved to be a more efficient and convenient technology for recovering black and odorous water, and has the characteristics of low cost, easy management, simple structure, high cost performance and the like. The invention aims to provide an ecological floating island device, which is added with modified coconut shell activated carbon, and provides a large number of attachment points for attachment of microorganisms by utilizing the increase of mesopores and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the modified coconut shell activated carbon, namely the increase of the attachment points, so that the adsorption of pollutants is facilitated, and the purification effect of the ecological floating island on the pollutants is further improved. The specific scheme is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
The utility model provides an ecological chinampa device, is including planting basket module, kickboard module 3 and absorption module, and in this embodiment, kickboard module 3 is polyvinyl chloride, and the concrete structure of planting basket module and absorption module is as follows:
referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a planting basket module in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper frame 8 in an embodiment of the present invention. The planting basket module is composed of an upper frame 8 and a lower frame 9 for fixing the plants 1, the upper frame 8 is arranged into criss-cross strip-shaped plates 10, and the interval distance of each strip-shaped plate is 3 cm; the lower frame 9 is used for filling the substrate 2, a plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the bottom of the lower frame 9, and the lower frame 9 achieves a water permeable effect through the accommodating grooves, specifically, in the embodiment, the bottom of each accommodating groove is designed to have a hole diameter of 5mm, so that the plant 1 and the substrate 2 are in contact with a water body;
the adsorption module comprises modified coconut shell activated carbon 4 and suspended filler 5.
The ecological floating island device has the beneficial effects that the modified coconut shell activated carbon 4 is added, mesopores are increased on the surface of the device, oxygen-containing functional groups are increased, namely adsorption point positions are increased, a large number of adsorption point positions are provided for the attachment of microorganisms, the adsorption of pollutants is facilitated, the growth of plants 1 and the action of the microorganisms are facilitated by coupling the matrix 2 and the filler, and the purification effect of the ecological floating island on the pollutants is accelerated.
Further explaining, in the present embodiment, the structure of the planting basket module is further refined, the lower frame 9 is provided with a fixing column 11, the upper frame 8 penetrates through the fixing column 11, and the fixing column 11 is provided with a movable sleeve 7 for limiting the upper frame 8 to be separated from the fixing column 11. The upper frame 8 can be detached by the movable sleeve 7, facilitating the placement and replacement of the substrate 2.
Further, in the present embodiment, considering that the floating plate module 3 is to support the planting basket module, volcanic rock and light ceramsite are selected as the substrate 2, and considering that the substrate 2 with small aperture is easy to leak from the containing groove in the lower frame 9, the particle size of 5-10mm is selected, and since the purchased volcanic rock and ceramsite are different in size and are stained with dust, the volcanic rock and ceramsite need to be pretreated before the experiment. Firstly, screening out ceramsite and vesuvianite matrix 2 with the particle size of 5-10mm by using a screen, then washing the screened ceramsite and vesuvianite with tap water for 5-6 times, and washing dust completely to avoid polluting black and odorous water.
Further, in this embodiment, the selected plant 1 is one or a combination of calamus, iris or droughhaired bevel herb, specifically, in this embodiment, the plant 1 is calamus, the root system of the plant 1 is large, the life cycle is long, the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus as self-growth and development ability is strong, and the efficiency of treating pollutants in black and odorous water is high.
Further, in this embodiment, the adsorption module comprises modified coconut shell activated carbon 4 and suspended filler 5, wherein the modified coconut shell activated carbon 4 has stable adsorption property, high adsorption efficiency, long service life and other practical properties and advantages, the selected particle size is 3-5mm, and the modified coconut shell activated carbon is wrapped by a net bag and fixed on the floating plate through a nylon tie rope. Specifically, in this embodiment, in order to further improve the adsorption capacity of the device, the net bag is an activated carbon net 6.
The preparation process of the modified coconut shell activated carbon 4 is as follows:
the coconut shell activated carbon is washed by water to remove surface sink and float and impurities, and is dried for 24 hours at the constant temperature of 110 ℃ for standby. 100g of coconut shell activated carbon is added into 500mL of HNO3 solution with the mass fraction of 30 percent, and the mixture is vibrated for 4 hours at 100r/min by a constant temperature oscillator. And after cooling, repeatedly washing with deionized water until the pH value is stabilized at about 7, and drying at the constant temperature of 110 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the modified coconut shell activated carbon.
More preferably, in this example, to determine the optimal amount of the modified activated carbon, 0.5g, 1g, 1.5g, 3g and 6g of the modified activated carbon were added into 50mL of the self-prepared black and odorous water solution, the water quality COD value was 105mg/L, the adsorption reaction was performed for 5 hours at an oscillation rotation speed of 100r/min, after the reaction was completed, the filtration was performed, the COD concentration value was measured, and the optimal amount of the modified coconut shell activated carbon 4 was determined to be 20 g/L.
Further, in this embodiment, the hanging filler 5 is one or a combination of a combined filler, an elastic three-dimensional filler, or a braided rope type filler, specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic three-dimensional filler is selected, before use, the hanging filler 5 is subjected to biofilm culturing for 15 to 20 days, and a natural biofilm culturing mode is adopted.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, take a black and odorous water body of a closed water body 60L as an example, the water quality of the black and odorous water body is COD 95mg/L, the water surface coverage area of the floating plate is 0.12m2, the water surface coverage is 45.3%, the ecological floating island is planted with emergent aquatic plants 1 droughhaired bevel grass, calamus and iris, the plant planting density ratio is 1: 1:1 and the coverage rate is 20 percent, and the proportion of the substrate 2 ceramsite to the volcanic rock is 1: 1.
In this example, the COD was measured after 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, and 30 days, and the results showed that the COD was reduced to 65mg/L, 42mg/L, 37mg/L, 30mg/L, and 23mg/L, respectively.
Further expand, strip shaped plate 10 chooses for use the adjustable structure of mutual interval in this embodiment, through such setting, makes strip shaped plate 10 can adjust to suitable interval according to the plant 1 size condition of reality to improve the planting stability of plant 1. Simultaneously, in order to improve the light transmission performance of planting the basket module, in this embodiment, plant the basket module and be the preparation of organic glass.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological floating island device is characterized by comprising a planting basket module, a floating plate module and an adsorption module;
the planting basket module is composed of an upper frame and a lower frame for fixing plants, and the upper frame is arranged into criss-cross strip-shaped plates; the lower frame is used for filling a substrate, a plurality of accommodating grooves are formed in the bottom of the lower frame, and the lower frame achieves a water permeable effect through the accommodating grooves;
the adsorption module comprises modified coconut shell activated carbon and suspended filler.
2. The ecological floating island device according to claim 1, wherein the lower frame is provided with a fixed column, the upper frame penetrates through the fixed column, and a movable sleeve limiting the upper frame to be separated from the fixed column is arranged on the fixed column.
3. The ecological floating island device according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the container is smaller than the particle size of the substrate.
4. The ecological floating island device according to claim 3, wherein the substrate comprises volcanic rock and light ceramsite, and the particle size of the substrate is 5-10 mm.
5. The ecological floating island device according to claim 3, wherein the plant is one or a combination of calamus, iris or droughhaired bevel grass.
6. The ecological floating island device according to claim 3, wherein the coconut shell activated carbon has a particle size of 3-5mm and is wrapped by a net bag and fixed on the floating plate module through a nylon binding rope.
7. The ecological floating island device according to claim 6, wherein the net bag is an activated carbon net.
8. The ecological floating island device according to claim 3, wherein the hanging filler is one or a combination of a combined filler, an elastic three-dimensional filler or a braided rope type filler.
9. The ecological floating island device according to claim 1, wherein the planting basket modules are plexiglas.
10. The ecological floating island device according to claim 1, wherein the floating plate module is polyvinyl chloride.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111615665.XA CN114436468A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Ecological chinampa device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111615665.XA CN114436468A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Ecological chinampa device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114436468A true CN114436468A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111615665.XA Pending CN114436468A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Ecological chinampa device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN114436468A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117105425A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-24 | 苏州北控环保科技有限公司 | Recycling ecological treatment method for black and odorous water body |
| CN117486376A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-02 | 华南理工大学 | An artificial floating island system for ecological restoration of high-salt sewage |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117105425A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-24 | 苏州北控环保科技有限公司 | Recycling ecological treatment method for black and odorous water body |
| CN117105425B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-01-09 | 苏州北控环保科技有限公司 | Recycling ecological treatment method for black and odorous water body |
| CN117486376A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-02 | 华南理工大学 | An artificial floating island system for ecological restoration of high-salt sewage |
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Application publication date: 20220506 |