CN114434343B - Non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, strengthening device and application - Google Patents
Non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, strengthening device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114434343B CN114434343B CN202210101178.XA CN202210101178A CN114434343B CN 114434343 B CN114434343 B CN 114434343B CN 202210101178 A CN202210101178 A CN 202210101178A CN 114434343 B CN114434343 B CN 114434343B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure and a strengthening device, which comprise a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe nozzle and a high-pressure inner nozzle, a cavitation device, a gasket and a high-pressure nozzle plate are arranged between the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle and the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle from top to bottom, the low-pressure outer nozzle structure comprises a low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate arranged outside the high-pressure pipe nozzle and a low-pressure outer nozzle fixedly connected with the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate, the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle is provided with a low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle and the low-pressure outer nozzle can be under the high-pressure inner nozzle to form cavitation effect equivalent to that under submerged environment, so that cavitation impact pressure is enhanced, and the device is suitable for cavitation impact of large welding parts under non-submerged environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water jet shot peening, in particular to a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, a strengthening device and application.
Background
Energy is an important material basis for economic and social development and is also the most main source of carbon emission. In the 21 st century, people face the challenges of unprecedented resource and living environment, the manufacturing technology is revolutionarily changed, new technological revolution and industry transformation are deeply developed, china is shifted to a high-quality development stage, the construction of the manufacturing country and the quality country is required to be accelerated, the optimization and the upgrading of the manufacturing industry are promoted, and the cost and burden reduction actions of the manufacturing industry are implemented.
At present, the service life is short, the reliability is poor, the problem of universality of high-end equipment and parts in China is solved, and fatigue failure is the symptom of the problem and accounts for more than 50% of failure modes of key core components of common machinery in China. In order to improve the fatigue failure resistance, the surface shot blasting strengthening treatment is a powerful measure for effectively delaying the cracking of fatigue cracks of components and prolonging the fatigue life, for example, the traditional shot blasting treatment is widely applied to the manufacture of parts such as high-end gears, bearings and the like, but the method has the defects of large noise, poor economy, increased surface roughness and the like; ultrasonic impact, laser impact, etc. can also improve fatigue life, but are difficult to apply to surface treatment of large-sized members, and have low efficiency and poor economy.
The water jet shot blasting is an emerging surface treatment technology, and overcomes the defects of high cost, complex equipment, increased workpiece surface roughness, environmental pollution and the like of the traditional shot blasting technology. Water jet technology has been widely used in the fields of surface cleaning, material cutting, rock breaking, drilling, etc., but has been applied to a lesser extent in the field of surface strengthening. In order to improve the water jet operation effect, two approaches are generally available, the first is to increase the working pressure, namely high-pressure or ultra-high-pressure water jet, but the sealing, the pipeline, the installation and the like are required to be higher, so that the cost is greatly increased; the second is to improve the working efficiency by improving the water jet form and the impact force of the water jet, such as pulse jet, cavitation jet, abrasive jet and the like. The cavitation jet flow is based on cavitation theory, and the high pressure shock wave generated during cavitation collapse is utilized to enhance the operation effect of the jet flow, and under the condition of the same pumping pressure and flow velocity, the impact pressure of the cavitation jet flow is more than 8 times of the impact pressure of the continuous jet flow. Cavitation shot blasting can be divided into submerged type cavitation shot blasting and non-submerged type cavitation shot blasting, and the submerged type cavitation shot blasting is mature in theory and applied to strengthening treatment of small parts, but the submerged type cavitation shot blasting is required to submerge a member to be treated in water, cannot meet the treatment requirements of large-scale welding structural members, such as large-scale pressure-bearing equipment manufactured by welding, and needs to be treated by adopting non-submerged cavitation jet flow. However, most of the non-submerged cavitation nozzles at present use external excitation (ultrasonic waves, electrohydraulic pulses and the like) or improve the structures (an organ pipe, an oscillating cavity and a central body) of the nozzles to form cavitation effects, the external excitation is used for realizing complex structure, high energy consumption and high device cost, the cavitation effects of the organ pipe, the oscillating cavity, the central body and the like are poor, the strengthening effect is difficult to be equal to the cavitation effect under submerged environment, and the nozzles are seriously damaged and have low service life. Therefore, there is a need to develop a highly reliable, long-life non-submerged cavitation nozzle structure and strengthening device with cavitation effect equivalent to submerged cavitation jet to enable efficient shot peening of large welded components in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure and a strengthening device, which can form cavitation effect equivalent to that in a submerged environment, and are suitable for cavitation jet impact of large welding parts in the non-submerged environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is arranged inside the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, a low-pressure water flow cavity is formed between the high-pressure inner nozzle structure and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is connected with a low-pressure pipeline;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe spray head and a high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure inner nozzle is positioned below the high-pressure pipe spray head, the high-pressure pipe spray head is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure pipe spray head comprises a high-pressure vertical section spray pipe and a high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet from top to bottom, the high-pressure inner nozzle comprises a conical diameter-expanding section and a semicircular diameter-expanding section from top to bottom, and a cavitation device, a gasket and a high-pressure nozzle plate are arranged between the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head and the conical diameter-expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle from top to bottom;
the low-pressure outer nozzle structure comprises a low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate arranged outside the high-pressure tube spray head and a low-pressure outer nozzle fixedly connected with the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate, a plurality of low-pressure pipeline connectors uniformly distributed around the circumference of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate are arranged on the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate, the low-pressure pipeline connectors are connected with low-pressure pipelines, a low-pressure outer nozzle outlet is arranged at the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet.
In the technical scheme, the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, the low-pressure outer nozzle wraps the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet inside the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle meets the low-pressure water jet ejected from the low-pressure outer nozzle, so that cavitation effect equivalent to that under a submerged environment can be formed, and the water jet peening impact pressure is enhanced.
Further, the inner diameter of the cavitation device is smaller than that of the gasket, and the inner diameter of the high-pressure inner nozzle plate is the same as that of the cavitation device.
In the technical scheme, the high-pressure water jet sprayed from the high-pressure pipe spray head firstly passes through the cavitation device, the local pressure rises after passing through the cavitation device, a large amount of cavitation bubbles are formed in the cavitation device, and the formed cavitation bubbles are very small at the moment; then the high-pressure water jet flows through the gasket, the flow passage in the gasket is increased, and oscillation cavitation is generated to enhance the cavitation effect; then the high-pressure water jet flows out through a high-pressure nozzle plate, the inner diameter of the high-pressure nozzle plate is the same as that of the cavitation device, and is smaller than that of the gasket, so that the pressure of the high-pressure water jet can be increased in the high-pressure nozzle plate, and the jet pressure of the high-pressure water jet is ensured; then the high-pressure water jet flows to a conical expanding section and a semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and attached cavitation is generated on the inner wall of the expanding section, so that the growth of cavitation bubbles is facilitated, and the cavitation effect is further enhanced; finally, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle meets the low-pressure water jet ejected from the low-pressure inner nozzle, so that vortex shearing cavitation can be generated, more cavitation bubbles can be generated, the growth of the cavitation bubbles can be promoted, and the cavitation effect can be maximized.
Further, the inner diameter of the cavitation device is 2-3 mm, and the inner diameter of the gasket is 3-4 mm.
In the technical scheme, the inner diameters of the cavitation device and the gasket are controlled, so that the high-pressure inner nozzle structure can have good cavitation effect and impact area at the same time, if the diameter is too small, the damage can be generated on the surface due to concentrated jet pressure, and if the diameter is too large, the good cavitation effect cannot be formed. In addition, the height of the gasket is 3 times of the inner diameter of the cavitation device, and the high-pressure inner nozzle has good flow field distribution after flow field simulation analysis.
Further, the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 2-2.5 mm.
In the technical scheme, a large amount of cavitation bubbles are formed in the high-pressure water jet sprayed by the high-pressure inner nozzle, a certain growth time is needed for the growth of the cavitation bubbles, namely a large enough low-pressure area is reserved in the low-pressure water flow cavity of the low-pressure outer nozzle, the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is controlled to be 2-2.5 mm through numerical simulation research, the optimal converging cavitation effect can be formed after the high-pressure water jet meets with the low-pressure water jet, the air bubbles grow up, new air bubbles are generated simultaneously, and when H is 2mm, the cavitation effect is optimal.
Further, the low-pressure outer nozzle and the high-pressure inner nozzle are both conical, the inclination angle alpha of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle is smaller than the inclination angle beta of the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle, the alpha is smaller than the inclination angle beta by 5-10 degrees, and the alpha is 70-75 degrees.
In the technical scheme, by controlling the inclination angles of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle, the low-pressure water jet can flow in the direction of the expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and the optimal converging cavitation effect is formed after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet.
Further, the angle of the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head is the same as the angle gamma of the conical diameter-expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner spray nozzle, and the gamma is 30-40 degrees.
In the technical scheme, through numerical simulation analysis, when the angle of the high-pressure conical diameter reduction outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head is the same as the angle gamma of the conical diameter expansion section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure water jet can be ensured to form optimal cavitation bubble gas phase distribution at the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle.
Further, the inner diameter of the low pressure pipeline is required to meet
Wherein D is 0 Is the inner diameter of the low-pressure pipeline, D 1 Is the diameter of the end part of the high-pressure inner nozzle, D 2 Is the diameter of the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and n is the number of low-pressure pipelines.
Through the technical scheme, the low-pressure water jet flow requirement of the low-pressure outer nozzle can be ensured. And n is preferably 4 or 6, so that the requirement of uniformity of the flow field in the low-pressure outer nozzle can be met.
Further, the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe nozzle is 3 times that of the cavitation device, namely 6-9 mm, and the diameter of the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle is the same as that of the high-pressure pipe nozzle.
In the technical scheme, the flow of the high-pressure inner nozzle can meet the requirement by controlling the inner diameter of the high-pressure pipe nozzle, and in addition, the pressure of the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle can be basically equal to the inlet pressure of the high-pressure pipe nozzle by controlling the inner diameter of the high-pressure nozzle plate and the diameter of the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle.
Further, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure pipe nozzle flows through the cavitation device, the gasket, the high-pressure nozzle plate, the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle in sequence, and after being ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure water jet meets with a cavity of the low-pressure water jet between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle and is ejected from the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle;
the cavitation device is used for cavitation of bubble nuclei to generate a large amount of air bubbles;
oscillating cavitation is generated in the gasket and is used for cavitation nucleation and growth;
the inner walls of the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle generate attached cavitation for cavitation bubble growth;
the cavity between the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet and the low-pressure outer nozzle end is used for forming vortex shear type cavitation after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth, so that the cavitation effect is maximized.
The invention also provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device which comprises the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, a water supply tank, a recovery tank and a nozzle regulation and control system;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a high-pressure pipeline, the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a low-pressure pipeline, and the recovery water tank is connected with the water supply tank through a recovery pipeline; the high-pressure pipeline and the low-pressure pipeline are respectively provided with a water pump, a control valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge, and the recovery pipeline is provided with a water pump, a control valve and a filter;
the nozzle regulation and control system comprises a support base, nozzle support frames and nozzle clamping mechanisms, wherein the nozzle clamping mechanisms are used for clamping and fixing a water jet nozzle structure, the support base is arranged at the inner bottom of a recovery water tank, the nozzle support frames are provided with 2 groups, the 2 groups of nozzle support frames are vertically arranged above the support base, the nozzle clamping mechanisms are arranged between the 2 groups of nozzle support frames, the left side and the right side of the nozzle clamping mechanisms are respectively in sliding connection with the inner side faces of the 2 groups of nozzle support frames, and the rear side faces of the nozzle clamping mechanisms are also connected with driving mechanisms.
The invention also provides an application of the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device in water jet shot peening, which comprises the following application processes: placing a workpiece to be treated below the water jet nozzle structure, and adjusting the water flow pressure of the low-pressure pipeline, the water flow pressure of the high-pressure pipeline and the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be treated, so as to carry out shot peening strengthening treatment on the surface of the workpiece to be treated; the distance between the outlet of the low-pressure external nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is
Wherein P is 0 Is the water flow pressure of the low-pressure pipeline, P i Is the water flow pressure of the high-pressure pipeline, and d is the inner diameter of the gasket.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The water jet nozzle structure provided by the invention can form cavitation effect equivalent to that in a submerged environment, and is suitable for cavitation jet impact of a large welding piece in a non-submerged environment;
(2) The water jet nozzle structure provided by the invention realizes the gradual enhancement of cavitation effect and improves cavitation jet impact pressure through the cavitation device, the gasket and the expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle;
(3) The non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device provided by the invention is convenient for adjusting the distance between the nozzle structure and the surface of the workpiece to be treated through the nozzle support frame and the nozzle clamping mechanism, so as to obtain the optimal cavitation effect under different pressures;
(4) The cavitation water jet strengthening device provided by the invention is also provided with the recovery water tank and the recovery pipeline, and the recovery pipeline is provided with the filter, so that water can be recycled, and environmental pollution is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the high-pressure inner nozzle of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a non-submerged cavitation water jet reinforcement device of embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic overall structure of a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure of comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure of comparative example 2.
The drawing is marked: 1. a high pressure line; 2. a sealing gasket; 3. a low pressure line connection port; 4. a low pressure outer nozzle tube sheet; 5. a low pressure outer nozzle; 6. a high pressure pipe nozzle; 7. a high pressure inner nozzle; 71. a conical expanding section; 72. a semicircular expanding section; 8. a cavitation device; 9. a gasket; a high pressure nozzle plate; 11. a control valve; 12. a filter; 13. a common water pump; 14. a plunger pump; 15. a pulsation damper; 16. a flow meter; 17. a pressure gauge; 18. a low pressure branch line; 19. a nozzle clamping mechanism; 20. a nozzle support; 21. a recovery water tank; 22. a support base; 23. the cylinder body supports the idler wheel; 24. a water supply tank; 25. a low pressure line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, which includes a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is arranged inside the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, a low-pressure water flow cavity is formed between the high-pressure inner nozzle structure and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is connected with one end of a high-pressure pipeline 1, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is connected with one end of a low-pressure pipeline 25.
Specifically, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 and a high-pressure inner nozzle 7, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 is positioned below the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6, the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 is connected with a high-pressure pipeline 1, the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 comprises a high-pressure vertical section spray pipe and a high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet from top to bottom, the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 comprises a conical diameter-expanding section 71 and a semicircular diameter-expanding section 72 from top to bottom, and a cavitation device 8, a gasket 9 and a high-pressure nozzle plate 10 are arranged between the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 and the conical diameter-expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 from top to bottom;
the low-pressure outer nozzle structure comprises a low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 arranged outside a high-pressure pipe spray head 6 and a low-pressure outer nozzle 5 fixedly connected with the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4, wherein the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 and the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 are fixed in a welding mode, a plurality of low-pressure pipeline connectors 3 uniformly distributed around the circumference of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 are arranged on the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4, the low-pressure pipeline connectors 3 are connected with a low-pressure pipeline 25, and a plurality of low-pressure branch pipelines 18 are arranged at one end of the low-pressure pipeline 25 so as to facilitate the connection of the plurality of low-pressure pipeline connectors 3 with the low-pressure pipeline 25; in addition, the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is provided with a low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, and the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet, namely the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 wraps the high-pressure inner nozzle 7;
in addition, the outside of the high-pressure pipe spray head 6 and the end parts at the two ends are respectively provided with external threads, the upper part of the high-pressure pipe spray head 6 is in threaded connection with the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4, the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head 6 is in threaded connection with the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and sealing gaskets 2 are respectively arranged at the joint of the high-pressure pipe spray head 6 and the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate 4 and the joint of the high-pressure pipe spray head 6 and the high-pressure outer nozzle, so that the tightness of a nozzle structure is ensured.
In the high-pressure inner nozzle structure, the inner diameter d of the cavitation device 8 1 Smaller than the inner diameter d of the gasket 9 2 The inner diameter of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 plate is the same as the inner diameter of the cavitation device 8, and the height of the gasket 9 is 3 times of the inner diameter of the cavitation device 8. Specifically, the inner diameter of the cavitation device 8 is 2-3 mm, the height of the cavitation device 8 is consistent with the height of the gasket 9, the inner diameter of the gasket 9 is 3-4 mm, and the height of the gasket 9 is 6-9 mm.
The distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is 2-2.5 mm, and a low-pressure area is reserved in the low-pressure water flow cavity, so that the high-pressure water jet and the low-pressure water jet meet to form the best converging cavitation effect.
The low-pressure outer nozzle 5 and the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 are both conical, the inclination angle alpha of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is smaller than the inclination angle beta of the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, the alpha is smaller than the inclination angle beta by 5-10 degrees, the alpha is 70-75 degrees, the inclination angles of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 and the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 are controlled, the low-pressure water jet can flow in the direction of the expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and the optimal converging cavitation effect is formed after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet.
The angle of the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 is the same as the angle gamma of the conical diameter-expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, and the gamma is 30-40 degrees. When the angle of the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head 6 is the same as the angle gamma of the conical diameter-expanding section 71 at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, the high-pressure water jet can be ensured to form optimal cavitation bubble gas phase distribution at the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet.
Height h of the high-pressure tapered diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 1 Height h of conical expansion section 71 at upper part of high-pressure inner nozzle 7 2 The same is taken to be h 1 ＝h 2 ＝1.5d 1 。
Inside diameter D of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 3 For the inner diameter d of the cavitation device 8 1 3 times, i.e. 6-9 mm, the diameter D of the semicircular expanded section 72 of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 4 With the inner diameter D of the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 3 The same applies.
In addition, the inside diameter of the low-pressure line connection port 3 needs to satisfy
Wherein D is 0 Is the inner diameter of the low-pressure pipeline connecting port 3, D 1 For the diameter of the end of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, D 2 For the low pressure outer nozzle outlet diameter, n is the number of low pressure sub-lines 18. The low pressure water jet flow requirement of the low pressure outer nozzle 5 can be ensured. And n is preferably 4 or 6, so that the requirement of uniformity of the flow field in the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 can be met.
Diameter D of the end of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 1 Suggesting to take 3D 3 Therefore, the strength requirement of the nozzle structure can be met while the material is saved; the outlet diameter D of the low-pressure outer nozzle 2 Suggesting to take 6D 3 Even if the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle is between 36 and 54mm, the welding line and the heat affected zone range of a general welding joint can be covered.
In the above-mentioned non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure pipe nozzle 6 flows through the cavitation device 8, the gasket 9, the high-pressure nozzle plate 10 and the conical expanding section 71 and the semicircular expanding section 72 of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 in sequence, and after being ejected from the high-pressure inner nozzle 7, the high-pressure water jet meets with the low-pressure water jet in the cavity between the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 and is ejected from the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet; wherein:
the cavitation device 8 is used for cavitation of bubble nuclei, and the cavitation device 8 can be specifically a porous plate cavitation device 8, namely a plurality of cavitation plates with a plurality of through holes are vertically arranged in a cylindrical cavitation tube, and the cavitation device with other structures can be adopted for increasing cavitation of bubble nuclei;
the gasket 9 generates oscillation cavitation for cavitation nucleation and growth, so that cavitation effect is further enhanced;
the inner walls of the conical expanding section 71 and the semicircular expanding section 72 of the high-pressure inner nozzle 7 generate attached cavitation for cavitation bubble growth, so that the cavitation effect is further enhanced;
the cavity between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle 5 is used for forming vortex shear type cavitation after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth, so that the cavitation effect is maximized.
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment also provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device for performing high-efficiency shot blasting on a welding member, which includes the above-mentioned non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure, a water supply tank 24, a recovery tank 21, and a nozzle regulation and control system.
Specifically, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank 24 through a high-pressure pipeline 1, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank 24 through a low-pressure pipeline 25; and be provided with water pump, control valve 11, flowmeter 16, manometer 17 and filter 12 on high-pressure pipeline 1 and the low pressure pipeline 25, wherein, the water pump on the high pressure pipeline 1 is plunger pump 14 for form high-pressure high-speed water jet, the water pump on the low pressure pipeline 25 is ordinary water pump 13 for in extracting the water in the water tank 24 of supplying water to the low pressure outer nozzle structure, form low pressure low-speed water jet, in addition, still be provided with pulsation damper 15 on the high pressure pipeline 1, pulsation damper 15 sets up the rear end at plunger pump 14, in order to guarantee to form stable high-pressure water jet.
The recovery water tank 21 and the water supply water tank 24 are connected through a recovery pipeline, the recovery pipeline is provided with a water pump, a control valve 11 and a filter 12, the water pump also adopts a common water pump 13, and water in the recovery water tank 21 can be purified and pumped into the water supply water tank 24 by arranging the recovery water tank 21 and the recovery pipeline, so that a water circulation system is formed.
The above-mentioned nozzle regulation and control system includes supporting base 22, nozzle support frame 20 and nozzle fixture 19, nozzle fixture 19 is used for the fixed water jet flow nozzle structure of centre gripping, nozzle support frame 20 is scalable support frame for adjust the installation height of water jet flow nozzle structure, supporting base 22 sets up in retrieving water tank 21 bottom, nozzle support frame 20 sets up 2 groups, and 2 groups nozzle support frame 20 set up perpendicularly in supporting base 22 top, nozzle fixture 19 sets up between 2 groups nozzle support frame 20, and the left and right sides of nozzle fixture 19 respectively with the medial surface sliding connection of 2 groups nozzle support frame 20, specifically can adopt spout slide rail mode, the trailing flank of nozzle fixture 19 still connects actuating mechanism, and actuating mechanism can adopt electric putter, drives nozzle fixture 19 along fore-and-aft direction removal. When the workpiece to be treated is in a flat plate structure, the workpiece to be treated can be placed above the supporting seat, the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is regulated, the workpiece to be treated is kept still, the moving speed of the nozzle clamping mechanism 19 is set, and the nozzle is driven to move by the movement of the nozzle clamping mechanism 19, so that cavitation water jet strengthening treatment of the whole flat weld joint is realized; when the workpiece to be treated is in a girth weld cylinder structure, a cylinder supporting roller 23 and a corresponding roller driving mechanism can be arranged above the supporting seat, the cylinder is placed above the cylinder supporting roller 23, after the distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is adjusted, the nozzle is kept still, the cylinder supporting roller 23 is started, the rolling speed is adjusted, and the girth weld cylinder is driven to rotate through the cylinder supporting roller 23, so that cavitation water jet strengthening treatment of the whole girth weld is realized.
The distance between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be treated is the distance S between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated, and S is preferably
Wherein P is 0 Is the water flow pressure of the low-pressure pipeline, P i Is the water flow pressure of the high-pressure pipeline, d 2 Is the inner diameter of the gasket, P 0 Taking 0.03-0.07 MPa, P i The best cavitation effect can be achieved by taking 30-40 MPa.
In addition, in order to ensure the best cavitation water jet strengthening effect, the moving speed of the nozzle or the moving speed of the workpiece to be treated needs to be controlled, and the moving speed is controlled to be 25-35 s/mm, preferably 30s/mm.
By adopting the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, the 2205 duplex stainless steel girth weld cylinder sample is subjected to water jet strengthening treatment for eliminating the welding residual stress.
Wherein, each parameter of the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device is as follows:
cavitation device inner diameter d 1 2mm, inside diameter d of washer 2 The height of the gasket is 3mm, the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 2mm, the inclination angle alpha of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 70 degrees, the inclination angle beta of the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle is 76 degrees, the angle of the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe nozzle and the angle gamma of the conical diameter-expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle are 35 degrees, and the diameter D of the end part of the high-pressure inner nozzle 1 18mm, diameter D of low pressure outer nozzle outlet 2 Inner diameter D of high-pressure pipe nozzle of 36mm 3 Diameter D of semicircular expanded section of high-pressure inner nozzle of 6mm 4 The number of low-pressure branch lines n is 4, which is 6 mm.
The 2205 duplex stainless steel girth weld cylinder body sample comprises the following parameters:
the diameter of the cylinder is 1080mm, the wall thickness is 22mm, the length is 1700mm, submerged arc welding is adopted, the number of welding lines is 8, the welding voltage is 16V, the welding current is 120A, the welding speed is 2mm/s, and the welding line width is 12mm.
Taking 2 samples of 2205 duplex stainless steel girth weld cylinders, testing residual stress of a weld zone, a heat affected zone and a base metal zone of one girth weld cylinder by adopting an indentation method, testing 3 points of the weld zone, testing 3 points of each of the surrounding areas of two sides of the weld, and measuring the distance between each test point as shown in the following table 1; then another girth weld cylinder is put on a cylinder supporting roller of a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, and the water flow pressure P of a high-pressure pipeline is set i 40MPa, low-pressure pipeline water flow pressure P 0 The distance S between the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is 300mm, the rotation speed of the cylinder supporting roller is 30S/mm, and the circumferential weld is formedThe cylinder body is subjected to cavitation water jet impact treatment once. And then adopting an indentation method to test residual stress of a weld zone, a heat affected zone and a base metal zone of the girth weld barrel body after cavitation jet treatment, wherein the test positions are the same as those of the positions which are not subjected to cavitation jet treatment. The longitudinal and transverse residual stress test data of the circumferential weld cylinder before and after cavitation jet impact are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, after the circumferential weld cylinder is treated by the cavitation water jet strengthening device, both transverse residual stress and longitudinal residual stress are obviously reduced, and residual compressive stress is generated in the weld and surrounding areas, so that the device has a good effect of eliminating the welding residual stress.
TABLE 1
In addition, fatigue test samples were cut on the girth weld cylinder before and after cavitation water jet impact, stress control fatigue test was performed under the same load, stress ratio r=0, and fatigue life under different stress amplitudes before and after cavitation water jet impact were obtained as shown in table 2, respectively. As is apparent from Table 2, the fatigue life of the welded joint is improved after the cavitation water jet impact, and particularly, the fatigue life is improved by more than 3 times as the load is reduced to the maximum extent.
TABLE 2
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet reinforcement device, which is different from example 1 in that a cavitation device is not provided in this comparative example, and the other structures are the same.
The same girth weld cylinder sample as in example 1 was taken, and cavitation water jet impact treatment was performed on the girth weld cylinder sample once according to the same water jet strengthening parameters using the non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device of comparative example 1. Then, the residual stress of the weld zone, the heat affected zone and the base metal zone of the girth weld barrel after cavitation jet treatment by adopting an indentation method is the same as that of the girth weld barrel in the embodiment 1, longitudinal and transverse residual stress test data of the girth weld barrel before and after cavitation jet impact are respectively shown in the table 3, and as can be seen from the table 3, after the girth weld barrel is treated by the cavitation water jet strengthening device of the embodiment, the transverse residual stress and the longitudinal residual stress are obviously reduced, and residual compressive stress is generated in the weld and the area close to the weld, so that the girth weld residual stress has a good elimination effect; however, the reinforcing effect was relatively inferior to that of example 1.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example 2 provides a non-submerged cavitation water jet reinforcement device, which is different from the comparative example 1 in that in the present comparative example, the tapered expanded diameter section and the semicircular expanded diameter section of the high-pressure inner nozzle are designed as non-expanded diameter sections, that is, the inner diameter of the high-pressure inner nozzle is the same as the inner diameter of the high-pressure nozzle plate, and other structures are the same.
The same girth weld cylinder sample as in example 1 was taken, and the girth weld cylinder sample was subjected to cavitation water jet impact treatment once according to the same water jet strengthening parameters using the cavitation water jet strengthening apparatus of comparative example 2. And then the residual stress of the weld zone, the heat affected zone and the base material zone of the girth weld barrel subjected to cavitation jet treatment by adopting an indentation method is the same as that of the girth weld barrel subjected to cavitation jet treatment in the embodiment 1, and the longitudinal and transverse residual stress test data of the girth weld barrel before and after cavitation jet impact are respectively shown in the table 4, so that the girth weld barrel has poor reinforcement effect and a narrow reinforcement area and only has an effect on the weld and the area with a relatively short weld distance compared with the embodiment 1 and the comparative example. In addition, 3 circumferential weld cylinder samples are taken, the distances (200 mm, 250mm and 350 mm) between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be treated are adjusted, the circumferential weld cylinder samples after impact at different distances are subjected to indentation method detection, residual compressive stress cannot occur, and even if the distances between the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be treated are adjusted, the strengthening effect of the embodiment 1 cannot be achieved.
TABLE 4 Table 4
The above-mentioned parts are realized by reference to the prior art.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure is characterized by comprising a high-pressure inner nozzle structure and a low-pressure outer nozzle structure which are coaxially arranged, wherein the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is arranged inside the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, a low-pressure water flow cavity is formed between the high-pressure inner nozzle structure and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure, the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, and the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is connected with the low-pressure pipeline;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure comprises a high-pressure pipe spray head and a high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure inner nozzle is positioned below the high-pressure pipe spray head, the high-pressure pipe spray head is connected with a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure pipe spray head comprises a high-pressure vertical section spray pipe and a high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet from top to bottom, the high-pressure inner nozzle comprises a conical diameter-expanding section and a semicircular diameter-expanding section from top to bottom, and a cavitation device, a gasket and a high-pressure nozzle plate are arranged between the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head and the conical diameter-expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner nozzle from top to bottom;
the low-pressure outer nozzle structure comprises a low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate arranged outside the high-pressure tube spray head and a low-pressure outer nozzle fixedly connected with the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate, a plurality of low-pressure pipeline connectors uniformly distributed around the circumference of the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate are arranged on the low-pressure outer nozzle tube plate, the low-pressure pipeline connectors are connected with low-pressure pipelines, a low-pressure outer nozzle outlet is arranged at the bottom of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and a high-pressure inner nozzle outlet is positioned above the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet;
the inner diameter of the cavitation device is smaller than that of the gasket, and the inner diameter of the high-pressure nozzle plate is the same as that of the cavitation device;
the inner diameter of the cavitation device is 2-3 mm, the inner diameter of the gasket is 3-4 mm, and the height of the gasket is 3 times of the inner diameter of the cavitation device;
the distance H between the outlet of the high-pressure inner nozzle and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle is 2-2.5 mm;
the low-pressure outer nozzle and the high-pressure inner nozzle are both conical, the inclination angle alpha of the outer wall of the low-pressure outer nozzle is smaller than the inclination angle beta of the outer wall of the high-pressure inner nozzle, the angle alpha is 5-10 degrees smaller than the angle beta, and the angle alpha is 70-75 degrees;
the angle of the high-pressure conical diameter-reducing outlet at the lower part of the high-pressure pipe spray head is the same as the angle gamma of the conical diameter-expanding section at the upper part of the high-pressure inner spray nozzle, and the gamma is 30-40 degrees;
the high-pressure water jet sprayed out of the high-pressure pipe spray head sequentially flows through the cavitation device, the gasket, the high-pressure nozzle plate, the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle, and after being sprayed out of the high-pressure inner nozzle, the high-pressure water jet meets a cavity between the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet and the end part of the low-pressure outer nozzle and is sprayed out of the low-pressure outer nozzle outlet;
the cavitation device is used for cavitation of bubble nuclei;
oscillating cavitation is generated in the gasket and is used for cavitation nucleation and growth;
the inner walls of the conical expanding section and the semicircular expanding section of the high-pressure inner nozzle generate attached cavitation for cavitation bubble growth;
the cavity between the high-pressure inner nozzle outlet and the low-pressure outer nozzle end is used for forming vortex shear type cavitation after the high-pressure water jet meets the low-pressure water jet and is used for cavitation bubble nucleation and growth.
2. A non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein said low pressure line has an inner diameter that is selected to meet
Wherein D is 0 Is the inner diameter of the low-pressure pipeline, D 1 Is the diameter of the end part of the high-pressure inner nozzle, D 2 Is the diameter of the outlet of the low-pressure outer nozzle, and n is the number of low-pressure pipelines.
3. A non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device, comprising a non-submerged cavitation water jet nozzle structure according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it further comprises a water supply tank, a recovery tank and a nozzle regulation and control system;
the high-pressure inner nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a high-pressure pipeline, the low-pressure outer nozzle structure is communicated with the water supply tank through a low-pressure pipeline, and the recovery water tank is connected with the water supply tank through a recovery pipeline; the high-pressure pipeline and the low-pressure pipeline are respectively provided with a water pump, a control valve, a flowmeter and a pressure gauge, and the recovery pipeline is provided with a water pump, a control valve and a filter;
the nozzle regulation and control system comprises a support base, nozzle support frames and nozzle clamping mechanisms, wherein the nozzle clamping mechanisms are used for clamping and fixing a water jet nozzle structure, the support base is arranged at the inner bottom of a recovery water tank, the nozzle support frames are provided with 2 groups, the 2 groups of nozzle support frames are vertically arranged above the support base, the nozzle clamping mechanisms are arranged between the 2 groups of nozzle support frames, the left side and the right side of the nozzle clamping mechanisms are respectively in sliding connection with the inner side faces of the 2 groups of nozzle support frames, and the rear side faces of the nozzle clamping mechanisms are also connected with driving mechanisms.
4. Use of a non-submerged cavitation water jet strengthening device according to claim 3 for water jet peening, wherein the workpiece to be treated is placed under a water jet nozzle structure, and the low pressure line water flow pressure, the high pressure line water flow pressure and the water jet nozzle structure and the workpiece to be treated are adjustedTreating the distance between the workpieces, and performing shot peening strengthening treatment on the surface of the workpiece to be treated; the distance between the outlet of the low-pressure external nozzle and the surface of the workpiece to be treated is
Wherein P is 0 Is the water flow pressure of the low-pressure pipeline, P i Is the water flow pressure of the high-pressure pipeline, and d is the inner diameter of the gasket.
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