CN114434586A - 一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
- B27N1/0209—Methods, e.g. characterised by the composition of the agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
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- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
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- B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)选取竹、木、秸秆等材料,粉碎研磨成木材粉末;(2)向木材粉末中添加阻燃剂,杀菌剂和防霉剂,搅拌均匀;(3)向步骤(2)所得产物中加入胶黏剂,搅拌混合均匀;(4)将步骤(2)所得的产物撒料铺张于胶合板上,定型成单板;(5)将数张单板堆叠后,输送至冷压机,冷压12‑24小时定型位多层板;6)将多层板输送至热压机,热压,排湿干燥;(7)将多层板砂光定厚,裁边堆垛后,得到所述的多层密度合成人造功能板。本申请使用蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,制备的人造功能板阻燃性能好,耐水性好,吸水不膨胀,生产成本低,不易反潮开裂,无甲醛释放等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人造板技术领域,具体地,涉及一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法。
背景技术
当前的多层人造功能板,基材素板制造过程繁复,要反复多次补缝,刮腻子,砂光工序,才能制得一张成品基材素板,生产成本高。这样加工的产品在使用中,容易因气候温湿,热涨冷缩等造成膨胀鼓泡及出现接缝阴痕等不良现象。另外,当前的人造多层胶合板还存在不阻燃,不耐水浸泡,吸水膨胀,反潮开裂,甲醛释放超标等缺陷。虽然业界致力于改善这些缺陷,但叠加成本过高,无法形成商业价值。
另外,人造板必须通过胶黏剂将木材粉末,片皮等粘合起来,因此,胶黏剂是人造板的核心组分。当前人造板制备使用的胶黏剂90%以上属于甲醛系树脂胶黏剂,存在甲醛释放的问题。因此,研发替代的环保型木材胶黏剂的需求十分紧迫。
生物质胶黏剂具有环保,无毒等优良特性,是醛类胶黏剂的理想替代品。当前,已经研发成的生物质胶黏剂包括淀粉基胶黏剂,单宁胶黏剂,及蛋白质基胶黏剂等。其中,蛋白质胶黏剂无污染,环保,尤其是植物蛋白质具有可再生性而受到广泛的关注。其中,大豆在我国种植广泛,产量高,价格低廉,是生产植物蛋白胶黏剂的理想原料。然而,大豆蛋白胶黏剂存在耐水交接性差,改性交联剂使用量大等缺陷。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种多层密度合成人造功能板,解决现有多层人造功能板生产成本高,吸水膨胀,不耐水浸泡,反潮开裂,甲醛释放超标等缺陷。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选取竹、木、秸秆等材料,粉碎研磨成木材粉末;
(2)向木材粉末中添加阻燃剂,杀菌剂和防霉剂,搅拌均匀;
(3)向步骤(2)所得产物中加入木材粉末总质量0.75%的粘接剂,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的产物撒料铺张于胶合板上,定型成单板;
(5)将3-8张单板堆叠后,输送至冷压机,冷压12-24小时定型位多层板;
(6)将多层板输送至热压机,热压,排湿干燥;
(7)将多层板砂光定厚,裁边堆垛后,得到所述的多层密度合成人造功能板。
所述胶黏剂为蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,其制备方法如下:
(1)制备质量浓度为5%的蒙脱土悬浮液,搅拌均匀,使其充分润胀,得到蒙脱土悬浮液;
(2)制备质量浓度为10%的EGDE乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,备用;
(3)将蒙脱土悬浮液与EGDE乙醇溶液等质量比例混和,搅拌下加热至50℃,反应3-5小时,固液分离,得到EGDE改性的蒙脱土;
(4)在按照1.5:1的摩尔比加入二乙烯三胺和丁二酸酐,搅拌均匀,50℃热油浴反应2小时,升温至140度熔溶缩聚反应3小时,冷却至室温,得到超支化聚酰胺溶液;
(5)将步骤(3)制备的EGDE改性的蒙脱土加入水中,分散均匀,滴加超支化聚酰胺溶液,75℃水浴1小时,冷却至室温,洗涤数次,除去未反应的聚酰胺,得到超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土;
(6)将超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土在水中分散均匀,分多次加入30倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的大豆蛋白粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入10倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的三缩水甘油胺,其固含量为90%;搅拌,得到蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂。
大豆蛋白质是由多种氨基酸通过肽键链接而成的天然高分子,存在大量的氨基,羧基,羟基等活性基团,这些活性基团能与蒙脱土中的活性基团反应从而被改性。本申请利用二乙烯三胺和丁二酸酐反应合成超支化聚酰胺,超支化聚酰胺和乙二胺分别对蒙脱土进行氨基功能化修饰,成功制备了氨基化蒙脱土。利用氨基化石蒙脱土对大豆蛋白胶黏剂进行改性,提高胶合板耐水胶合强度,可达到1.18Mpa,满足室内胶合板胶合强度的要求。氨基化蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂因使用了蒙脱土,提高了胶合板的热稳定性。氨基化蒙脱土作为柔性片层纳米粒子被加入胶黏剂中,具有增韧的效果,且蒙脱土能够赋予胶合板吸水不膨胀,不易反潮开裂等性能。
所述阻燃剂为石墨基粉未是碳质元素结晶矿物,在隔绝氧气条件下,其熔点在3000℃以上,是最耐温的矿物之一。石墨基粉未在常温下有良好的化学稳定性,能耐酸、耐碱和耐有机溶剂的腐蚀。将石墨基粉未用于胶合板,能够赋予胶合板优异的阻燃性,提高胶合板阻燃和耐腐蚀性。所述石墨基粉未占木材质量百分比0.5~5wt%。
所述防霉剂为市面上常见的木材防霉剂,例如绿泰木材防霉剂,佛山科普茵木材三防剂(浸泡型)KP-M128等。
本发明的有益效果为:本申请所述的多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,使用蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,制备的人造功能板耐水胶合强度能达到使用要求,具有阻燃性能好,胶黏剂用量少,耐水性好,吸水不膨胀,生产成本低,不易反潮开裂,无甲醛释放等优点。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本发明的实施例,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选取竹、木、秸秆等材料,粉碎研磨成木材粉末;
(2)向木材粉末中添加阻燃剂石墨基粉未,杀菌剂和防霉剂,搅拌均匀;所述石墨基粉未占木材粉末总质量百分比0.5wt%;
(3)向步骤(2)所得产物中加入胶黏剂,所述的胶黏剂用量为木材粉末总质量的1%,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的产物撒料铺张于胶合板上,定型成单板;
(5)将3张单板堆叠后,输送至冷压机,冷压24小时定型位多层板;
(6)将多层板输送至热压机,热压,排湿干燥;
(7)将多层板砂光定厚,裁边堆垛后,得到所述的多层密度合成人造功能板;
所述胶黏剂为蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,其制备方法如下:
(1)制备质量浓度为5%的蒙脱土悬浮液,搅拌均匀,使其充分润胀,得到蒙脱土悬浮液;
(2)制备质量浓度为10%的EGDE乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,备用;
(3)将蒙脱土悬浮液与EGDE乙醇溶液等质量比例混和,搅拌下加热至50℃,反应4小时,固液分离,得到EGDE改性的蒙脱土;
(4)在按照1.5:1的摩尔比加入二乙烯三胺和丁二酸酐,搅拌均匀,50℃热油浴反应2小时,升温至140度熔溶缩聚反应3小时,冷却至室温,得到超支化聚酰胺溶液;
(5)将步骤(3)制备的EGDE改性的蒙脱土加入水中,分散均匀,滴加超支化聚酰胺溶液,75℃水浴1小时,冷却至室温,洗涤数次,除去未反应的聚酰胺,得到超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土;
(6)将超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土在水中分散均匀,分多次加入30倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的大豆蛋白粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入10倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的三缩水甘油胺,其固含量为90%;搅拌,得到蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂。
实施例2一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选取竹、木、秸秆等材料,粉碎研磨成木材粉末;
(2)向木材粉末中添加阻燃剂石墨基粉未,杀菌剂和防霉剂,搅拌均匀;所述石墨基粉未占木材粉末总质量百分比5wt%;
(3)向步骤(2)所得产物中加入胶黏剂,所述的胶黏剂用量为木材粉末总质量的0.5%,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的产物撒料铺张于胶合板上,定型成单板;
(5)将5张单板堆叠后,输送至冷压机,冷压12小时定型位多层板;
(6)将多层板输送至热压机,热压,排湿干燥;
(7)将多层板砂光定厚,裁边堆垛后,得到所述的多层密度合成人造功能板;
所述胶黏剂为蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,其制备方法如下:
(1)制备质量浓度为5%的蒙脱土悬浮液,搅拌均匀,使其充分润胀,得到蒙脱土悬浮液;
(2)制备质量浓度为10%的EGDE乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,备用;
(3)将蒙脱土悬浮液与EGDE乙醇溶液等质量比例混和,搅拌下加热至50℃,反应3小时,固液分离,得到EGDE改性的蒙脱土;
(4)在按照1.5:1的摩尔比加入二乙烯三胺和丁二酸酐,搅拌均匀,50℃热油浴反应2小时,升温至140度熔溶缩聚反应3小时,冷却至室温,得到超支化聚酰胺溶液;
(5)将步骤(3)制备的EGDE改性的蒙脱土加入水中,分散均匀,滴加超支化聚酰胺溶液,75℃水浴1小时,冷却至室温,洗涤数次,除去未反应的聚酰胺,得到超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土;
(6)将超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土在水中分散均匀,分多次加入30倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的大豆蛋白粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入10倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的三缩水甘油胺,其固含量为90%;搅拌,得到蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂。
实施例2一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)选取竹、木、秸秆等材料,粉碎研磨成木材粉末;
(2)向木材粉末中添加阻燃剂石墨基粉未,杀菌剂和防霉剂,搅拌均匀;所述石墨基粉未占木材粉末总质量百分比3wt%;
(3)向步骤(2)所得产物中加入胶黏剂,所述的胶黏剂用量为木材粉末总质量的0.75%,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的产物撒料铺张于胶合板上,定型成单板;
(5)将8张单板堆叠后,输送至冷压机,冷压20小时定型位多层板;
(6)将多层板输送至热压机,热压,排湿干燥;
(7)将多层板砂光定厚,裁边堆垛后,得到所述的多层密度合成人造功能板;
所述胶黏剂为蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,其制备方法如下:
(1)制备质量浓度为5%的蒙脱土悬浮液,搅拌均匀,使其充分润胀,得到蒙脱土悬浮液;
(2)制备质量浓度为10%的EGDE乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,备用;
(3)将蒙脱土悬浮液与EGDE乙醇溶液等质量比例混和,搅拌下加热至50℃,反应5小时,固液分离,得到EGDE改性的蒙脱土;
(4)在按照1.5:1的摩尔比加入二乙烯三胺和丁二酸酐,搅拌均匀,50℃热油浴反应2小时,升温至140度熔溶缩聚反应3小时,冷却至室温,得到超支化聚酰胺溶液;
(5)将步骤(3)制备的EGDE改性的蒙脱土加入水中,分散均匀,滴加超支化聚酰胺溶液,75℃水浴1小时,冷却至室温,洗涤数次,除去未反应的聚酰胺,得到超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土;
(6)将超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土在水中分散均匀,分多次加入30倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的大豆蛋白粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入10倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的三缩水甘油胺,其固含量为90%;搅拌,得到蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,其架构形式能够灵活多变,可以派生系列产品。只是做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)选取竹、木、秸秆等材料,粉碎研磨成木材粉末;
(2)向木材粉末中添加阻燃剂,杀菌剂和防霉剂,搅拌均匀;
(3)向步骤(2)所得产物中加入胶黏剂,搅拌混合均匀;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的产物撒料铺张于胶合板上,定型成单板;
(5)将3-8张单板堆叠后,输送至冷压机,冷压12-24小时定型位多层板;
(6)将多层板输送至热压机,热压,排湿干燥;
(7)将多层板砂光定厚,裁边堆垛后,得到所述的多层密度合成人造功能板。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶黏剂为蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂,其制备方法如下:
(1)制备质量浓度为5%的蒙脱土悬浮液,搅拌均匀,使其充分润胀,得到蒙脱土悬浮液;
(2)制备质量浓度为10%的EGDE乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀,备用;
(3)将蒙脱土悬浮液与EGDE乙醇溶液等质量比例混和,搅拌下加热至50℃,反应3-5小时,固液分离,得到EGDE改性的蒙脱土;
(4)在按照1.5:1的摩尔比加入二乙烯三胺和丁二酸酐,搅拌均匀,50℃热油浴反应2小时,升温至140度熔溶缩聚反应3小时,冷却至室温,得到超支化聚酰胺溶液;
(5)将步骤(3)制备的EGDE改性的蒙脱土加入水中,分散均匀,滴加超支化聚酰胺溶液,75℃水浴1小时,冷却至室温,洗涤数次,除去未反应的聚酰胺,得到超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土;
(6)将超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土在水中分散均匀,分多次加入30倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的大豆蛋白粉末,搅拌均匀,再加入10倍于超支胺功能化氧化蒙脱土的三缩水甘油胺,其固含量为90%;搅拌,得到蒙脱土改性大豆蛋白胶黏剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的胶黏剂用量为木材粉末总质量的0.5%-1%。
4.如权利要求2所述的多层密度合成人造功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为石墨基粉未,所述石墨基粉未占木材粉末总质量百分比0.5~5wt%。
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