CN114434039A - Welding flux for low-temperature interconnection of copper and aluminum dissimilar materials and welding method - Google Patents
Welding flux for low-temperature interconnection of copper and aluminum dissimilar materials and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011366 tin-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/282—Zn as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature interconnected welding flux of copper and aluminum dissimilar materials and a welding method, which are prepared by pressing a uniform and compact zinc layer with the thickness of 0.05-0.5mm on one side or two sides of a middle welding matrix by a powder mould pressing forming method by taking a pure Sn strip or an Sn alloy strip with the thickness of less than 0.5mm as the middle welding matrix. The solder for low-temperature interconnection of the copper and aluminum dissimilar materials has the advantages of low price, simple preparation process, no element unevenness, easy control of the width of a welding line, activation of the surface of the solder without changing the main components of the solder, improvement of interface IMC components, and promotion of the surface oxide film breakage of the base metal through ultrasonic vibration, so that the zinc layer and the base metal are subjected to metallurgical reaction, and the low-temperature fluxless interconnection of Cu/Al is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding flux for low-temperature interconnection of copper and aluminum dissimilar materials and a welding method.
Background
In the electronic packaging industry of today, SAC305 and SAC0307 lead-free solders with excellent performance are widely used as connecting materials between electronic components and printed circuit boards instead of lead-containing solders due to the harm of lead to the environment and human health. And with the miniaturization, integration and densification of electronic devices, the bonding area is smaller and closer to the electronic devices, i.e., the electronic devices are more sensitive to the bonding temperature. However, since the melting point of SAC305 and SAC0307 lead-free solders is at least 30 ℃ higher than that of SnPb37, when electronic components and printed circuit boards are soldered by conventional soldering methods, not only soldering temperature is high and soldering time is long, but also a soldering flux which is more heat-resistant is required; the service life of the thermosensitive electronic component is easily damaged or even directly loses efficacy, and the reliability of the welding spot cannot be guaranteed, so that the resource is greatly wasted and the reputation of the company is damaged. Therefore, the lead-free solder welding method with low welding temperature, high welding efficiency and high welding reliability is an urgent need in the electronic packaging industry at present.
For the welding of copper/aluminum materials at low temperature, CN109759742A, Chongqing university of technology 20190517, among other patents, discloses a solder without brazing flux and a welding method, which comprises an intermediate welding body made of a tin-based material, wherein any one of nickel powder, cobalt powder, tin powder, titanium powder and copper powder, or any two, any three, or any four or five mixed powders of nickel powder, cobalt powder, tin powder, titanium powder and copper powder, which are coated or embedded with active nano particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000nm, are arranged in holes or pits on the surface or on the surface of the intermediate welding body. And the low-temperature interconnection of the lead-free solder in a full solid phase or a semi-solid state is realized. In the prior patent, Harbin university of technology 20181002 patent CN108615689A discloses an all Cu package for power devices3The preparation method of the Sn compound joint comprises the steps of firstly putting a Sn foil and a Cu foil into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, taking out and airing to obtain the cleaned Sn foil and the cleaned Cu foil; then smearing soldering paste on two surfaces of the cleaned Sn foil, and then placing the Cu foil on the surface of the Sn foil to form a Cu/Sn/Cu sandwich structure foil; finally, placing a Cu/Sn/Cu sandwich structure foilOn a workbench of a hot press welder, controlling the heating temperature to be 250-400 ℃, the brazing time to be 1-9.9 s, connecting, continuously applying the welding pressure of 0.05-0.7 MPa in the connecting process, and air-cooling to below 210 ℃ after welding is finished, thus completing the full Cu for packaging the power device3And preparing a Sn compound joint.
The characteristics of the above examples include that most of the active nanoparticles are noble metals, the activity is too strong, the solder powder is difficult to mix uniformly, the manufacturing difficulty of the pits is large, the process repeatability is poor, the welding process of the all-compound joint is complex, the preparation difficulty is large, and the like. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a new welding method to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a welding flux for low-temperature interconnection of copper and aluminum dissimilar materials and a welding method. The alloy solder used by the method has low material cost and novel manufacturing process. During welding, the welding method is simple to operate, short in welding time, low in welding temperature and low in requirements on welding equipment, not only is the resource consumption low, but also the production efficiency can be greatly improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-temperature interconnected solder of copper-aluminum dissimilar materials is characterized by comprising a tin belt as a middle welding substrate, and a zinc layer with the thickness of 0.05-0.5mm is pressed on one side or two sides of the middle welding substrate by a powder mould pressing forming method.
Preferably, the intermediate soldering matrix is a pure Sn strip or a Sn alloy strip, and the thickness of the intermediate soldering matrix is less than 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the raw material of the zinc layer is zinc powder or zinc particles having a nano-or micro-size particle size of 0.2-45 μm.
Preferably, the powder press molding method is a process of placing a proper amount of zinc powder or zinc particles and an intermediate welded body with a proper size in a mold according to needs to form a uniform and compact Zn layer on the surface of the intermediate welded body.
A welding method for low-temperature interconnection of copper and aluminum dissimilar materials is characterized in that a copper alloy plate or an aluminum alloy plate is used as a welding substrate, an intermediate welding base body with a Zn layer is used as welding flux, the welding substrate and the welding flux are assembled through a welding clamp and then placed on a heating platform, and in the welding process, vibration is generated through an ultrasonic generator to realize ultrasonic auxiliary welding.
The ultrasonic generator is a longitudinal ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic frequency is set to be 20KHz, the power is 600w, the welding temperature is room temperature to 200 ℃, the ultrasonic auxiliary welding is carried out on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic auxiliary welding time is 5-30s, and the welding time is 120-240 s.
Compared with the prior art, the welding flux and the welding method for the low-temperature interconnection of the copper and aluminum dissimilar materials have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts powder mould pressing to form zinc powder or zinc particles into sheets, does not need to manufacture concave-convex pits, and has simple preparation process and good repeatability.
2. The block solder composed of Sn band or Sn alloy and zinc powder has lower price than Sn band or Sn alloy solder, has no element unevenness, has stable property, and the width of the formed welding seam is easy to control.
3. The invention forms the zinc layer on the middle welding substrate, can activate the surface of the solder by ultrasonic vibration and special particles under the condition of not changing the main component of the solder, changes the IMC component of the interface and realizes the high-quality interconnection of copper and aluminum.
4. The invention can weld homogeneous or heterogeneous materials, especially can weld the materials difficult to braze, such as the welding forming between copper alloy and aluminum alloy, etc.; the method of the composite solder can realize the quick connection of dissimilar materials, and has high connection efficiency and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to embodiment 3;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to embodiment 4;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to embodiment 5;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to embodiment 6;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
(1) Polishing the to-be-welded surface areas of the square aluminum alloy plate 2 and the square copper alloy plate 5 by using sand paper, polishing, then spraying and washing the surfaces of the to-be-welded areas by using alcohol, and then performing drying treatment;
(2) as shown in figure 1, a test piece to be welded is placed in a groove of a die 6 in sequence according to an aluminum alloy plate 2, an intermediate welding matrix 4 with a Zn layer 3 on the upper surface and a copper alloy plate 5;
(3) placing the mould with the test piece on a heating platform 7 by using big tweezers, pressing an ultrasonic vibrator 1 of a longitudinal ultrasonic generator on the test piece to be welded, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the longitudinal ultrasonic generator is 20KHz, the power is 600w, the welding temperature is room temperature, and carrying out ultrasonic auxiliary welding on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic time is 30s, and the welding time is 240 s.
Preferably, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by sand paper of 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000#, and then the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by a polishing agent of W1.5 to enable the surfaces to be smoother.
Preferably, the intermediate welded base having a Zn layer on the upper surface is produced by placing the intermediate welded base having the same size as the mold at the bottom of the mold, adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 0.2 μm) into the mold, and applying a pressure of 4MPa to form a uniform and dense Zn layer having a thickness of 0.05mm on the upper surface of the intermediate welded base.
Preferably, in the welding process, a timer is used for timing after the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator 1 is pressed on the copper alloy plate 2, the ultrasonic is started when the timer displays 150s, the ultrasonic is closed when the timer displays 180s, and the ultrasonic vibrator 1 is controlled to be away from the platform 7 until the timer displays 240s, then the test piece is taken down, and the test piece is cooled in the air, so that the welding is completed.
Specific example 2
(1) Polishing the to-be-welded surface areas of the square aluminum alloy plate 2 and the square copper alloy plate 6 by using sand paper, polishing, spraying and washing the surfaces of the to-be-welded areas by using alcohol, and then drying;
(2) as shown in FIG. 2, a test piece to be welded is placed in a groove of a die 6 in sequence according to an aluminum alloy plate 2, a middle welding matrix 4 with Zn layers (3, 5) on the upper and lower surfaces, and a copper alloy plate 6;
(3) the mould with the test piece is placed on a heating platform 8 by big tweezers, an ultrasonic vibrator 1 of a longitudinal ultrasonic generator is pressed on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic frequency of the longitudinal ultrasonic generator is 20KHz, the power is 600w, the welding temperature is 100 ℃, the test piece to be welded is subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary welding, the ultrasonic time is 20s, and the welding time is 180 s.
Preferably, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by sand paper of 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000#, and then the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by a polishing agent of W1.5 to enable the surfaces to be smoother.
Preferably, the intermediate welded base having Zn layers on both upper and lower surfaces is produced by adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 1 μm) to a mold, placing the intermediate welded base having the same size as the mold at the bottom of the mold, adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 1 μm) to the mold, and applying a pressure of 4MPa to form a uniform and dense Zn layer having a thickness of 0.10mm on both the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate welded base.
Preferably, in the welding process, a timer is used for timing after the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator 1 is pressed on the copper alloy plate 2, the ultrasonic is started when the timer displays 120s, the ultrasonic is turned off when the timer displays 140s, the ultrasonic vibrator 1 is controlled to be away from the platform 7 until the timer displays 180s, then the test piece is taken down, and the test piece is cooled in the air, so that the welding is completed.
Specific example 3
(1) Polishing the to-be-welded surface areas of the square aluminum alloy plate 2 and the square copper alloy plate 5 by using sand paper, polishing, then spraying and washing the surfaces of the to-be-welded areas by using alcohol, and then performing drying treatment;
(2) as shown in figure 1, a test piece to be welded is placed in a groove of a die 6 in sequence according to an aluminum alloy plate 2, an intermediate welding matrix 4 with a Zn layer 3 on the upper surface and a copper alloy plate 5;
(3) the mould with the test piece is placed on a heating platform 7 by big tweezers, an ultrasonic vibrator 1 of a longitudinal ultrasonic generator is pressed on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic frequency of the longitudinal ultrasonic generator is 20KHz, the power is 600w, the highest welding temperature is 160 ℃, the test piece to be welded is subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary welding, the ultrasonic time is 10s, and the welding time is 150 s.
Preferably, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by sand paper of 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000#, and then the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by a polishing agent of W1.5 to enable the surfaces to be smoother.
Preferably, the intermediate welded base having a Zn layer on the upper surface is produced by placing the intermediate welded base having the same size as the mold at the bottom of the mold, adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 10 μm) into the mold, and applying a pressure of 4MPa to form a uniform and dense Zn layer having a thickness of 0.2mm on the upper surface of the intermediate welded base.
Preferably, in the welding process, a timer is used for timing after the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator 1 is pressed on the copper alloy plate 2, the ultrasonic is started when the timer displays 100s, the ultrasonic is closed when the timer displays 110s, the ultrasonic vibrator 1 is controlled to be away from the platform 7 until the timer displays 150s, then the test piece is taken down, and the test piece is cooled in the air, so that the welding is completed.
Specific example 4
(1) Polishing the to-be-welded surface areas of the square aluminum alloy plate 2 and the square copper alloy plate 6 by using sand paper, polishing, spraying and washing the surfaces of the to-be-welded areas by using alcohol, and then drying;
(2) as shown in FIG. 2, a test piece to be welded is placed in a groove of a die 6 in sequence according to an aluminum alloy plate 2, a middle welding matrix 4 with Zn layers (3, 5) on the upper and lower surfaces, and a copper alloy plate 6;
(3) the mould with the test piece is placed on a heating platform 8 by a big nipper, an ultrasonic vibrator 1 of a longitudinal ultrasonic generator is pressed on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic frequency of the longitudinal ultrasonic generator is 20KHz, the power is 600w, the highest welding temperature is 200 ℃, the test piece to be welded is subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary welding, the ultrasonic time is 5s, and the welding time is 120 s.
Preferably, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by sand paper of 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000#, and then the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by a polishing agent of W1.5 to enable the surfaces to be smoother.
Preferably, the intermediate welded base having Zn layers on both upper and lower surfaces is produced by adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 20 μm) to a mold, placing the intermediate welded base having the same size as the mold at the bottom of the mold, adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 20 μm) to the mold, and applying a pressure of 4MPa to form a uniform and dense Zn layer having a thickness of 0.3mm on both the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate welded base.
Preferably, in the welding process, a timer is used for timing after the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator 1 is pressed on the copper alloy plate 2, the ultrasonic is started when the timer displays 80s, the ultrasonic is stopped when the timer displays 85s, the ultrasonic vibrator 1 is controlled to be away from the platform 7 until the timer displays 120s, then the test piece is taken down, and the test piece is cooled in the air, so that the welding is completed.
Specific example 5
(1) Polishing the to-be-welded surface areas of the square aluminum alloy plate 2 and the square copper alloy plate 5 by using sand paper, polishing, then spraying and washing the surfaces of the to-be-welded areas by using alcohol, and then performing drying treatment;
(2) as shown in figure 1, a test piece to be welded is placed in a groove of a die 6 in sequence according to an aluminum alloy plate 2, an intermediate welding matrix 4 with a Zn layer 3 on the upper surface and a copper alloy plate 5;
(3) the mould with the test piece is placed on a heating platform 7 by big tweezers, an ultrasonic vibrator 1 of a longitudinal ultrasonic generator is pressed on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic frequency of the longitudinal ultrasonic generator is 20KHz, the power is 600w, the highest welding temperature is 160 ℃, the test piece to be welded is subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary welding, the ultrasonic time is 20s, and the welding time is 180 s.
Preferably, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by sand paper of 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000#, and then the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by a polishing agent of W1.5 to enable the surfaces to be smoother.
Preferably, the intermediate welded base having a Zn layer on the upper surface is produced by placing the intermediate welded base having the same size as the mold at the bottom of the mold, adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 30 μm) into the mold, and applying a pressure of 4MPa to form a uniform and dense Zn layer having a thickness of 0.5mm on the upper surface of the intermediate welded base.
Preferably, in the welding process, a timer is used for timing after the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator 1 is pressed on the copper alloy plate 2, the ultrasonic is started when the timer displays 120s, the ultrasonic is turned off when the timer displays 140s, the ultrasonic vibrator 1 is controlled to be away from the platform 7 until the timer displays 180s, then the test piece is taken down, and the test piece is cooled in the air, so that the welding is completed.
Specific example 6
(1) Polishing the to-be-welded surface areas of the square aluminum alloy plate 2 and the square copper alloy plate 6 by using sand paper, polishing, spraying and washing the surfaces of the to-be-welded areas by using alcohol, and then drying;
(2) as shown in FIG. 2, a test piece to be welded is placed in a groove of a die 6 in sequence according to an aluminum alloy plate 2, a middle welding matrix 4 with Zn layers (3, 5) on the upper and lower surfaces, and a copper alloy plate 6;
(3) the mould with the test piece is placed on a heating platform 8 by a big nipper, an ultrasonic vibrator 1 of a longitudinal ultrasonic generator is pressed on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic frequency of the longitudinal ultrasonic generator is 20KHz, the power is 600w, the highest welding temperature is 130 ℃, the test piece to be welded is subjected to ultrasonic auxiliary welding, the ultrasonic time is 30s, and the welding time is 200 s.
Preferably, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by sand paper of 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000#, and then the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by a polishing agent of W1.5 to enable the surfaces to be smoother.
Preferably, the intermediate welded base having Zn layers on both upper and lower surfaces is produced by adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 40 μm) to a mold, placing the intermediate welded base having the same size as the mold at the bottom of the mold, adding a suitable amount of zinc powder (particle size: 40 μm) to the mold, and applying a pressure of 4MPa to form a uniform and dense Zn layer having a thickness of 0.5mm on both the upper and lower surfaces of the intermediate welded base.
Preferably, in the welding process, a timer is used for timing after the longitudinal ultrasonic vibrator 1 is pressed on the copper alloy plate 2, the ultrasonic is started when the timer displays 140s, the ultrasonic is turned off when the timer displays 170s, the ultrasonic vibrator 1 is controlled to be away from the platform 7 until the timer displays 200s, then the test piece is taken down, and the test piece is cooled in the air, so that the welding is completed.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all the modifications and equivalent substitutions should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A low-temperature interconnected solder of copper-aluminum dissimilar materials is characterized by comprising a tin belt as a middle welding substrate, and a zinc layer with the thickness of 0.05-0.5mm is pressed on one side or two sides of the middle welding substrate by a powder mould pressing forming method.
2. The intermediate soldering matrix of the solder for low-temperature interconnection of dissimilar copper and aluminum materials as claimed in claim 1 is a pure Sn tape or an Sn alloy tape, and the thickness of the intermediate soldering matrix is less than 0.5 mm.
3. The zinc layer of claim 1, which is zinc powder or zinc particles having a particle size of 0.2-45 μm nano-or micro-scale.
4. The powder press molding method according to claim 1, wherein a proper amount of zinc powder or zinc particles and an intermediate welded body having a proper size are placed in the mold as required, and a uniform and dense zinc layer is formed on the surface of the intermediate welded body.
5. The welding method for the low-temperature interconnection of the copper and aluminum dissimilar materials comprises the steps of taking a copper alloy column or an aluminum alloy column as a welding substrate, taking an intermediate welding base body with a zinc layer as welding flux, assembling the welding substrate and the welding flux through a welding clamp, placing the welding substrate and the welding flux on a heating platform, and generating vibration through an ultrasonic generator in the welding process to promote the breaking of oxide films on the surfaces of a base material and the welding flux and realize the high-quality interconnection of welding joints.
6. According to claim 5, the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished to be smooth by using 400#, 800#, 1500# and 3000# abrasive papers, and the surfaces to be welded of the aluminum alloy plate and the copper alloy plate are polished by using a W1.5 polishing agent to be smoother.
7. The ultrasonic generator of claim 5 is a longitudinal ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic frequency is set to 20KHz, the power is 600w, the welding temperature is room temperature to 200 ℃, the ultrasonic-assisted welding is performed on the test piece to be welded, the ultrasonic time is 5 to 30s, and the welding time is 120-240 s.
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| CN115466916A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ultrasonic galvanizing device and galvanizing process thereof |
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