CN103241838B - Method for improving ammonia nitrogen removal in constructed wetland by utilizing wetland harvesting plant - Google Patents

Method for improving ammonia nitrogen removal in constructed wetland by utilizing wetland harvesting plant Download PDF

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CN103241838B
CN103241838B CN201310181667.1A CN201310181667A CN103241838B CN 103241838 B CN103241838 B CN 103241838B CN 201310181667 A CN201310181667 A CN 201310181667A CN 103241838 B CN103241838 B CN 103241838B
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wetland
plant
biomass charcoal
water
charcoal material
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CN103241838A (en
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黄磊
高旭
陈玉成
杨志敏
肖广全
管宏友
陈庆华
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Southwest University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving ammonia nitrogen removal in a constructed wetland by utilizing a wetland harvesting plant. The constructed wetland comprises a pool body, a water inlet/outlet system, a wetland matrix and a wetland plant; the wetland plant is harvested and then carbonized to obtain a biomass carbon material of such a wetland plant, and then the biomass carbon material is backfilled into the pool body as the wetland matrix; the wetland matrix comprises a bottom layer, an intermediate layer and a surface layer which are placed from bottom to top in sequence; and the intermediate layer is the biomass carbon material. By adopting the method, the effect of removing NH4<+>-H in sewage is improved, no secondary pollution is brought, and the cost on construction and operation of the conventional constructed wetland can be effectively reduced; and the method has the characteristics of being stabile in water treatment effect and capable of buffering the impact to hydraulic power and pollution load. The method not only solves the problem that improper treatment is performed to the harvested wetland plant and causes secondary pollution to the environment, but also effectively improves the removal effect of the wetland to the NH4<+>-H, and realizes the recycle of the wetland plant.

Description

A kind of method utilizing wetland to gather in plant strengthened artificial wet land removal ammonia nitrogen
Technical field
The invention belongs to water treatment field, specifically, it relates to a kind of method utilizing wetland to gather in plant strengthened artificial wet land removal ammonia nitrogen.
Background technology
Artificial swamp is the principle of purifying waste water according to natural bioremediation, based on natural wetland technique, and associating matrix, microorganism and plant action, a kind of Ecosystem restoration system with advantages such as reduced investment, management are simple, working cost is cheap constructed.Through the development of nearly 40 years, artificial swamp, as a kind of sewage water denitrification technology of great potential, obtained widespread use both domestic and external.
Traditional Man wetland many employing gravity flow water intake mode, the dissolved oxygen in wetland mainly secretes oxygen effect from the contact of the water surface and air and root system of plant.Because the diffusion of Radial Oxygen Loss from Root ability gentle liquid level oxygen is more weak, wetland bed body is inner, bulk soil particularly in bed body, dissolved oxygen concentration is on the low side, even be in anoxic condition, thus being restricted of the growth and breeding of nitrobacteria and nitration reaction, the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen is poor, and then affects the denitrification ability of wetland.Therefore, for raising Nitrogen Removal Effect in Constructed Wetland, the dissolved oxygen state improved in wetland is very necessary.
In the decontamination mechanism of artificial wet land system, waterplant plays an important role, and shows as that effects of purification quality is good, energy consumption is low, simple, high financial profit.But for now, harvested wetland plant handling problems is the bottleneck factor of restriction wetland Sustainable development, for a long time, wetland harvesting plant is most by direct returning to farmland or burning, to environment, also causes the wasting of resources simultaneously.
Plants of Constructed Wetlands output is large, wide material sources and cheap, if harvested straw can be carried out carbonizing and is applied to artificial swamp as wet land filler, water retention property can be strengthened, improve porosity and air permeability, promote the removal effect of wetland plant and microbe, alleviate the adsorptive pressure of Wetland Substrate, extend its saturated time limit, can also resource reclaim be realized, solve the process problem of the rear plant of harvesting.
Summary of the invention
Poor for Traditional Man wetland denitrification effect, dissolved oxygen levels is low, and the handling problems of wetland plant after harvesting, the invention provides a kind of utilize wetland to gather in method that plant strengthened artificial wet land removes ammonia nitrogen.Present method enhances NH in sewage 4 +the removal effect of-N, and non-secondary pollution, effectively can also reduce Traditional Man wetland and build and working cost, have that water treatment efficiency is stablized, available buffer is to features such as the impacts of waterpower and pollution load.
The technical solution that the present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
A kind of method utilizing wetland to gather in plant strengthened artificial wet land removal ammonia nitrogen, this Wetland Type is undercurrent or surface current artificial wetland, comprise pond body, inlet and outlet system, be seated in the Wetland Substrate in the body of pond and plant the wetland plant in matrix, described wetland plant is per nnial herb; It is characterized in that: the charing process after the harvesting of harvesting season of described wetland plant obtains the biomass charcoal material of this wetland plant, is then backfilling in the body of pond using biomass charcoal material as Wetland Substrate; Described Wetland Substrate is divided into three-decker, is followed successively by bottom, middle layer and top layer from bottom to top, and bottom and top layer are rubble, and middle layer is this biomass charcoal material, and described biomass charcoal material is 33% ~ 50% of Wetland Substrate cumulative volume.
Described underlayer thickness is 8 ~ 9cm, and intermediate layer thickness is 6 ~ 14cm, and skin depth is 4 ~ 5cm, and the ballast grain sizes on bottom and top layer is 1 ~ 2cm.
Described wetland plant is Gramineae giantreed, and planting density is 15 ~ 25 strains/m 2, giantreed is at 500 DEG C and N 2carbonize 2h under protective condition, after Temperature fall fragmentation screening, namely obtain described biomass charcoal material.
Described pond body is cylindrical, and its diameter is 15 ~ 25cm, is highly 20 ~ 30cm, Wetland Substrate total height than on the body of pond along low 2-3cm, elevation of water surface is concordant with Wetland Substrate; Body sidewall top, pond arranges water inlet pipe, and bottom arranges water shoot, and water inlet pipe and water shoot bore are 2 ~ 5cm.
Compared to existing technology, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) biomass charcoal can strengthen water retention property, and improve porosity and air permeability, have very strong promoter action to nitration reaction in wetland, particularly for the horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land that DO transitivity is poor, biomass charcoal can improve its inner DO environment.Compared with Traditional Man wetland, in the present invention, DO level significantly improves (improving 0.2 ~ 3.0mg/L), enhance the growth and breeding of nitrobacteria and the generation of nitration reaction, thus enhance the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen, and then strengthen the denitrification ability of wetland.
2) ash element (as K, Ca and Mg etc.) the comparatively horn of plenty of biomass charcoal, to execute after wetland as soluble nutrient by plant utilization, is promoted the growth of plant by the physico-chemical property providing and store nutritive element and improve matrix.
3) large (450 ~ 550 m of the giantreed biomass charcoal specific surface area used in the present invention 2/ g), many mesopores, containing multiple oxy radicals such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, lactone group, phenolic hydroxyl group and carbonyls, be conducive to the absorption of ammonia nitrogen and be suitable as the carrier that microorganism growth grows, and environmentally friendly, non-secondary pollution, duration of service is long.
4) the present invention utilizes giantreed as constructed wetland plant, in matrix, add biomass charcoal, builds biomass charcoal subsurface constructed wetland, strengthens NH Wetlands on Wastewater from above-mentioned three aspects 4 +the removal effect of-N, its clearance, up to nearly 80%, improves about 40% compared with Traditional Man wetland.
5) the biomass charcoal material that the present invention uses is prepared by raw material with wetland plant, not only solves rear mishandling problem environment being caused to secondary pollution of wetland plant of harvesting, also effectively enhances wetland to NH 4 +the removal effect of-N, and the recycling achieving wetland plant.
6) the present invention makes full use of the biomass charcoal material being suitable for microorganism growth, utilize the mutual promoting action of biomass charcoal material and wetland plant, enhance the ability of Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands, improve wetland plant and Wetland Substrate to the contribution rate of sewage disposal, solve rear mishandling problem environment being caused to secondary pollution of wetland plant of harvesting, no matter on treatment effect, or in brought economic benefit, all there is obvious advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The artificial wetland structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1-the present invention.
Traditional Man wetland and DO comparison diagram of the present invention in Fig. 2-embodiment.
In Fig. 3-embodiment, Traditional Man wetland and the present invention are to NH 4 +-N removal effect comparison diagram.
Embodiment
Wetland Type of the present invention is undercurrent or surface current artificial wetland, and comprise pond body 1, inlet and outlet system, be seated in the Wetland Substrate in the body of pond and plant the wetland plant 2 in matrix, described wetland plant is per nnial herb.The charing process after the harvesting of harvesting season of described wetland plant obtains the biomass charcoal material of this wetland plant, is then backfilling in the body of pond as Wetland Substrate by biomass charcoal material.Described Wetland Substrate is divided into three-decker, is followed successively by bottom 3, middle layer 4 and top layer 5 from bottom to top, and bottom 3 and top layer 5 are rubble, and middle layer 4 is this biomass charcoal material, and described biomass charcoal material is 33% ~ 50% of Wetland Substrate cumulative volume.
Described underlayer thickness is 8 ~ 9cm, and intermediate layer thickness is 6 ~ 14cm, and skin depth is 4 ~ 5cm, and the ballast grain sizes on bottom and top layer is 1 ~ 2cm.
If biomass charcoal material is positioned at top layer, easy floating loss, if and be positioned at bottom and compressed by upper strata rubble, easily crushed by upper strata rubble again, therefore biomass charcoal material of the present invention is between two-layer rubble, by two-layer rubble, it is located, and skin depth is more shallow, is 4 ~ 5cm, biomass charcoal material would not be crushed like this.
Described pond body 1 is cylindrical, its diameter is 15 ~ 25cm, be highly 20 ~ 30cm, Wetland Substrate total height than on the body of pond along low 2-3cm, actual Wetland Substrate packing height is 18 ~ 28cm, elevation of water surface concordant with Wetland Substrate (remaining on 18 ~ 28cm place), altitude valve 6 is provided with at the elevation of water surface place preset, when higher than this water level, altitude valve 6 opens draining automatically, makes water level maintain this height all the time.Body sidewall top, pond arranges water inlet pipe 7, and bottom arranges water shoot 8, and water shoot 8 is provided with water check valve 9, and water inlet pipe and water shoot bore are 2 ~ 5cm, in order to water inlet and draining.
Described wetland plant is Gramineae giantreed, and planting density is 15 ~ 25 strains/m 2.Biomass charcoal material is by wetland plant---giantreed is at 500 DEG C and N 2under protective condition, charing 2h, gained after Temperature fall fragmentation screening.Giantreed biomass charcoal is in alkalescence, and pH value is 9 ~ 11; Have vesicular structure not of uniform size, surface ratio is more coarse; There are very high specific surface area (450 ~ 550 m 2/ g) and total pore volume (0.2 ~ 0.3 cm 3/ g); Aperture major part is distributed between 5 ~ 15nm, and it is main for showing as mesopore, is conducive to the absorption to ammonia nitrogen; Containing multiple oxy radicals such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, lactone group, phenolic hydroxyl group and carbonyls, these groups are conducive to the adsorption treatment of ammonia nitrogen.Described giantreed biomass charcoal content is up to 33% ~ 50% (giantreed biomass charcoal: matrix, volume ratio).
The speed that possible wetland plant produces biomass charcoal is not mated with the spending rate of biomass charcoal material, and the quantum of output of biomass charcoal may be excessive, also may the amount of owing.Under normal circumstances, the quantum of output of biomass charcoal is easily excessive, now can store the deficiency for making up other wet land system quantums of output.If water pollution is serious, so biomass charcoal materials consumption is very fast, the speed that wetland plant on same a slice wet land system may be caused to produce biomass charcoal can not catch up with the spending rate of biomass charcoal material, now can use to other wet land system the biomass charcoal that wetland plant produces.In principle, preparing biomass charcoal material plant used should be same plant with the plant planted on it.
After sewage of the present invention enters artificial wet land system, wetland plant, comprise the matrix of giantreed biomass charcoal and the synergy of microorganism under, be purified by physics, chemistry and biological action.Sewage is after purification, and water quality reaches " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard ", and (GB 18918-2002) one-level B marks.
Effect of the present invention is verified below by way of contrast experiment.
Build two constructed wetland reactor W 1(Traditional Man wetland) and W 2(the present invention), testing apparatus as shown in Figure 1, the size of reactor: diameter 20cm, high 26cm.Body sidewall top, pond and bottom arrange water inlet pipe and water shoot (bore is 2 ~ 5cm), in order to water inlet and draining.
Reactor filler is rubble and homemade giantreed biomass charcoal, and the volume ratio that the giantreed biomass charcoal added accounts for matrix is 0 (W 1) and 39% (W 2).The packing height of filler is 23cm, and reactor median water level remains on 23cm, and wetland reactor plant is giantreed, and in each reactor, initial giantreed quality is about 100g.
Active sludge takes from realgar sewage work of Chongqing City, and active sludge cleans the sewage domestication of rear human configuration after filtration, changes water every day once, tames and be inoculated in wetland reactor after one month.
Reactor water inlet is the sewage of human configuration, and water intake mode is intermittent water inflow, and water temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, HRT=2d, continues two months altogether, and reactor is stablized.
After reactor is stable, in one-period, NH in tracking and measuring wetland reactor 4 +the index such as-N and DO, observes its Changing Pattern.Moment that will add water was designated as 0 moment, and 30min, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 8h, 16h, 32h, 48h get wetland reactor water sample, measure its index.
By to W 1and W 2middle NH 4 +the tracing observation of-N and DO, can find and W 1compare, W 2the NH of 40% can be improved 4 +-N clearance, and its DO level is obviously higher, is conducive to the operation of wetland.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the method utilizing wetland to gather in plant strengthened artificial wet land removal ammonia nitrogen, this Wetland Type is undercurrent type or surface current artificial wetland, comprise pond body (1), inlet and outlet system, be seated in the Wetland Substrate in the body of pond and plant the wetland plant (2) in matrix, described wetland plant is per nnial herb; It is characterized in that: the charing process after the harvesting of harvesting season of described wetland plant obtains the biomass charcoal material of this wetland plant, is then backfilling in the body of pond using biomass charcoal material as Wetland Substrate; Described Wetland Substrate is divided into three-decker, and be followed successively by bottom (3), middle layer (4) and top layer (5) from bottom to top, bottom and top layer are rubble, and middle layer is this biomass charcoal material, and described biomass charcoal material is 39% of Wetland Substrate cumulative volume; Described underlayer thickness is 8 ~ 9cm, and intermediate layer thickness is 6 ~ 14cm, and skin depth is 4 ~ 5cm, and the ballast grain sizes on bottom and top layer is 1 ~ 2cm;
Described pond body (1) for cylindrical, diameter 20cm, be highly 26cm, Wetland Substrate total height 23cm, elevation of water surface is concordant with Wetland Substrate total height; Body sidewall top, pond arranges water inlet pipe (7), and bottom arranges water shoot (8), and water inlet pipe and water shoot bore are 2 ~ 5cm;
Reactor water intake mode is intermittent water inflow, and water temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C, HRT=2d.
2. the method utilizing wetland to gather in plant strengthened artificial wet land removal ammonia nitrogen according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described wetland plant is Gramineae giantreed, planting density is 15 ~ 25 strains/m 2, giantreed is at 500 DEG C and N 2carbonize 2h under protective condition, after Temperature fall fragmentation screening, namely obtain described biomass charcoal material.
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CN104261563A (en) * 2014-09-04 2015-01-07 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 Method for testing ammonia nitrogen absorbed by sea-weeds
CN106554134B (en) * 2016-11-23 2023-04-07 江南大学 Constructed wetland system and application thereof
CN107555414B (en) * 2017-09-15 2020-09-29 佛山科学技术学院 Garden waste biomass charcoal and preparation method and application thereof
CN107720971A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-02-23 山东大学 Artificial swamp and its pollutant based on biomass circulating strengthen minimizing technology
CN110813238A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-02-21 深圳市碧园环保技术有限公司 Wetland plant resource utilization method
CN111687207A (en) * 2020-05-18 2020-09-22 武汉兰多生物科技有限公司 Method for restoring polluted wetland by using bamboo reed charcoal
CN113526676A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-10-22 重庆大学 Artificial wetland system capable of enhancing denitrification

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