CN110055390B - Pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device and method - Google Patents
Pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110055390B CN110055390B CN201910347539.7A CN201910347539A CN110055390B CN 110055390 B CN110055390 B CN 110055390B CN 201910347539 A CN201910347539 A CN 201910347539A CN 110055390 B CN110055390 B CN 110055390B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device and a method, a horizontal transmission shaft is arranged above a water tank, two ends of the transmission shaft are respectively eccentrically connected with the wheel surface of the edge of a transmission wheel, a cylindrical slide block is sleeved on the transmission shaft in a clearance way, the cylindrical slide block is hinged with the upper end of a second piston rod, the lower end of the second piston rod extends into a second pneumatic cylinder and is fixedly connected with a second piston, the transmission shaft is hinged with the upper end of a first piston rod, the lower end of the first piston rod extends into the first pneumatic cylinder and is fixedly connected with the first piston, the lower end of the second pneumatic cylinder is fixedly connected with a nut, the nut is matched with a ball screw, the side walls of the two pneumatic cylinders are respectively provided with an air hole channel communicated with the inside, each air hole channel is respectively fixed with a clamp, a workpiece is arranged between the two clamps, a film, the shock wave and the micro jet generated by cavitation collapse are utilized to strengthen the inner surface of the hole, so that the anti-fatigue and wear-resisting properties of the inner wall of the hole are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of metal materials, in particular to a device for strengthening the surface of an inner hole of a workpiece by utilizing a cavitation technology, which is particularly suitable for strengthening the inner surfaces of parts such as small-sized micro holes, elongated holes, bent holes and the like.
Background
Parts are required to have wear resistance and high fatigue resistance in the fields of aerospace, automobiles or national defense and military industry, and the fatigue resistance and wear resistance of the material can be effectively improved by introducing residual compressive stress on the surface of metal. The conventional strengthening methods mainly comprise shot impact strengthening, laser impact strengthening, ultrasonic shot blasting, deep rolling, rolling and the like, and residual compressive stress can be introduced into the surfaces of parts with common shapes, but the methods cannot be applied to strengthening the inner surfaces of parts such as micro holes, elongated holes, bent holes and the like. However, when the elongated hole or the tiny hole has small volume and weak strength, after long-term extrusion and friction, the parts are more prone to damage such as abrasion, plastic deformation, fatigue fracture and the like, and even the parts are directly twisted off in serious cases, the strengthening of the inner surface of the hole is particularly important, but the nozzle is difficult to directly enter the small hole due to the fact that the hole opening is too thin or too long, and therefore the residual compressive stress is difficult to uniformly introduce into the inner surface of the hole by a common method. CN107488779A provides a reflection type ultrasonic shot peening apparatus for inner hole surface, which uses the ultrasonic vibration head to guide the shot in the hole to perform vibration to strengthen the inner hole surface, but the method is only limited to the parts with larger hole diameter.
Cavitation is a special phenomenon of fluid dynamics, is a long-standing problem in the field of hydraulic machinery, and previous researches have focused on avoiding damage caused by cavitation. Compared with the traditional strengthening technology, the technology for strengthening by utilizing cavitation has the advantages of small surface roughness, high efficiency, cleanness, energy conservation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to utilize cavitation in strengthening of micro holes, elongated holes and bent holes, and provides a pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device and a strengthening method thereof.
The invention relates to a pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device, which adopts the technical scheme that: the bottom of the water tank is filled with water, a horizontal transmission shaft is arranged above the water tank, two ends of the transmission shaft are respectively eccentrically connected with a first transmission wheel with a horizontally arranged central shaft, the edge wheel surface of a second transmission wheel is provided, the central shaft of the first transmission wheel is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a first motor with the same axle center, the second transmission wheel is connected with a fixed support through a bearing, a cylindrical sliding block is coaxially sleeved on the transmission shaft and is in clearance fit with the transmission shaft, a second piston rod and a second pneumatic cylinder which are vertically arranged are arranged right below the cylindrical sliding block, the cylindrical sliding block is hinged with the upper end of the second piston rod, the lower end of the second piston rod extends into the second pneumatic cylinder and is fixedly connected with a second piston, the transmission shaft is hinged with the upper end of the first piston rod, and the lower end of the first piston; the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are identical in structure and symmetrically arranged face to face, the lower sections of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder extend downwards into the water tank, the lower end of the first pneumatic cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom of the water tank through a base, the lower end of the second pneumatic cylinder is fixedly connected with a horizontal nut, the nut is matched with a horizontal ball screw, one end of the ball screw is connected with a ball screw support fixedly connected to the bottom of the water tank through a bearing, and the other end of the ball screw extends out of the water tank and is connected with a second motor; the side walls of the first pneumatic cylinder and the second pneumatic cylinder are respectively provided with an air hole channel communicated with the inside, the two air hole channels are symmetrically arranged in a face-to-face mode, each air hole channel is fixedly provided with a clamp, a workpiece with a workpiece inner hole is arranged between the two clamps, two ends of the workpiece are respectively connected with the corresponding clamps in a sealing mode through a thin film, and the inner hole of the workpiece is separated from the air hole channels through the thin films.
The invention relates to a strengthening method of a pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device, which adopts the technical scheme that: firstly, putting a workpiece into a water tank, filling water into an inner hole of the workpiece, clamping one end of the workpiece by using a clamp connected with a first pneumatic cylinder, then starting a second motor to drive the second pneumatic cylinder to move towards the opposite direction of the first pneumatic cylinder, and clamping the other end of the workpiece by using the clamp connected with the second pneumatic cylinder; and finally, starting the first motor, driving the transmission shaft to rotate by the first transmission wheel, and enabling the first piston and the second piston to move up and down to perform strengthening treatment on the inner surface of the inner hole of the workpiece.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the volume of the sealing liquid in the hole of the workpiece to be strengthened is continuously changed by driving the film, when the sealing liquid is increased, the pressure of the sealing liquid is reduced to be lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid, and cavitation nuclei in the liquid are separated out; when the volume of the sealing liquid is reduced, the pressure of the sealing liquid is increased, so that cavitation nuclei are promoted to grow and generate concentrated collapse, and the inner surface of the hole is strengthened by using shock waves and micro-jet generated by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles. The device can effectively solve the problem that the inner surface of the hole is difficult to strengthen, and can effectively strengthen the inner wall of the hole of the parts, thereby improving the anti-fatigue and wear-resisting properties of the inner wall of the hole of the parts.
2. The invention can ensure the coaxiality of the clamp, the workpiece hole and the film by adopting films with different thicknesses, thereby processing holes with different diameters and realizing the universality of the clamp.
3. Because the high temperature and high pressure can be generated when the cavity group collapses, and uniform residual compressive stress is generated on the inner wall, compared with the traditional method, the reinforced surface of the invention is smoother, and the surface roughness is lower.
4. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, energy conservation, environmental protection, high efficiency and simple and quick use method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure-alternating immersed internal bore surface strengthening device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the assembled structure of the fixture, the workpiece and the film of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1. a first drive pulley; 2. a second transmission wheel; 3. a drive shaft; 4. a cylindrical slider; 5. a first piston rod; 6. a second piston rod; 7. a first pneumatic cylinder; 8. a second pneumatic cylinder; 9. a support; 10. a water tank; 11. a first piston; 12. a second piston; 13. water; 14. a workpiece; 15. a clamp; 16. a film; 17. a stopper; 18. a ball screw bracket; 19. a nut; 20. a ball screw; 21. a base; 22. an inner hole of the workpiece; 23. a first motor; 24. a second motor; 25. an air duct.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device, wherein the bottom of the device is provided with a water tank 10, and water 13 is filled in the water tank 10. A horizontal transmission shaft 3 is arranged above the water tank 10, two ends of the transmission shaft 3 are fixedly connected to the wheel surface of a transmission wheel, the transmission wheel is a first transmission wheel 1 and a second transmission wheel 2, the central shafts of the first transmission wheel 1 and the second transmission wheel 2 are horizontally arranged, the joints of the two ends of the transmission shaft 3 and the first transmission wheel 1 and the second transmission wheel 2 are close to the edges of the transmission wheels, the centers of the two ends of the transmission shaft 3 are not at the same height as the centers of the first transmission wheel 1 and the second transmission wheel 2, and an eccentric distance exists, namely eccentric connection exists.
The central axis of the first transmission wheel 1 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 23, and the first motor 23 can drive the first transmission wheel 1 to rotate. The second driving wheel 2 is connected with a bracket 9 through a bearing, the bracket 9 is positioned outside the water tank 10, and the bracket 9 is fixed.
The transmission shaft 3 is coaxially sleeved with a cylindrical sliding block 4 in a concentric mode, the cylindrical sliding block 4 is matched with the transmission shaft 3 with a gap, and the cylindrical sliding block 4 can axially slide back and forth along the transmission shaft 3. And a second piston rod 6 and a second pneumatic cylinder 8 are arranged right below the cylindrical sliding block 4, and the second piston rod 6 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 are vertically arranged. The cylinder slider 4 is hinged with the upper end of the second piston rod 6, the lower end of the second piston rod 6 extends downwards into the second pneumatic cylinder 8 and is fixedly connected with a second piston 12, and the second piston 12 is connected with the inner hole wall of the second pneumatic cylinder 8 in a sealing mode and can vertically move up and down along the second pneumatic cylinder 8.
The transmission shaft 3 is hinged to the upper end of the first piston rod 5, the lower end of the first piston rod 5 extends downwards into the first air cylinder 7 and is fixedly connected with a first piston 11, and the first piston 11 is connected with the inner hole wall of the first air cylinder 7 in a sealing mode and can vertically move up and down along the first air cylinder 7. The first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the first piston rod 5 are vertically arranged.
The first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the first piston rod 5 are close to the end of the first transmission wheel 1, and the cylindrical slide block 4, the second piston rod 6 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 are close to the end of the second transmission wheel 2. The first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 are identical in structure, but are symmetrically arranged face to face in the axial direction of the drive shaft 3. The first piston rod 5 and the second piston rod 6 are identical in structure.
The lower sections of the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 both extend downward inside the water tank 10. The lower end of the first pneumatic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the water tank 10 through a base 21. The lower end of the second pneumatic cylinder 8 is fixedly connected with a horizontal nut 19, and the nut 19 is not contacted with the bottom of the water tank 10. The nut 19 is coaxially sleeved on a horizontal ball screw 20, and the ball screw 20 is matched with the nut 19. One end of the ball screw 20 is located between the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8, and is connected with the ball screw bracket 18 through a bearing, the ball screw bracket 18 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the water tank 10, the other end of the ball screw 20 horizontally extends out of the water tank 10, the other end of the ball screw is coaxially and fixedly connected with the second motor 24, and the second motor 24 drives the ball screw 20 to rotate.
A stopper 17 for restricting the position of the second pneumatic cylinder 8 to move toward the first pneumatic cylinder 7 is installed at the upper end of the ball screw bracket 18.
A workpiece 14 to be strengthened is arranged between the lower sections of the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8, the workpiece 14 is provided with a workpiece inner hole 22, the workpiece inner hole 22 is horizontally arranged, and two ends of the workpiece inner hole 22 are communicated. The side walls of the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 are respectively provided with an air hole channel 25 communicated with the inside of the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8, the two air hole channels 25 are symmetrically arranged face to face, and the two air hole channels 25 have the same horizontal central axis. And a clamp 15 is fixedly welded at each air hole channel 25, and the workpiece 14 is fixedly connected between the two clamps 15, namely, two ends of the workpiece 14 are fixedly connected at the side wall air hole channels 25 of the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 through the clamps 15 respectively. The central axis of the workpiece inner bore 22 is collinear with the central axes of the two gas ports 25.
One membrane 16 is fixed between each end of the workpiece 14 and the corresponding clamp 15, and the membrane 16 separates the inner hole 22 of the workpiece from the air hole channel 25. The central axis of the film 16 is collinear with the central axes of the workpiece inner bore 22 and the two air passages 25.
As shown in fig. 2, the holder 15 at the junction with the workpiece 14, the membrane 16 is designed as a conical bore. The film 16 is in the form of a circular truncated cone having a maximum outer diameter d1, which is the same as the outer diameter d1 of the workpiece 14, and the end face at the maximum outer diameter is in contact with the end face of the workpiece 14. The minimum outer diameter of the film 16 is d2, which is the same as the inner diameter d2 of the air vent 25, and the end face at the minimum outer diameter is attached to the jig 15. The inner diameter d2 of the gas tunnel 25 is smaller than the inner diameter of the workpiece inner bore 22. The axial thickness of the membrane 16 is h1, with the axial thickness at the smallest outer diameter being h1-h2, and h2 being less than h 1.
The film 16 is adhered to the conical hole of the clamp 15, and the film 16 is sealed with the clamp 15 and the workpiece 14, so that the air hole channel 25 is not communicated with the inner hole 22 of the workpiece. The workpiece 14 is placed between two membranes 16, and the workpiece 14, the membranes 16 and the fixture 15 are coaxial.
The film 16 is made of neoprene, and the coaxiality requirements of the workpiece inner holes 22 with different inner diameters, the film 16 and the clamp 15 can be met by selecting films with different thicknesses, so that the universality of the clamp 15 is realized.
When the pressure alternating immersion type micropore inner surface cavitation strengthening device works, a water tank 10 is filled with water 13, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and cavitation with larger intensity can be generated under the water temperature condition. Put work piece 14 into water tank 10, work piece hole 22 has been filled with water 13 inside this moment, put work piece 14 between two anchor clamps 15, and press from both sides this anchor clamps 15 that work piece 14 one end links to each other with first pneumatic cylinder 7 tightly, then start second motor 24 work, second motor 24 drives ball 20 rotatoryly, ball 20 drives nut 19 horizontal migration, nut 19 drives second pneumatic cylinder 8 and removes to the first pneumatic cylinder 7 direction of opposite, simultaneously, cylindrical sliding block 4 of top follows second pneumatic cylinder 8 along transmission shaft 3 synchronous motion. When the second motor 24 is stopped when it moves to the stop position defined by the stopper 17, the other clamp 15 connected to the second pneumatic cylinder 8 clamps the other end of the workpiece 14.
After the workpiece 14 is clamped, the first motor 23 is started to drive the first transmission wheel 1 to rotate, the first transmission wheel 1 drives the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 3 simultaneously drives the first piston 11 and the second piston 12 to work up and down. When the first piston 11 and the second piston 12 move upwards, the gas in the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 becomes thin, the pressure is reduced, the film 16 expands towards the direction of the gas channel 25, the pressure of the water 13 in the inner hole 22 of the workpiece is reduced, and when the pressure is reduced to the saturated vapor pressure, the cavitation nuclei in the liquid are separated out and grow continuously. When the first piston 11 and the second piston 12 are pressed downwards, the gas in the first pneumatic cylinder 7 and the second pneumatic cylinder 8 is compressed, the pressure in the pneumatic cylinders increases, the thin film 16 is pressed, the thin film 16 extends towards the inner hole 22 of the workpiece, the liquid pressure in the inner hole 22 of the workpiece rises, and the pressing vacuoles collapse the vacuole clusters. So that each cavitation core undergoes primary generation in a pressure alternating mannerDevelopment and collapse process, when a large number of cavitation bubbles collapse, about 4 × 104-6×104The inner surface of the inner hole 22 of the workpiece is strengthened by MPa high-pressure shock wave, 100m/s-400m/s high-speed micro jet and 5000 +/-200K local high temperature.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a pressure alternation submergence formula hole surface strengthening device, the bottom is water tank (10) of notes water, characterized by: a horizontal transmission shaft (3) is arranged above the water tank (10), two ends of the transmission shaft (3) are respectively eccentrically connected with a first transmission wheel (1) with a horizontally arranged central shaft, the edge wheel surface of a second transmission wheel (2), the central shaft of the first transmission wheel (1) is fixedly connected with the output shaft of a first motor (23) with the same axle center, the second transmission wheel (2) is connected with a fixed bracket (9) through a bearing, a cylindrical sliding block (4) is coaxially sleeved on the transmission shaft (3), the cylindrical sliding block (4) is matched with the transmission shaft (3) with a gap, a second piston rod (6) and a second pneumatic cylinder (8) are vertically arranged under the cylindrical sliding block (4), the cylindrical sliding block (4) is hinged with the upper end of the second piston rod (6), the lower end of the second piston rod (6) extends into the second pneumatic cylinder (8) and is fixedly connected with a second piston (12), the transmission shaft (3) is hinged with the upper end of a first piston rod (5), and the lower end of the first piston rod (5) extends into the first pneumatic cylinder (7) and is fixedly connected with a first piston (11); the structure of the first pneumatic cylinder (7) and the structure of the second pneumatic cylinder (8) are the same, the first pneumatic cylinder (7) and the second pneumatic cylinder (8) are symmetrically arranged face to face, the lower sections of the first pneumatic cylinder (7) and the second pneumatic cylinder (8) both extend downwards into the water tank (10), the lower end of the first pneumatic cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the water tank (10) through a base (21), the lower end of the second pneumatic cylinder (8) is fixedly connected with a horizontal nut (19), the nut (19) is matched with a horizontal ball screw (20), one end of the ball screw (20) is fixedly connected with a ball screw support (18) at the bottom of the water tank (10) through a bearing, and the other end of the ball screw extends out of; the side walls of the first pneumatic cylinder (7) and the second pneumatic cylinder (8) are respectively provided with an air hole channel (25) communicated with the inside, the two air hole channels (25) are arranged in a face-to-face symmetrical mode, a clamp (15) is fixed at each air hole channel (25), a workpiece (14) with a workpiece inner hole (22) is arranged between the two clamps (15), two ends of the workpiece (14) and the corresponding clamps (15) are respectively connected with a thin film (16) in a sealing mode, and the workpiece inner hole (22) is separated from the air hole channels (25) through the thin films (16).
2. The pressure alternating immersion type inner bore surface strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the central axes of the inner hole (22) of the workpiece, the thin film (16) and the two air pore channels (25) are collinear.
3. The pressure alternating immersion type inner bore surface strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fixture (15) at the joint of the fixture and the workpiece (14) and the thin film (16) is a conical hole, the thin film (16) is in a circular truncated cone shape, the maximum outer diameter of the thin film (16) is the same as the outer diameter of the workpiece (14), the minimum outer diameter of the thin film (16) is the same as the inner diameter of the air duct (25), and the inner diameter of the air duct (25) is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner hole (22) of the workpiece.
4. The pressure alternating immersion type inner bore surface strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a stopper (17) is arranged at the upper end of the ball screw support (18) to limit the position of the second pneumatic cylinder (8) moving to the first pneumatic cylinder (7).
5. A method for strengthening a pressure alternating immersion type inner bore surface strengthening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: firstly, a workpiece (14) is placed in a water tank (10), water is filled in an inner hole (22) of the workpiece, one end of the workpiece (14) is clamped by a clamp (15) connected with a first pneumatic cylinder (7), then a second motor (24) is started to drive a second pneumatic cylinder (8) to move towards the opposite direction of the first pneumatic cylinder (7), and the clamp (15) connected with the second pneumatic cylinder (8) clamps the other end of the workpiece (14); and finally, starting the first motor (23), driving the transmission shaft (3) to rotate by the first transmission wheel (1), and enabling the first piston (11) and the second piston (12) to move up and down to perform strengthening treatment on the inner surface of the inner hole (22) of the workpiece.
6. The method for strengthening the pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water temperature of the water in the water tank (10) is 15-20 ℃.
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| CN201910347539.7A CN110055390B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device and method |
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| CN201910347539.7A CN110055390B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Pressure alternating immersion type inner hole surface strengthening device and method |
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| CN110055390B true CN110055390B (en) | 2020-08-28 |
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| CN111975621B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏大学 | Polishing device for inner surface of tiny complex hole and control method thereof |
| CN115138494B (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for actively controlling cavitation water jet to strengthen inner surface of micro hole |
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| US10265833B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-04-23 | The Boeing Company | Portable cavitation peening method and apparatus |
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| CN101886160A (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2010-11-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Metal surface modification method through emulsion jet |
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