CN114434343A - Non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, strengthening device and application - Google Patents
Non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, strengthening device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114434343A CN114434343A CN202210101178.XA CN202210101178A CN114434343A CN 114434343 A CN114434343 A CN 114434343A CN 202210101178 A CN202210101178 A CN 202210101178A CN 114434343 A CN114434343 A CN 114434343A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure and a strengthening device, which comprises a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe nozzle and a high-pressure inner nozzle, a cavitator, a gasket and a high-pressure nozzle plate are arranged between the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle and the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle from top to bottom, the low-pressure outer nozzle structure comprises a low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate arranged outside the high-pressure pipe nozzle and a low-pressure outer nozzle fixedly connected with the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate, the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle is provided with a low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, a high-pressure water jet sprayed from the high-pressure inner nozzle and a low-pressure water jet sprayed from the low-pressure outer nozzle can meet under the high-pressure inner nozzle to form a cavitation effect which is equal to the submerged environment, the cavitation jet impact pressure is enhanced, and the method is suitable for cavitation jet impact of large welding pieces in a non-submerged environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water jet peening, in particular to a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, a strengthening device and application.
Background
Energy is an important material basis for the development of economic society and is also the most main source of carbon emission. Since the 21 st century, human beings face the challenge of unprecedented resources and living environment problems, the manufacturing technology is revolutionarily changed, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution are deeply developed, China turns to a high-quality development stage, and the construction of manufacturing strong countries and quality strong countries needs to be accelerated, the optimization and upgrade of manufacturing industry are promoted, and the actions of cost reduction and burden reduction of the manufacturing industry are implemented.
At present, short service life and poor reliability are common problems of high-end equipment and parts in China, and fatigue failure is a symptom of the problems and accounts for more than 50% of failure modes of key core components of common machinery in China. In order to improve the fatigue failure resistance of the component, surface shot blasting strengthening treatment is a powerful measure for effectively delaying the fatigue crack initiation of the component and improving the fatigue life, for example, the traditional shot blasting treatment is widely applied to the manufacture of parts such as high-end gears, bearings and the like, but the method has the defects of high noise, poor economy, increased surface roughness and the like; ultrasonic impact, laser impact, and the like can also improve the fatigue life, but are difficult to apply to surface treatment of large members, and are inefficient and economically disadvantageous.
As a novel surface treatment technology, the water jet peening technology overcomes the defects of high cost, complex equipment, increased workpiece surface roughness, environmental pollution and the like of the traditional peening technology. The water jet technology has been widely applied in the fields of surface cleaning, material cutting, rock breaking, well drilling and the like, but is less applied in the field of surface strengthening. In order to improve the operation effect of the water jet, two ways are generally provided, the first way is to increase the working pressure, namely high-pressure or ultrahigh-pressure water jet, but higher requirements are provided for sealing, pipelines, installation and the like, so that the cost is greatly increased; the second method is to improve the working efficiency by improving the water jet form and improving the impact force of the water jet, such as pulse jet, cavitation jet, abrasive jet and the like. The cavitation jet is based on the cavitation principle, the operation effect of the jet is enhanced by utilizing high-pressure shock waves generated when cavitation bubbles collapse, and the impact pressure of the cavitation jet is more than 8 times of that of the continuous jet under the condition of the same pump pressure and flow rate. Cavitation shot blasting can be divided into a submerged type and a non-submerged type, the submerged type cavitation shot blasting theory is mature, and the cavitation shot blasting method is applied to strengthening treatment of small parts, but a member to be treated needs to be submerged in water, and the treatment requirement of a large welding structural member cannot be met, for example, large pressure-bearing equipment manufactured by welding needs to be treated by non-submerged type cavitation jet. However, most of the existing non-submerged cavitation nozzles form a cavitation effect by using external excitation (ultrasonic waves, electro-hydraulic pulses and the like) or improving the self structure (an organ pipe, an oscillation cavity, a central body) of the nozzle, the external excitation is complex in structure, high in energy consumption and high in device cost, the nozzles such as the organ pipe, the oscillation cavity, the central body and the like have poor cavitation effect, the strengthening effect is difficult to be equal to the cavitation effect in a submerged environment, the nozzle is seriously damaged, and the service life is short. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a non-submerged cavitation nozzle structure and an intensifying apparatus with high reliability and long service life, in which the cavitation effect is equivalent to the submerged cavitation jet, so as to realize the efficient shot blasting treatment of large welding components on site.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure and a strengthening device, which can form a cavitation effect equal to that in a submerged environment and are suitable for carrying out cavitation jet impact on a large-scale welding part in the non-submerged environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is arranged inside the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, a low-pressure water flow cavity is formed between the high-pressure inner nozzle structure and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is connected with a low-pressure pipeline;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe sprayer and a high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure inner nozzle is positioned below the high-pressure pipe sprayer, the high-pressure pipe sprayer is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure pipe sprayer comprises a high-pressure vertical section spray pipe and a high-pressure conical reducing outlet from top to bottom, the high-pressure inner nozzle comprises a conical expanding section and a semicircular expanding section from top to bottom, and a cavitator, a gasket and a high-pressure nozzle plate are arranged between the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe sprayer and the conical expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle from top to bottom;
the outer nozzle structure of low pressure is including setting up in the outside outer nozzle tube sheet of low pressure of high-pressure pipe shower nozzle and with the outer nozzle of low pressure of outer nozzle tube sheet bottom fixed connection's low pressure outer nozzle, be provided with the low pressure pipeline connector of a plurality of around the outer nozzle tube sheet circumference evenly distributed of low pressure on the outer nozzle tube sheet of low pressure, low pressure pipeline connector and low pressure pipe connection, the outer nozzle bottom of low pressure is provided with the outer nozzle export of low pressure, and the nozzle export is located the outer nozzle export top of low pressure in the high pressure.
In the technical scheme, the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, the low-pressure outer nozzle wraps the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet inside, and the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle meets the low-pressure water jet ejected from the low-pressure outer nozzle, so that a cavitation effect equivalent to that in a submerged environment can be formed, and the water jet peening impact pressure is enhanced.
Further, the cavitator inner diameter is smaller than the gasket inner diameter, and the high pressure inner nozzle plate inner diameter is the same as the cavitator inner diameter.
In the technical scheme, the high-pressure water jet sprayed from the high-pressure pipe nozzle firstly passes through the cavitator, the local pressure is increased after passing through the cavitator, a large amount of cavitation bubbles are formed in the cavitator, and the cavitation bubbles formed at the moment are very small; then the high-pressure water jet passes through the gasket, the flow channel in the gasket is enlarged, oscillation type cavitation is generated, and the cavitation effect is enhanced; then the high-pressure water jet flows out through the high-pressure nozzle plate, the inner diameter of the high-pressure nozzle plate is the same as that of the cavitator and is smaller than that of the gasket, so that the pressure of the high-pressure water jet in the high-pressure nozzle plate can be increased, and the injection pressure of the high-pressure water jet is ensured; then the high-pressure water jet flows to the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and adhesive cavitation is generated on the inner wall of the expanding section, so that cavitation bubbles can grow up, and the cavitation effect is further enhanced; finally, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle meets the low-pressure water jet ejected from the low-pressure inner nozzle, vortex shear type cavitation can be generated, more cavitation bubbles are generated, growth of the cavitation bubbles is promoted, and the cavitation effect is maximized.
Further, the inner diameter of the cavitator is 2-3 mm, and the inner diameter of the gasket is 3-4 mm.
In the technical scheme, the inner diameters of the cavitator and the gasket are controlled, so that the high-pressure inner nozzle structure can have a good cavitation effect and an impact area, if the diameter is too small, the jet pressure is concentrated to damage the surface, and if the diameter is too large, a good cavitation effect cannot be formed. In addition, the height of the gasket is 3 times of the inner diameter of the cavitator, and the high-pressure inner nozzle has better flow field distribution through flow field simulation analysis.
Further, the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 2-2.5 mm.
In the technical scheme, a large amount of cavitation bubbles are formed in the high-pressure water jet ejected by the high-pressure inner nozzle, a certain growth time is required for the growth of the cavitation bubbles, namely, a sufficiently large low-pressure area is formed, so a sufficiently large low-pressure area is reserved in a low-pressure water flow cavity of the low-pressure outer nozzle, through numerical simulation research, the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is controlled to be 2-2.5 mm, the best converged cavitation effect can be formed after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet, the air bubbles grow up and new air bubbles are generated at the same time, and when the H is 2mm, the cavitation effect is optimal.
Furthermore, the low-pressure outer nozzle and the high-pressure inner nozzle are both conical, the inclination angle alpha of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle is smaller than the inclination angle beta of the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle, alpha is 5-10 degrees smaller than beta, and alpha is 70-75 degrees.
In the technical scheme, the inclination angles of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle are controlled, so that the low-pressure water jet can flow towards the expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and the best converged cavitation effect can be formed after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet.
Furthermore, the angle of the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle is the same as the angle gamma of the conical expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and the gamma is 30-40 degrees.
In the technical scheme, through numerical simulation analysis, the angle of the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head is the same as the angle gamma of the conical expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle, so that the high-pressure water jet can be ensured to form the optimal cavitation bubble gas phase distribution at the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle.
Further, the inner diameter of the low-pressure line is required to satisfy
Wherein D is0Is the inner diameter of the low-pressure line, D1Is the high-pressure inner nozzle tip diameter, D2Is the diameter of the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and n is the number of low-pressure pipelines.
Through the technical scheme, the low-pressure water jet flow requirement of the low-pressure outer nozzle can be ensured. n is preferably 4 or 6, and the requirement of uniformity of the internal flow field of the low-pressure external nozzle can be met.
Further, the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe nozzle is 3 times of the inner diameter of the cavitator, namely 6-9 mm, and the diameter of the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle is the same as the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe nozzle.
In the technical scheme, the flow rate of the high-pressure inner nozzle can meet the requirement by controlling the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe nozzle, and in addition, the pressure of the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle can be ensured to be basically equal to the pressure of the inlet of the high-pressure pipe nozzle by controlling the inner diameter of the high-pressure nozzle plate and the diameter of the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle.
Furthermore, high-pressure water jet ejected by the high-pressure pipe nozzle sequentially flows through the cavitator, the gasket, the high-pressure nozzle plate, the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and after being ejected through the high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure water jet meets a low-pressure water jet in a cavity between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle and is ejected from the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle;
the cavitator is used for cavitating bubble nucleation to generate a large amount of air bubbles;
oscillation type cavitation is generated in the gasket and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth;
the inner walls of the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle generate attached cavitation for growth of cavitation bubbles;
and a cavity between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is used for forming vortex shearing type cavitation after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet, and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth, so that the cavitation effect is maximized.
The invention also provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, which comprises a water supply tank, a recovery tank and a nozzle regulating system besides the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a high-pressure pipeline, the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a low-pressure pipeline, and the recovery tank is connected with the water supply tank through a recovery pipeline; the high-pressure pipeline and the low-pressure pipeline are respectively provided with a water pump, a control valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge, and the recovery pipeline is provided with a water pump, a control valve and a filter;
the nozzle regulation and control system comprises a supporting base, a nozzle supporting frame and a nozzle clamping mechanism, wherein the nozzle clamping mechanism is used for clamping and fixing a water jet nozzle structure, the supporting base is arranged at the bottom in the recovery water tank, the nozzle supporting frame is provided with 2 groups, the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames are vertically arranged above the supporting base, the nozzle clamping mechanism is arranged between the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames, the left side and the right side of the nozzle clamping mechanism are respectively connected with the inner side surfaces of the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames in a sliding mode, and the rear side surface of the nozzle clamping mechanism is further connected with a driving mechanism.
The invention also provides an application of the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device in water jet shot peening strengthening, which comprises the following application processes: placing a workpiece to be processed below the water jet nozzle structure, adjusting the water flow pressure of a low-pressure pipeline, the water flow pressure of a high-pressure pipeline and the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be processed, and performing shot blasting strengthening treatment on the surface of the workpiece to be processed; the distance between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is
Wherein, P0For low pressure line water flow pressure, PiIs the high pressure line water flow pressure and d is the gasket inside diameter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the water jet nozzle structure provided by the invention can form a cavitation effect equivalent to that in a submerged environment, and is suitable for carrying out cavitation jet impact on a large-scale welding part in a non-submerged environment;
(2) the water jet nozzle structure provided by the invention realizes the gradual enhancement of the cavitation effect through the cavitator, the gasket and the diameter expansion section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and improves the impact pressure of cavitation jet;
(3) the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device provided by the invention has the advantages that the distance between the nozzle structure and the surface of a workpiece to be treated is convenient to adjust through the nozzle support frame and the nozzle clamping mechanism, and the optimal cavitation effect under different pressures is obtained;
(4) the cavitation water jet flow strengthening device provided by the invention is also provided with a recovery water tank and a recovery pipeline, and the recovery pipeline is provided with the filter, so that water can be recycled, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high-pressure inner nozzle structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the non-submerged cavitation water jet peening device of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure of comparative example 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure of comparative example 2.
The figure is marked with: 1. a high pressure line; 2. sealing gaskets; 3. a low-pressure pipeline connection port; 4. a low pressure outer nozzle tube sheet; 5. a low pressure outer nozzle; 6. a high pressure pipe nozzle; 7. a high pressure inner nozzle; 71. a tapered expanding section; 72. a semicircular diameter expanding section; 8. a cavitator; 9. a gasket; a high pressure nozzle plate; 11. a control valve; 12. a filter; 13. a common water pump; 14. a plunger pump; 15. a pulsation damper; 16. a flow meter; 17. a pressure gauge; 18. a low pressure branch line; 19. a nozzle clamping mechanism; 20. a nozzle support frame; 21. a recovery water tank; 22. a support base; 23. the cylinder supports the roller; 24. a water supply tank; 25. a low pressure line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, including a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is arranged inside the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, a low-pressure water flow cavity is formed between the high-pressure inner nozzle structure and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline 1, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is connected with one end of a low-pressure pipeline 25.
Specifically, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 and a high-pressure inner nozzle 7, the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 is positioned below the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6, the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 is connected with a high-pressure pipeline 1, a high-pressure vertical section spray pipe and a high-pressure conical reducing outlet are arranged inside the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 from top to bottom, the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 comprises a conical expanding section 71 and a semicircular expanding section 72 from top to bottom, and a cavitator 8, a gasket 9 and a high-pressure nozzle plate 10 are arranged between the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 and the conical expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 from top to bottom;
the low-pressure outer nozzle structure comprises a low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 arranged outside a high-pressure tube spray head 6 and a low-pressure outer nozzle 5 fixedly connected with the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4, wherein the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 and the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 are fixed in a welding mode, a plurality of low-pressure pipeline connecting ports 3 uniformly distributed around the circumference of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 are arranged on the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4, the low-pressure pipeline connecting ports 3 are connected with low-pressure pipelines 25, and a plurality of low-pressure branch pipelines 18 are arranged at one end of each low-pressure pipeline 25 so that the low-pressure pipeline connecting ports 3 are connected with the low-pressure branch pipelines 18; in addition, the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is provided with a low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, and the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, namely the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 wraps the high-pressure inner nozzle 7;
in addition, the outer part of the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 and the end parts at two ends are provided with external threads, the upper part of the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 is in threaded connection with the low-pressure outer nozzle pipe plate 4, the lower part of the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 is in threaded connection with the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and the joint of the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 and the low-pressure outer nozzle pipe plate 4 and the joint of the high-pressure pipe sprayer 6 and the high-pressure outer nozzle are provided with sealing gaskets 2, so that the sealing performance of the nozzle structure is ensured.
In the above-mentioned high-pressure internal nozzle structure, the cavitation device 8 has an inner diameter d1Is smaller than the inner diameter d of the washer 92The inner diameter of the plate of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 is the same as the inner diameter of the cavitator 8, and the height of the gasket 9 is 3 times of the inner diameter of the cavitator 8. Specifically, 8 internal diameters of cavitators are 2 ~ 3mm, 8 high and the gasket 9 highly unanimous of cavitator, 9 internal diameters of gasket are 3 ~ 4mm, the height of gasket 9 is 6 ~ 9 mm.
The distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is 2-2.5 mm, and a low-pressure area is reserved in the low-pressure water flow cavity, so that the best converged cavitation effect is formed after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet.
The low-pressure outer nozzle 5 and the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 are both conical, the inclination angle alpha of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is smaller than the inclination angle beta of the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, alpha is 5-10 degrees smaller than beta, and alpha is 70-75 degrees, and by controlling the inclination angles of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 and the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, the low-pressure water jet can be ensured to flow towards the direction of the diameter expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and the optimal converging cavitation effect can be formed after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet.
The angle of the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 is the same as the angle gamma of the conical expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and the gamma is 30-40 degrees. The angle of the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 is the same as the angle gamma of the conical expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, so that the high-pressure water jet can form the optimal cavitation bubble gas phase distribution at the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle.
The height h of the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 61The height h of the conical expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 72Same, take h1＝h2＝1.5d1。
Inner diameter D of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 63Is the inner diameter d of the cavitator 813 times of the diameter of the semicircular diameter-expanding section 72 of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, i.e., 6 to 9mm, and4inner diameter D of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 63The same is true.
Further, the inner diameter of the low-pressure line connection port 3 is required to be satisfactory
Wherein D is0For the inner diameter, D, of the low-pressure line connection 31Is the diameter of the end of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, D2The diameter of the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and n is the number of the low-pressure branch lines 18. The low-pressure water jet flow requirement of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 can be ensured. n is preferably 4 or 6, which can meet the requirement of uniform flow field inside the low-pressure outer nozzle 5.
Diameter D of the end of the high-pressure inner nozzle 71Suggesting 3D3Thus saving materialsMeanwhile, the strength requirement of the nozzle structure is met; diameter D of the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle2Propose 6D3Even if the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 36-54 mm, the range of a welding seam and a heat affected zone of a common welding joint can be covered.
In the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, high-pressure water jet ejected by the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 sequentially flows through the cavitator 8, the gasket 9, the high-pressure nozzle plate 10, the conical expanding section 71 and the semicircular expanding section 72 of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and the high-pressure water jet is ejected through the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, meets a cavity between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 with low-pressure water jet and is ejected from the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle; wherein:
the cavitator 8 is used for cavitating bubble nucleation, and the cavitator 8 can specifically adopt a porous plate cavitator 8, namely a plurality of layers of cavitating plates with a plurality of through holes are vertically arranged in the cylindrical cavitating pipe, and can also adopt cavitators with other structures for increasing the cavitating bubble nucleation;
oscillation type cavitation is generated in the gasket 9 and used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth, and the cavitation effect is further enhanced;
the inner walls of the conical expanding section 71 and the semicircular expanding section 72 of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 generate adhesion type cavitation for cavitation bubble growth to further enhance the cavitation effect;
and a cavity between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is used for forming vortex shearing type cavitation after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet, and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth, so that the cavitation effect is maximized.
Referring to fig. 3, the embodiment further provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device for performing high-efficiency shot blasting treatment on a welding member, which comprises a water supply tank 24, a recovery water tank 21 and a nozzle regulating system in addition to the above-mentioned non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure.
Specifically, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank 24 through a high-pressure pipeline 1, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank 24 through a low-pressure pipeline 25; and the high-pressure pipeline 1 and the low-pressure pipeline 25 are respectively provided with a water pump, a control valve 11, a flow meter 16, a pressure gauge 17 and a filter 12, wherein the water pump on the high-pressure pipeline 1 is a plunger pump 14 and is used for forming high-pressure high-speed water jet, the water pump on the low-pressure pipeline 25 is a common water pump 13 and is used for pumping water in a water supply tank 24 into a low-pressure outer nozzle structure to form low-pressure low-speed water jet, in addition, the high-pressure pipeline 1 is also provided with a pulsation damper 15, and the pulsation damper 15 is arranged at the rear end of the plunger pump 14 to ensure that stable high-pressure water jet is formed.
The recovery water tank 21 is connected with the water supply tank 24 through a recovery pipeline, a water pump, a control valve 11 and a filter 12 are arranged on the recovery pipeline, the water pump also adopts a common water pump 13, and water in the recovery water tank 21 can be purified and pumped into the water supply tank 24 through the recovery water tank 21 and the recovery pipeline, so that a water circulation system is formed.
The nozzle regulating system comprises a supporting base 22, a nozzle supporting frame 20 and a nozzle clamping mechanism 19, the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 is used for clamping and fixing a water jet nozzle structure, the nozzle supporting frame 20 is a telescopic supporting frame, used for adjusting the installation height of a water jet nozzle structure, the supporting base 22 is arranged at the bottom in the recovery water tank 21, the nozzle supporting frames 20 are arranged in 2 groups, and 2 sets of nozzle support frames 20 are vertically arranged above the support base 22, the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 is arranged between the 2 sets of nozzle support frames 20, and the left and right sides of the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 are respectively connected with the inner side surfaces of the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames 20 in a sliding way, specifically adopting a sliding chute and sliding rail way, the rear side surface of the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 is also connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism can adopt an electric push rod to drive the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 to move along the front-back direction. When the workpiece to be processed is of a flat plate structure, the workpiece to be processed can be placed above the supporting seat, the workpiece to be processed is kept still after the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the surface of the workpiece to be processed is adjusted, the moving speed of the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 is set, the nozzle is driven to move by the movement of the nozzle clamping mechanism 19, and the cavitation water jet strengthening treatment on the whole plane welding line is realized; when the workpiece to be processed is in a circumferential weld barrel structure, a barrel supporting roller 23 and a corresponding roller driving mechanism can be arranged above the supporting seat, the barrel is placed above the barrel supporting roller 23, after the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the surface of the workpiece to be processed is adjusted, the nozzle is kept still, the barrel supporting roller 23 is started, the rolling speed is adjusted, the barrel supporting roller 23 drives the circumferential weld barrel to rotate, and cavitation water jet strengthening treatment on the whole circumferential weld is realized.
The distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be treated is the distance S between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated, and S is preferably the distance S between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated
Wherein, P0For low pressure line water flow pressure, PiIs the pressure of the high-pressure pipeline water flow, d2Is the inner diameter of the washer, P0Taking the pressure of 0.03-0.07 MPa, PiThe best cavitation effect can be achieved by taking 30-40 MPa.
In addition, in order to ensure the best cavitation water jet strengthening effect, the moving speed of the nozzle or the moving speed of the workpiece to be treated needs to be controlled, and the moving speed is controlled within 25-35 s/mm, preferably 30 s/mm.
The non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device is adopted to carry out water jet strengthening treatment on the 2205 duplex stainless steel circumferential weld cylinder sample for eliminating the welding residual stress.
Wherein, the parameters of the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device are as follows:
internal diameter d of cavitator12mm, washer inner diameter d23mm, 6mm of gasket height, 2mm of distance H between the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet and the low-pressure outer nozzle end, 70 degrees of inclination angle alpha of the low-pressure outer nozzle outer wall, 76 degrees of inclination angle beta of the high-pressure inner nozzle outer wall, 35 degrees of angle gamma of the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle and the conical expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and 35 degrees of diameter D of the high-pressure inner nozzle end118mm, low pressure outer nozzle exit diameter D236mm, inner diameter D of the high-pressure pipe nozzle36mm, diameter D of the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle46mm, and the number n of low-pressure branch lines is 4.
The parameters of the 2205 duplex stainless steel girth weld cylinder sample are as follows:
the diameter of the cylinder is 1080mm, the wall thickness is 22mm, the length is 1700mm, submerged arc welding is adopted, the number of welding lines is 8, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding current is 120A, the welding speed is 2mm/s, and the width of the welding line is 12 mm.
Taking 2 samples of the 2205 duplex stainless steel circular weld cylinder, testing the residual stress of a welding line area, a heat affected area and a parent metal area of one circular weld cylinder by adopting an indentation method, testing 3 points in the welding line area, testing 3 points in the surrounding areas at two sides of the welding line respectively, and enabling the distance between the test points to be as shown in the following table 1; then another cylinder with circumferential weld is taken and placed on a cylinder supporting roller of the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, and the water flow pressure P of the high-pressure pipeline is seti40MPa, low pressure pipeline water flow pressure P0The pressure is 0.05MPa, the distance S between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of a workpiece to be processed is 300mm, the rotating speed of the cylinder supporting roller is 30S/mm, and the cylinder with the circumferential weld is subjected to cavitation water jet impact treatment once. And then adopting an indentation method to carry out residual stress on the circumferential weld cylinder weld joint area, the heat affected zone and the base metal area after the cavitation jet treatment, wherein the test position is the same as the position without the cavitation jet treatment. The longitudinal and transverse residual stress test data of the obtained circumferential weld cylinder before and after cavitation jet impact are respectively listed in table 1. As can be seen from the table 1, after the cylinder with the circumferential weld is treated by the cavitation water jet strengthening device, the transverse residual stress and the longitudinal residual stress are both obviously reduced, and the residual compressive stress is generated in the weld and the surrounding area, which shows that the device has good effect of eliminating the residual stress of the weld.
TABLE 1
In addition, fatigue samples were cut on the girth weld cylinder before and after the cavitation water jet impact, and stress control fatigue tests were performed under the same load, and the obtained fatigue lives under different stress amplitudes before and after the cavitation water jet impact were respectively listed in table 2, with the stress ratio R being 0. It is obvious from table 2 that the fatigue life of the welded joint is improved after cavitation water jet impact, and particularly, the fatigue life is improved by the maximum of more than 3 times as the load is reduced.
TABLE 2
Comparative example 1
The comparative example 1 provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that no cavitator is arranged in the comparative example, and the other structures are the same.
Taking a circumferential weld cylinder sample which is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and carrying out cavitation water jet impact treatment on the circumferential weld cylinder sample once by adopting the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device in the comparative example 1 according to the same water jet strengthening parameters. Then, residual stress of a circumferential weld cylinder welding seam area, a heat affected zone and a base metal area after cavitation jet flow treatment is carried out by adopting an indentation method, the testing position is the same as the position which is not subjected to cavitation jet flow treatment in the embodiment 1, the obtained longitudinal and transverse residual stress test data of the circumferential weld cylinder before and after cavitation jet flow impact are respectively listed in a table 3, and as can be seen from the table 3, after the circumferential weld cylinder is treated by the cavitation water jet flow strengthening device of the embodiment, the transverse residual stress and the longitudinal residual stress are obviously reduced, and the residual compressive stress is generated in a welding seam and a region close to the welding seam, so that the effect of eliminating the welding residual stress is good; however, the reinforcing effect is relatively inferior to that of example 1.
TABLE 3
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example 2 provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet peening apparatus, which is different from the comparative example 1 in that the tapered diameter-expanding section and the semicircular diameter-expanding section of the high pressure inner nozzle are designed as non-diameter-expanding sections in the present comparative example, that is, the inner diameter of the high pressure inner nozzle is the same as the inner diameter of the high pressure nozzle plate, and the other structures are the same.
And taking the circumferential weld cylinder sample same as the circumferential weld cylinder sample in the embodiment 1, and carrying out cavitation water jet impact treatment on the circumferential weld cylinder sample once by adopting the cavitation water jet strengthening device of the comparative example 2 according to the same water jet strengthening parameters. And then, adopting an indentation method to carry out residual stress on a welding seam area, a heat affected zone and a base metal area of the circumferential weld cylinder after cavitation jet flow treatment, wherein the test positions are the same as the positions which are not subjected to the cavitation jet flow treatment in the embodiment 1, and the obtained longitudinal and transverse residual stress test data of the circumferential weld cylinder before and after cavitation jet flow impact are respectively listed in the table 4. In addition, 3 circumferential weld cylinder samples are taken, the distances (200mm, 250mm and 350mm) between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be processed are adjusted, residual compressive stress cannot be generated when the circumferential weld cylinder samples impacted at different distances are subjected to indentation detection, and even if the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be processed is adjusted, the strengthening effect of the embodiment 1 cannot be achieved.
TABLE 4
The parts not mentioned above can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure is characterized by comprising a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is arranged inside the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, a low-pressure water flow cavity is formed between the high-pressure inner nozzle structure and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is connected with a low-pressure pipeline;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe sprayer and a high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure inner nozzle is positioned below the high-pressure pipe sprayer, the high-pressure pipe sprayer is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure pipe sprayer comprises a high-pressure vertical section spray pipe and a high-pressure conical reducing outlet from top to bottom, the high-pressure inner nozzle comprises a conical expanding section and a semicircular expanding section from top to bottom, and a cavitator, a gasket and a high-pressure nozzle plate are arranged between the high-pressure conical reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe sprayer and the conical expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle from top to bottom;
the outer nozzle structure of low pressure is including setting up in the outside outer nozzle tube sheet of low pressure of high-pressure pipe shower nozzle and with the outer nozzle of low pressure of outer nozzle tube sheet bottom fixed connection's low pressure outer nozzle, be provided with the low pressure pipeline connector of a plurality of around the outer nozzle tube sheet circumference evenly distributed of low pressure on the outer nozzle tube sheet of low pressure, low pressure pipeline connector and low pressure pipe connection, the outer nozzle bottom of low pressure is provided with the outer nozzle export of low pressure, and the nozzle export is located the outer nozzle export top of low pressure in the high pressure.
2. A non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cavitator inside diameter is smaller than the gasket inside diameter, and the high pressure inner nozzle plate inside diameter is the same as the cavitator inside diameter.
3. The non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inner diameter of the cavitator is 2-3 mm, and the inner diameter of the gasket is 3-4 mm.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 2-2.5 mm.
5. The non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low pressure outer nozzle and the high pressure inner nozzle are both tapered, the inclination angle α of the outer wall of the low pressure outer nozzle is smaller than the inclination angle β of the outer wall of the high pressure inner nozzle, α is 5-10 ° smaller than β, and α is 70-75 °.
6. The non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the angle of the high pressure tapered reducing outlet at the lower part of the high pressure pipe nozzle head is the same as the angle γ of the tapered expanding section at the upper part of the high pressure inner nozzle, and γ is 30 ° to 40 °.
7. A non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein the low-pressure line has an inner diameter sufficient to satisfy
Wherein D is0Is the inner diameter of the low-pressure line, D1Is the diameter of the end of the high-pressure inner nozzle, D2Is the diameter of the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and n is the number of low-pressure pipelines.
8. The non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high pressure water jet from the high pressure nozzle sequentially passes through the cavitator, the gasket, the high pressure nozzle plate, the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high pressure inner nozzle, and the high pressure water jet after passing through the high pressure inner nozzle meets the low pressure water jet in the cavity between the outlet of the high pressure inner nozzle and the end of the low pressure outer nozzle and is emitted from the outlet of the low pressure outer nozzle;
the cavitator is used for cavitating bubble nucleation;
oscillation type cavitation is generated in the gasket and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth;
the inner walls of the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle generate attached cavitation for growth of cavitation bubbles;
and a cavity between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is used for forming vortex shear type cavitation after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth.
9. A non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, which comprises a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by further comprising a water supply tank, a recovery tank and a nozzle regulating system;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a high-pressure pipeline, the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a low-pressure pipeline, and the recovery tank is connected with the water supply tank through a recovery pipeline; the high-pressure pipeline and the low-pressure pipeline are respectively provided with a water pump, a control valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge, and the recovery pipeline is provided with a water pump, a control valve and a filter;
the nozzle regulation and control system comprises a supporting base, a nozzle supporting frame and a nozzle clamping mechanism, wherein the nozzle clamping mechanism is used for clamping and fixing a water jet nozzle structure, the supporting base is arranged at the bottom in the recovery water tank, the nozzle supporting frame is provided with 2 groups, the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames are vertically arranged above the supporting base, the nozzle clamping mechanism is arranged between the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames, the left side and the right side of the nozzle clamping mechanism are respectively connected with the inner side surfaces of the 2 groups of nozzle supporting frames in a sliding mode, and the rear side surface of the nozzle clamping mechanism is further connected with a driving mechanism.
10. The application of the non-submerged cavitation water jet peening device in the water jet peening according to claim 9, characterized in that a workpiece to be processed is placed under the water jet nozzle structure, and shot peening treatment is performed on the surface of the workpiece to be processed by adjusting the low-pressure pipeline water flow pressure, the high-pressure pipeline water flow pressure and the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be processed; the distance between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be processed is
Wherein, P0For low pressure line water flow pressure, PiIs the high pressure line water flow pressure and d is the gasket inside diameter.
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