CN216631828U - Cavitation jet flow generating device and cleaning equipment - Google Patents
Cavitation jet flow generating device and cleaning equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN216631828U CN216631828U CN202122654792.2U CN202122654792U CN216631828U CN 216631828 U CN216631828 U CN 216631828U CN 202122654792 U CN202122654792 U CN 202122654792U CN 216631828 U CN216631828 U CN 216631828U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a cavitation jet flow generating device and cleaning equipment. The device comprises a cavitation nozzle and an ultrasonic actuating mechanism; the cavitation nozzle comprises a nozzle main body and an outlet end cover, wherein a composite cavity, a resonant cavity and a water outlet which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the nozzle main body along the axial direction of the nozzle main body; the aperture of the composite cavity in the stepped hole is larger than that of the resonant cavity, and the aperture of the resonant cavity is larger than that of the water outlet; the outlet end cover is fixedly arranged at the water outlet end of the nozzle main body; the ultrasonic actuating mechanism is fixedly connected with the composite cavity end of the nozzle main body; the outer wall of the composite cavity of the nozzle main body is provided with a water injection hole communicated with the composite cavity. The utility model obviously enhances the erosion and cleaning capability of the jet flow and improves the effective range of the jet flow; the transmission efficiency of the sound wave vibration in different media is improved, the jet energy utilization rate is improved, and the dependence of the cavitation jet effect on the installation precision of the ultrasonic actuating mechanism is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of cavitation jet, in particular to a cavitation jet generating device and cleaning equipment for removing paint coatings, rust layers, oily dirt, oxide layers and other bonding materials on the surface of a workpiece.
Background
Currently, a kerosene soaking method is mostly adopted for industrial oil stains, so that the cleaning efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the environmental pollution is serious; shot blasting or laser burning is mostly adopted for metal rusty objects, the rust removal cost is high, and metal dust is generated to pollute the environment; a mechanical polishing method is adopted for paint coatings, labor and time are wasted, a large amount of toxic dust is generated during polishing, and the operation environment is severe. With the appearance of the cavitation jet technology, a green and environment-friendly cleaning means is provided for solving the problems.
The pulse cavitation jet is a novel high-pressure water jet technology which appears in recent years, the erosion capacity of the pulse cavitation jet is several times better than that of the common jet under the same pump pressure, and the pulse cavitation jet technology is widely applied to the fields of wastewater degradation, material surface hardening, industrial cleaning, petroleum drilling and the like. With the recent construction demands for environment-friendly enterprises, the pure water jet has been more and more emphasized in industrial cleaning. However, when facing cleaning objects with strong adhesion such as industrial oil stains, metal rusts, multilayer paint coatings and the like, the existing pulse cavitation jet has the defects of insufficient jet erosion capacity, poor cleaning effect, low cleaning efficiency and the like; the pure pulse jet only depends on the water hammer action of the jet, and the erosion effect of the cavitation effect on the surface of the target (cleaned object) is lacked.
The patent of the Chinese utility model with the publication number of CN101912853B discloses an ultrasonic pulse water jet pipe wall rust removing and cleaning device. The device is characterized in that a horn connected with a transducer is embedded in the nozzle, so that the vibration energy of the transducer acts on fluid in the nozzle and at the outlet of the nozzle through the horn. The device can generate strong pulse jet flow, and the jet flow erosion capacity is enhanced by utilizing the liquid water hammer effect. However, the high-frequency vibration of the horn tip can generate strong cavitation erosion to cause high abrasion of the horn tip, and meanwhile, the modulation level is greatly influenced by the position of the vibrating horn tip relative to the outlet of the nozzle, so that the practical application value is not high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a cavitation jet strengthening method, a generating device and cleaning equipment, aiming at the defects of insufficient erosion capability of the existing pulse jet technology and the defects of a derusting and cleaning device for the pipe wall of an ultrasonic pulse water jet.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a cavitation jet flow intensification method is characterized in that a self-oscillation structure is arranged in a cavitation nozzle, and ultrasonic waves are actively input into liquid in the nozzle; the vibration frequency of the input ultrasonic wave is adjustable, and the vibration direction of a vibration source generating the ultrasonic wave is along the axial direction of the cavitation nozzle; the water inlet direction of the cavitation nozzle is vertical to the water outlet direction.
A cavitation jet generating device comprises a cavitation nozzle and an ultrasonic actuating mechanism; the cavitation nozzle comprises a nozzle main body and an outlet end cover, wherein the nozzle main body is of a columnar structure, a composite cavity, a resonant cavity and a water outlet which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the nozzle main body along the axial direction of the nozzle main body, and a stepped hole which runs through the columnar structure is formed in the nozzle main body by the composite cavity, the resonant cavity and the water outlet; the aperture of a composite cavity in the stepped hole is larger than that of a resonant cavity, and the aperture of the resonant cavity is larger than that of a water outlet; the composite cavity and the resonant cavity jointly form a self-excited oscillation cavity, so that the superposition effect of sound wave vibration and self-excited vibration exists in the resonant cavity; the outlet end cover is fixedly arranged at the water outlet end of the nozzle main body, and a jet hole is formed in the outlet end cover; the ultrasonic actuating mechanism is fixedly connected with the composite cavity end of the nozzle main body; and a water injection hole communicated with the composite cavity is formed in the outer wall of the composite cavity of the nozzle main body.
A cleaning apparatus comprising a cleaning nozzle employing a cavitation jet generating device as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects.
The ultrasonic cavitation jet nozzle has the advantages that the ultrasonic wave and self-oscillation technology are combined to improve the oscillation intensity of jet flow of the nozzle, ultrasonic cavitation bubbles are generated in the cavitation nozzle, the actual tensile strength of liquid at the outlet of the nozzle is reduced, the jet flow cavitation capacity is improved, and the erosion and cleaning capacity of the jet flow is obviously improved.
Secondly, under the combined action of a self-oscillation chamber formed by the composite cavity and the resonant cavity and the ultrasonic actuating mechanism, the erosion and cleaning capability of the jet flow is obviously enhanced, and the effective jet flow range is improved.
The waveguide adopts a fixing mode of large-area action end face (a cylindrical structure and clearance fit with the composite cavity) and unilateral axial compression, improves the transmission efficiency of sound wave vibration in different media, and greatly weakens the influence of the installation precision of the waveguide on cavitation jet.
And fourthly, adjusting the oscillation intensity of the fluid in the resonant cavity by adjusting the input voltage amplitude of the ultrasonic generator, thereby realizing the active adjustment of the jet erosion capability.
In order to obtain better technical effects, the utility model can be further improved on the basis of the technical scheme, and the improvement scheme is as follows.
Further, the ultrasonic actuating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, a waveguide and a waveguide sleeve; the waveguide device is of a cylindrical structure, the waveguide sleeve is sleeved outside the waveguide device, and the waveguide sleeve and the waveguide device are coaxially arranged and are in clearance fit; one end of the waveguide sleeve is fixedly and hermetically connected with the composite cavity end of the nozzle main body, and the waveguide sleeve and the composite cavity are coaxially arranged; the transducer is arranged at one end of the waveguide far away from the nozzle body, and the transducer is fixedly connected with the waveguide by adopting a screw; the transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator through a lead.
In the ultrasonic actuating mechanism, the ultrasonic transducer generates sound wave vibration matched with the natural frequency of the resonant cavity by adjusting the input frequency of the ultrasonic generator, and further fluid resonance is generated in the resonant cavity; the adjustment of the jet erosion capacity is indirectly realized by adjusting the input power of the ultrasonic generator and the oscillation intensity of the fluid in the resonant cavity.
Furthermore, the waveguide extends out of the waveguide sleeve for a certain distance at the end close to the composite cavity, the extending part is inserted into the composite cavity, and the waveguide and the composite cavity are in clearance fit. The extending part of the waveguide should extend into the position between the end of the composite cavity and the water injection hole, and the extending length should be 3-6 mm so as not to block the water injection hole.
The shaft end of the cylindrical waveguide extends into the composite cavity, and the waveguide is in clearance fit with the composite cavity, so that the waveguide is ensured to exchange energy with fluid in the composite cavity in the largest area.
Further, the waveguide is arranged coaxially with the transducer; an extension flange is arranged at the end, close to the transducer, of the waveguide, a nut is arranged at the end, close to the transducer, of the waveguide sleeve, the nut is in threaded connection with the outer wall of the waveguide sleeve, the extension flange of the waveguide is tightly pressed on the end face of the waveguide sleeve by the nut, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the waveguide sleeve and the extension flange of the waveguide; the center of the nut is provided with a hole for the transducer to pass through.
The arrangement of the extension flange and the locking of the extension flange at the end of the waveguide sleeve by the nut ensures the high-frequency vibration of the waveguide along the axial direction (jet flow direction) thereof.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the composite cavity is provided with three water injection holes; the axes of the three water injection holes are intersected at one point, the point is positioned on the axis of the composite cavity, and the three water injection holes are uniformly distributed around the inner wall of the composite cavity. Namely, the axes of the three water injection holes are coplanar and the plane is parallel to the end surface of the composite cavity, and the water injection holes are uniformly distributed around the inner wall of the composite cavity.
Pressure fluid enters the nozzle main body (composite cavity) through the three water injection holes distributed along the radial direction, and shearing and collision actions occur in the composite cavity to form vortex disturbance, increase the number of initial cavitation nuclei in the fluid and be beneficial to the generation of jet cavitation effect.
Further, the outer wall of the nozzle main body at the composite cavity is of a regular triangular prism or regular hexagonal prism structure; the water injection hole is a threaded hole.
Further, the jet hole of the outlet end cover is composed of a cavitation generation section and a cavitation mixing section, wherein the cavitation generation section is positioned at the inner side, and the cavitation mixing section is positioned at the outer side; the outlet end cover is fixedly connected with the nozzle main body by using screws, and a sealing connection structure is arranged at the outlet end cover and the water outlet end.
Adopt simple and easy detachable outlet end cover, can simply change the outlet end cover of different specifications according to the washing demand of different objects.
Further, the cavitation generation section is a cylindrical channel; the cavitation mixing section is a conical flaring channel; the cylindrical passage is connected with the narrow end of the conical flaring passage.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cavitation jet strengthening method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at B;
FIG. 5 is a side view of a nozzle body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view, in full section, of a nozzle body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure and layout of water injection holes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a waveguide sleeve in an embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 9 is a front elevational view, in full section, of a waveguide sleeve in an embodiment of the utility model corresponding to FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a side view of an outlet end cap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an outlet end cap according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the erosion depth comparison of the test results of this example (new nozzle) with a conventional high pressure nozzle;
FIG. 13 is a line graph comparing the erosion amount of the test results of this example (new nozzle) with that of the ordinary high-pressure nozzle;
in the figure: the nozzle comprises a nozzle body 1, a water injection hole 101, a composite cavity 102, a resonant cavity 103 and a water outlet 104; an outlet end cover 2, a cavitation generation section 201 and a cavitation mixing section 202; the ultrasonic actuating mechanism 3, an ultrasonic generator 301, a transducer 302, a waveguide 303, an extension flange 3031, a gasket 304, a nut 305 and a waveguide sleeve 306.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The principle of the cavitation jet flow strengthening method provided by the utility model is shown in fig. 1, a water injection hole is arranged on the wall surface of a first chamber, continuous high-pressure water enters the first chamber of a nozzle along the radial direction, and an ultrasonic actuator completes the modulation of continuous fluid to make the fluid generate initial oscillation. Meanwhile, according to the ultrasonic cavitation principle, when the sound pressure generated by ultrasonic waves is greater than the acoustic cavitation threshold value in liquid, micro bubbles are separated out, grown and broken in the liquid to generate ultrasonic cavitation bubbles.
The modulated oscillating fluid then enters the nozzle second chamber. According to the self-excited oscillation principle, when the stable fluid passes through the self-excited wall surface, self-excited pulse oscillation is generated on the wall surface, the pressure oscillation is fed back to the second chamber, and according to the vortex street theory, the jet self-excited frequencyf * Can be expressed as:
in the formulaS d Is a function of the number of the strouhal numbers,vis the jet outlet flow rate,dis the nozzle exit diameter.
When the flow rate of the outlet of the nozzle and the diameter of the outlet of the nozzle are fixed, the input frequency of the ultrasonic brake is adjusted, so that the initial oscillation of the fluid is matched with the self-excited oscillation frequency, the oscillation superposition effect is further formed, the oscillation effect of the fluid in the second cavity is amplified, and the jet oscillation strength is remarkably enhanced.
Furthermore, in order for the liquid to cavitate, it must first be "torn" from the inside. The amount of pressure required to tear the liquid depends on the tensile strength of the liquid. According to the stable bubble core theory and the gas mechanics equilibrium condition in the core, the actual tensile strength of the liquid is as follows:
in the formula R0Is the initial radius of cavitation nuclei, S is the surface tension coefficient of the liquid, r is gasAnd (4) a polytropic exponent.
As can be seen from the above equation, the existence of minute cavitation nuclei inside the liquid can make the actual liquid tensile strength much lower in value than the saturation vapor pressure of the liquid at the same temperature. In the utility model, ultrasonic cavitation bubbles generated by the transmission of ultrasonic waves in liquid are continuously separated, grown and broken in a flow field to generate a large amount of micro bubbles. The actual tensile strength of the liquid at the outlet of the nozzle is effectively reduced, and the generation of jet cavitation is promoted.
The method combines the actively input ultrasonic energy with the self-excited oscillation cavitation jet technology in the cavitation nozzle, overcomes the defects of insufficient oscillation intensity and unstable oscillation of the existing self-excited oscillation cavitation jet technology, obviously enhances the oscillation intensity of jet flow, and simultaneously improves the jet flow cavitation capability. When the jet stream strikes the surface of the target, a water hammer effect formed by jet stream oscillation and a cavitation action of jet stream cavitation on the surface of the target exist, and the erosion and cleaning capability of the jet stream is obviously enhanced.
Referring to fig. 2, a cavitation jet generator (referred to as a novel cavitation jet nozzle for short) according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes a cavitation nozzle main body 1, an outlet end cap 2, an ultrasonic actuating mechanism 3, and the like.
The cavitation nozzle comprises a nozzle main body 1 and an outlet end cover 2, wherein the nozzle main body 1 is of a columnar structure, a composite cavity 102, a resonant cavity 103 and a water outlet 104 which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the nozzle main body 1 along the axial direction of the nozzle main body, and stepped holes penetrating through the columnar structure are formed in the nozzle main body 1 by the composite cavity, the resonant cavity 103 and the water outlet 104; the aperture of the composite cavity 102 in the stepped hole is larger than that of the resonant cavity 103, and the aperture of the resonant cavity 103 is larger than that of the water outlet 104; because the liquid in the nozzle body 1 flows in the direction of sequentially passing through the composite cavity 102, the resonant cavity 103 and the water outlet 104, pressure contraction wall surfaces are formed at the connection part of the composite cavity 102 and the resonant cavity 103 and the connection part of the resonant cavity 103 and the water outlet 104, and according to the self-excited oscillation principle, the fluid can generate self-excited oscillation in the resonant cavity 103. The composite cavity 102 and the resonant cavity 103 jointly form a self-excited oscillation cavity, so that the resonant cavity 103 has the superposition effect of sound wave vibration and self-excited vibration. The water outlet 104 end of the nozzle body 1 is fixedly provided with an outlet end cover 2.
The ultrasonic actuating mechanism 3 is fixedly connected with the compound cavity 102 end of the nozzle body 1; the outer wall of the compound cavity 102 of the nozzle body 1 is provided with a water injection hole 101 communicated with the compound cavity 102.
The ultrasonic actuating mechanism 3 comprises an ultrasonic generator 301, a transducer 302, a waveguide 303, a waveguide sleeve 306. The waveguide 303 is a cylindrical structure, the waveguide sleeve 306 is sleeved outside the waveguide 303, and the waveguide sleeve 306 and the waveguide 303 are coaxially arranged and are in clearance fit. One end of the waveguide sleeve 306 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the composite cavity 102 end of the nozzle body 1, and the waveguide sleeve 306 is coaxially arranged with the composite cavity 102. The waveguide sleeve 306 is provided with a flange at the connection end with the nozzle body 1, and the waveguide sleeve 306 is fixedly connected with the nozzle body 1 by using the flange and screws. In order to ensure the sealing performance of the connection part, a groove provided with an O-shaped sealing ring (the wire diameter is 1.8 mm) is arranged at the end face of the compound cavity 102 of the nozzle body 1, and the O-shaped sealing ring and the groove form sealing connection; an inward concave annular step for installing an O-shaped sealing ring (the line diameter is 2.65 mm) is arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide sleeve 306 close to the composite cavity 102, a matched O-shaped sealing ring is arranged at the inward concave annular step, and a dynamic sealing structure along the axial direction of the waveguide 303 sleeve is formed after the waveguide sleeve 306 and the end face of the composite cavity 102 of the nozzle body 1 are tightly pressed.
Meanwhile, a rubber gasket is adopted as a sealing gasket arranged between the extension flange 3031 of the waveguide 303 and the waveguide sleeve 306; the sealing gasket is used for secondary combined sealing aiming at the dynamic sealing structure, so that the leakage of the pressure fluid can be effectively prevented.
The transducer 302 is arranged at one end, away from the nozzle body 1, of the waveguide 303, the transducer 302 is fixedly connected with the waveguide 303 through screws, and a gasket 304 for compressing is arranged between the transducer 302 and the screws; the transducer 302 is connected with the ultrasonic generator 301 by a lead.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a can produce good cleaning performance's main reason is: the ultrasonic actuation mechanism 3 modulates the fluid by high frequency axial vibration of the waveguide 303, converting the mechanical vibration of the waveguide 303 into pressure vibration of the fluid. When the pressure vibration fluid enters the resonant cavity 103, the pressure vibration fluid and the resonant cavity 103 generate fluid resonance; in addition, the self-excited vibration generated by the self-excited oscillation chamber and the pressure vibration are mixed and superposed in the area, and then strong fluid oscillation is generated.
In embodying the embodiments of the present invention, the following configurations or connection relationships may be preferable in order to obtain better use effects and practicality.
As a preferred structure, near the end of the compound cavity 102, one end of the waveguide 303 extends out of the waveguide sleeve 306 by about 3-6 mm, and the extended part is inserted into the compound cavity 102.
The waveguide 303 extends into the composite cavity 102 for a certain distance, so that the energy of sound waves can be efficiently transmitted into the composite cavity 102 and the resonant cavity 103; meanwhile, the effective space of the composite cavity 102 and the resonant cavity 103 is not excessively occupied, and enough space is reserved for superposition of self-excited vibration and ultrasonic vibration.
As a preferred structure, the waveguide 303 is disposed coaxially with the transducer 302; an extension flange 3031 is arranged at the end, close to the transducer 302, of the waveguide 303, a nut 305 is arranged at the end, close to the transducer 302, of the waveguide sleeve 306, the nut 305 is in threaded connection with the outer wall of the waveguide sleeve 306, the extension flange 3031 of the waveguide 303 is tightly pressed on the end face of the waveguide sleeve 306, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the waveguide sleeve 306 and the extension flange 3031 of the waveguide 303; a hole is provided in the center of the nut 305 for the transducer 302 to pass through.
As a preferable structure, the outer wall of the composite cavity 102 is provided with three water injection holes 101; the axial lines of the three water injection holes 101 are intersected at one point, and the point is positioned on the axial line of the composite cavity 102, namely the axial lines of the three water injection holes 101 are coplanar and the plane is parallel to the end face of the composite cavity 102, and the water injection holes 101 are uniformly distributed around the outer wall of the composite cavity 102. The outer wall of the nozzle main body 1 at the position of the composite cavity 102 is of a regular hexagonal prism structure; the water injection hole 101 is a screw hole.
For the above structure, please refer to fig. 7, the axes of the three water injection holes 101 adjacent to each other are 120 °, the central lines (axes) of the three water injection holes 101 intersect with the axis of the compound cavity 102, and the intersection point is located right in front of the end surface of the waveguide 303. When the pressure fluid simultaneously enters the nozzle body 1 through the three water injection holes 101, the fluid has shearing and collision effects inside the compound cavity 102, and initial fluid disturbance is formed. When water is injected, a single-hole water inlet mode can be adopted according to the requirement, and only the fluid shearing action is generated in the single-hole water inlet mode.
As shown in fig. 5, the outer wall of the nozzle body 1 at the position of the compound cavity 102 is of a regular hexagonal prism structure, and the hexagonal prism structure is convenient for assembly and installation of the embodiment; meanwhile, the processing of the water injection hole 101 is facilitated, the drilling on the arc surface is changed into the drilling on the plane, and the positioning of the water injection hole 101 is facilitated.
As a preferred structure, the jet hole at the outlet end cover 2 is composed of a cavitation generation section 201 and a cavitation mixing section 202, wherein the cavitation generation section 201 is located at the inner side, and the cavitation mixing section 202 is located at the outer side; the outlet end cover 2 is fixedly connected with the nozzle shell through screws. The outlet end cover 2 is provided with 3 countersunk through holes which correspond to the threaded holes arranged at the water outlet 104 end of the nozzle main body 1 one by one, and the outlet end cover 2 is fixedly connected with the nozzle main body 1 through screws.
The outlet end cover 2 is provided with a jet hole, the jet hole is composed of a cavitation generation section 201 and a cavitation mixing section 202, the cavitation generation section 201 is a 1mm or 1.5mm cylindrical channel, the pressure of fluid in the section is sharply reduced to negative pressure due to flow pressure drop caused by pressure contraction wall surfaces, and cavitation bubbles are generated in the cavitation generation section 201 under the action of the negative pressure. The cavitation mixing section 202 is a conically flared channel where cavitation bubbles are generated and further mixed with the jet to form a cavitation jet.
When the target surface is hit by cleaning operation performed by the embodiment of the utility model, the water hammer effect of high-strength pulse jet and the stripping and erosion effects of cavitation jet on the target are combined, and the jet erosion and cleaning capabilities are obviously enhanced.
The end face of the water outlet 104 of the nozzle body 1 and the end face of the composite cavity 102 are both provided with annular grooves, the annular grooves are internally provided with O-shaped sealing rings (the line diameter is 1.8 mm), and after the O-shaped sealing rings on the end face of the water outlet 104 are compressed, a sealing structure is formed.
When the embodiment of the utility model is used, high-pressure water provided by an external power source (a pump station or a cleaning machine) respectively enters the compound cavity 102 from the 3 water injection holes 101 along the radial direction, fluid shearing and collision actions occur in the area, fluid pressure disturbance is caused, and the fluid has initial oscillation capacity.
Through the application in different scenes, the following test results and related data are obtained.
[ test scenario I ]
The erosion test was performed on a uniform particle sand-greensand rock slab with a thickness of 20mm distribution using the example of the utility model.
Step one, forming self-excited oscillation cavitation jet, comprising: starting an external power source (a pump station or a cleaning machine) to pressurize common water into high-pressure water, wherein the high-pressure water enters the composite cavity 102 through the water injection hole 101 after passing through a high-pressure pipeline, and the fluid is modulated by the self-oscillation cavity; the fluid forms self-oscillation cavitation jet after passing through the resonant cavity 103, the cavitation generation section 201 and the cavitation mixing section 202.
Step two, forming high-intensity pulse cavitation jet, comprising: the ultrasonic transducer 302 is started, and the output frequency of the transducer 302 is 20KHz, and the output power is 300W. Acoustic energy is transmitted to the fluid inside the nozzle through the cylindrical waveguide 303, and after the fluid enters the resonant cavity 103, the fluid combines with self-excited vibration generated by the self-excited oscillation chamber, and strong fluid resonance occurs in the resonant cavity 103, so that the original cavitation jet has high-intensity pulse characteristics.
Step three, carrying out erosion aiming at the green sand rock plate, comprising the following steps: selecting a green sandstone sample, fixing the target distance from the green sandstone sample to the outlet end cover 2 to be 30mm, and respectively carrying out an erosion test of 30s in time on the target by using a common high-pressure water jet, a self-oscillation cavitation jet and a high-intensity pulse cavitation jet under the conditions of setting the water pressures of the inlets of the nozzles to be 5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa and 20 MPa.
Step four, forming a contrast test, comprising: and replacing the nozzle with a common high-pressure nozzle, fixing the target distance from the green sandstone sample to the nozzle outlet to be 30mm, and performing an erosion contrast test for the target in a time period of 30s on the target respectively under the conditions of setting the water pressure at the nozzle inlet to be 5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa and 20 MPa.
After the test is finished, the depth of the erosion pit on the surface of the sample and the volume of the erosion pit are observed and measured. The results of the comparative tests are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.
[ second test scenario ]
The method is used for cleaning a natural oxidation rust layer on the surface of an end shaft of a brake beam of a railway wagon bogie.
Step one, forming self-excited oscillation cavitation jet, comprising: an external power source (a pump station or a cleaning machine) is started to pressurize common water into high-pressure water, the high-pressure water enters the nozzle compound cavity 102 through the water injection hole 101 after passing through a high-pressure pipeline, and the fluid is modulated by the self-oscillation cavity. The fluid forms self-oscillation cavitation jet after passing through the resonant cavity 103, the cavitation generation section 201 and the cavitation mixing section 202.
Step two, forming high-intensity pulse cavitation jet, comprising: the ultrasonic transducer 302 is started, and the output frequency of the transducer 302 is 20KHz, and the output power is 300W. Acoustic energy is transferred to the fluid in the compound chamber 102 through the waveguide 303, and the fluid, after entering the resonant cavity 103, combines with the self-excited vibrations generated by the self-oscillating chamber and generates strong fluid resonance in the resonant cavity 103. The original cavitation jet has high-intensity pulse characteristics;
step three, cleaning natural oxidation rusty objects on the surface of the end shaft of the brake beam of the bogie of the railway wagon, comprising the following steps: adjusting the distance from the nozzle to the surface of the end shaft to be 60-70 mm, setting the water pressure at the inlet of the nozzle to be 20MPa, and slowly moving and cleaning the oxide corrosion layer on the surface of the end shaft at the speed of 3mm/s for 60s and the cleaning area to be 18cm2. A set of conventional high pressure water jet cleaning control tests were performed under the same conditions.
Step four, forming a contrast test, comprising: and replacing the nozzle with a common high-pressure nozzle, and performing a flushing test on the brake beam end shaft of the railway freight car bogie under the condition of the same other conditions.
And after the test is finished, observing the surface flushing condition of the end shaft, and measuring and calculating the surface rust removal rate.
| Categories | Surface rinsing conditions | Rate of rust removal |
| This example | The surface oxide layer is substantially completely removed, with only a small residue at the jet edge. The silver-white metal color is completely exposed on the washing surface, the washing effect is good, and the washing requirement is met. | 79.2% |
| Common high pressure nozzle | Basically remove surface rust, but the oxide layer removal amount is less, only exposes a small amount of punctiform metallic color, does not meet the industrial cleaning requirement too much. | 17.8% |
According to the specific embodiments and the test results, the novel ultrasonic composite pulse cavitation jet generating device provided by the utility model combines the functions of ultrasonic, fluid resonance, pulse jet, cavitation effect and the like to generate strong pulse cavitation jet, the erosion and rust removal capability of the strong pulse cavitation jet generating device is several times better than that of a common high-pressure nozzle, and the cleaning operation of an object with strong adhesion can be realized. The embodiment can have the same erosion capacity as that of a common high-pressure nozzle under the pressure condition of 15MPa under the pressure condition of 6MPa, and is safer and more energy-saving.
According to the specific embodiments and the test results, the novel ultrasonic composite pulse cavitation jet generation device provided by the utility model combines the functions of ultrasonic waves, fluid resonance, pulse jet, cavitation effect and the like to generate high-strength pulse cavitation jet, has strong erosion and cleaning capabilities, and can clean objects with strong adhesion. Compared with the common high-pressure water jet, the embodiment can realize the same erosion and cleaning effects under the condition of lower inlet pressure, and is safer, more energy-saving and more environment-friendly.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the specific embodiments of the present invention be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, other embodiments that do not depart from the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be encompassed by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cavitation jet generating device comprises a cavitation nozzle and an ultrasonic actuating mechanism; the method is characterized in that: the cavitation nozzle comprises a nozzle main body and an outlet end cover, wherein the nozzle main body is of a columnar structure, a composite cavity, a resonant cavity and a water outlet which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the nozzle main body along the axial direction of the nozzle main body, and a stepped hole which runs through the columnar structure is formed in the nozzle main body by the composite cavity, the resonant cavity and the water outlet; the aperture of a composite cavity in the stepped hole is larger than that of a resonant cavity, and the aperture of the resonant cavity is larger than that of a water outlet; the composite cavity and the resonant cavity jointly form a self-oscillation cavity; the outlet end cover is fixedly arranged at the water outlet end of the nozzle main body, and a jet hole is formed in the outlet end cover; the ultrasonic actuating mechanism is fixedly connected with the composite cavity end of the nozzle main body; the outer wall of the composite cavity of the nozzle main body is provided with a water injection hole communicated with the composite cavity.
2. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic actuating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, a waveguide and a waveguide sleeve; the waveguide device is of a cylindrical structure, the waveguide sleeve is sleeved outside the waveguide device, and the waveguide sleeve and the waveguide device are coaxially arranged and are in clearance fit; one end of the waveguide sleeve is fixedly and hermetically connected with the composite cavity end of the nozzle main body, and the waveguide sleeve and the composite cavity are coaxially arranged; the transducer is arranged at one end of the waveguide far away from the nozzle body, and the transducer is fixedly connected with the waveguide by adopting a screw; the transducer is connected with the ultrasonic generator through a lead.
3. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: near the end of the composite cavity, the waveguide extends out of the waveguide sleeve for a certain distance, the extending part is inserted into the composite cavity, and the waveguide and the composite cavity are in clearance fit.
4. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the waveguide and the transducer are coaxially arranged; an extension flange is arranged at the end, close to the transducer, of the waveguide, a nut is arranged at the end, close to the transducer, of the waveguide sleeve, the nut is in threaded connection with the outer wall of the waveguide sleeve, the extension flange of the waveguide is tightly pressed on the end face of the waveguide sleeve by the nut, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the waveguide sleeve and the extension flange of the waveguide; the center of the nut is provided with a hole for the transducer to pass through.
5. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the outer wall of the composite cavity is provided with three water injection holes; the axes of the three water injection holes are intersected at one point, the point is positioned on the axis of the composite cavity, and the three water injection holes are uniformly distributed around the outer wall of the composite cavity.
6. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the outer wall of the nozzle main body at the composite cavity is of a regular triangular prism or regular hexagonal prism structure; the water injection hole is a threaded hole.
7. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the jet hole of the outlet end cover is composed of a cavitation generation section and a cavitation mixing section, wherein the cavitation generation section is positioned at the inner side, and the cavitation mixing section is positioned at the outer side; the outlet end cover is fixedly connected with the nozzle main body through screws, and a sealing connection structure is arranged at the outlet end cover and the water outlet end.
8. The cavitation jet generation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the cavitation generation section is a cylindrical channel; the cavitation mixing section is a conical flaring channel; the cylindrical passage is connected with the narrow end of the conical flaring passage.
9. A cleaning apparatus comprising a cleaning nozzle, characterized in that: the cleaning nozzle adopts the cavitation jet flow generation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122654792.2U CN216631828U (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Cavitation jet flow generating device and cleaning equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122654792.2U CN216631828U (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Cavitation jet flow generating device and cleaning equipment |
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| CN216631828U true CN216631828U (en) | 2022-05-31 |
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| CN202122654792.2U Active CN216631828U (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Cavitation jet flow generating device and cleaning equipment |
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| CN (1) | CN216631828U (en) |
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