CN114404556A - 一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,包括黄芪、当归、土茯苓、炒白术、地丁、蒲公英、金银花、白花蛇舌草、枸杞、女贞子、生姜、大枣。该中药组合物选取调节免疫力与抑制有害微生物生长的植物,经过提取有效成分后,制成水剂,在禽蛋孵化过程中,分三次进行喷涂,期间进行常规孵化器孵化,能够使得禽苗孵出后健雏率增加,有效促进鸡胚胎发育,提高出壳雏鸡的抗病能力,提高雏鸡对环境的适应能力,降低弱雏的出生率,降低幼雏饲养过程中的病死率。
Description
技术领域
本发明种禽孵化技术领域,具体涉及一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物。
背景技术
孵化是种禽生产中的最后一个环节,是种禽场获得经济效益的重要一环。而作为养殖厂家,雏禽的存活率,生产性能,染病率则直接关系到经济效益。
提高孵化效率一直是家禽生产的研究热点,影响禽蛋孵化效果的因素很多,包括遗传背景、种蛋储存条件和孵化环境等。其中,优化孵化环境是实际生产中提高孵化成绩的主要措施。目前大型孵化场基本采用自动孵化机,孵化环境的主要指标:温度、湿度和翻蛋,已经有了较为成熟的操作程序。而对于禽苗孵出后的健康状况、抗逆境能力、生长性能等关系到养殖厂家经济效益的研究,目前还比较少见。采用最普遍的方式是雏禽被运到养殖场后进行第一轮筛选,剔除弱、残、病、死的雏禽后,进入育雏阶段饲养。在整个育雏阶段也会及时淘汰弱雏,弱雏淘汰率越高,饲养成本也就相应的提高。
因此,如果能在孵化过程中进行有效干预,令禽苗孵出后健雏率增加,提高存活率,降低病死率,增加抗病力,无疑会降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种可以有效提高禽胚孵化过程中的免疫系统的发育,提高出壳后的健雏率,降低幼雏饲养过程中的病死率的中药组合物。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,包括如下按照质量份数计的组份:
黄芪15~25份,
当归15~25份,
土茯苓15~25份,
炒白术15~25份,
地丁15~25份,
蒲公英25~35份,
金银花10~20份,
白花蛇舌草25~35份,
枸杞25~35份,
女贞子15~25份,
生姜25~35份,
大枣35~45份。
进一步地,该中药组合物优选包括如下按照质量份数计的组份:
黄芪20份,
当归20份,
土茯苓20份,
炒白术20份,
地丁20份,
蒲公英30份,
金银花15份,
白花蛇舌草30份,
枸杞30份,
女贞子20份,
生姜30份,
大枣40份。
其中,黄芪、当归为君药,土茯苓、炒白术为臣药,地丁、蒲公英、金银花、白花蛇舌草、枸杞、女贞子为佐药,生姜、大枣是使药。
本方剂主要的目的是补气益血,提高免疫力,促进机体发育。所以黄芪益中补气、当归补血益血,以此两味药做君药。土茯苓有泄浊解毒功效、炒白术健脾益气,此二味药为臣药。地丁、蒲公英、金银花、白花蛇舌草、枸杞、女贞有杀菌、抑菌、以及抗病毒的功效,是为佐药。生姜、大枣是使药,促进药效抵达功能部位。
具体地,所述的中药组合物可以制成浓缩药膏或者冻干粉等制剂。
具体地,使用时,将中药组合物与水配制成药液,在种蛋孵化前药浴2~4分钟,孵化中的三个时期对种蛋进行喷雾,优选孵化5-7天第一次喷涂、孵化12-14天第二次喷涂、孵化19-20天第三次喷涂。
进一步地,还包括在鸡苗孵化后,将中药组合物的水溶液作为鸡苗的饮水。
优选地,药浴与喷雾时,中药组合物与水配制成的药液浓度为7.5~10wt.%;作为饮水时,中药组合物药液浓度为0.25~1wt.%。
本发明中药组合物,是从自然环境中得到的灵感,大多数野生禽类会主动有意识的选择一些植物放在巣中,目的是提高孵化胚胎的免疫系统活力,并在孵化后期将亲鸟的粪便少部分的涂在蛋壳上,有进一步促进幼胚的免疫系统活化的功效,适时的接触肠道中的益生菌,有利于雏禽出壳后尽快适应食物,提高抗病力,增加存活机会。该中药组合物选取调节免疫力与抑制有害微生物生长的植物,经过提取有效成分后,制成水剂,在禽蛋孵化过程中,分三次进行喷涂,注意:喷涂时药剂温度保持37-38℃并在出壳的前两天在药剂中添加适量粪肠球菌,期间进行常规孵化器孵化。
进一步地,本发明还提供上述用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照份数称取各组份药物原料,混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)药物按照水煎法进行煎煮;
(3)将步骤(2)煎煮所得药液,去除药渣,分离出药液;
(4)将分离出的药液进行浓缩得到药膏,或者进一步冻干成粉。
具体地,步骤(2)中,采用原料药物总质量4-6倍的水进行煎煮;先将药物冷水浸泡45~60分钟后,大火煮开5分钟,转入文火煎煮30分钟,再转入大火煮10分钟。
具体地,步骤(3)中,分离出的药渣完全室温后,加入3倍清水,翻搅药物,充分混合后大火煮开5分钟,转入文火煎煮20分钟,再转入大火煮10分钟,放置冷却到室温,沥出药液与第一次的药液混合。
具体地,步骤(4)中,利用旋转蒸发仪对药液进行浓缩,制成药膏,或者进一步将药膏制成冻干粉。
有益效果:
(1)本发明在种蛋孵化过程中进行中药制剂干预,能够有效促进鸡胚胎发育,提高出壳雏鸡的抗病能力,提高雏鸡对环境的适应能力,降低弱雏的出生率,降低幼雏饲养过程中的病死率。
(2)本发明用中药组合物替普通化学消毒药剂,参与到鸡胚的孵化过程。
(3)本发明主要组合物一定浓度可以提高雏鸡的免疫力,促进雏鸡免疫系统的发育。在同样的养殖条件下,可以提升雏鸡已经接种疫苗的保护力。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明,本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1是三组不同饮水浓度与空白组GM-CSF情况。
图2是三组不同饮水浓度与空白组IL-6情况。
图3是三组不同饮水浓度与空白组SlgA情况。
图4是三组不同饮水浓度与空白组IgM情况。
图5是三组不同饮水浓度与空白组IgG情况。
目的是探索药物饮水的不同浓度、在肉鸡不同生长期,对肉鸡血清中相关因子的影响程度,寻找最佳药物方剂的饮水浓度。既可以有效干预机体的发育,提高免疫力,同时又可以降低养殖成本。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。
称取黄芪20g,当归20g,土茯苓20g,炒白术20g,地丁20g,蒲公英30g,金银花15g,白花蛇舌草20g,枸杞30g,女贞子20g,生姜30g,大枣40g。
上述原料药混合后采用原料药物总质量4倍的水进行煎煮。先冷水浸泡45~60分钟后,大火煮开5分钟(注意翻动原料药物,保证混合充分且不糊),转入文火煎煮(火温90度)30分钟,再转入大火煮10分钟(翻搅药物)后熄火盖牢煎药器皿,冷后沥出药液。药渣完全室温后,加入3倍清水,翻搅药物,充分混合后大火煮开5分钟(注意翻动原料药物,保证混合充分且不糊),转入文火煎煮20分钟(火温90度),再转入大火10分钟(翻搅药物),放置冷却到室温,沥出药液与第一次的药液混合。利用旋转蒸发仪对药液进行浓缩,制成药膏,将药膏制成冻干粉备用。
将冻干粉分别稀释成2.5%、5%、7.5%,10%药液,将受精种蛋随机分成四个组,每组100枚,分别进行药液浸泡3分钟(水温37℃-38℃),设置空白对照组(即普通洁尔灭浸泡法)100枚。放入孵化箱常规孵化,禽蛋孵化常规技术中,第一步是在禽蛋入孵化器之前对蛋品进行清洗、消毒、烘干。之后分别在孵化的第七天、第十四天、第二十天进行相应浓度药物的喷涂,空白组常规处理。
常见致病细菌检出率:种蛋常规处理与中药浸泡种蛋后,致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)检出率无明显差异。种蛋的除菌处理,大多数种蛋生产公司都会在种蛋产生的初期就完成了,只要控制住中药水剂的细菌含量就可以控制住有害菌的污染。
出雏后测定相关数据如下:
1、出雏率
相同的截止时间,即从第一只雏鸡出雏后的八个小时为出雏时间,此时间后,没有出雏的种蛋一律淘汰,同时判别雏鸡是否是弱雏,判断为弱雏后,淘汰不用。最后各组留下相同数目的雏鸡(66只)进行饲喂,用于后续试验,结果见表1。
表1
试验三组、试验四组弱雏率与其余三组对比差异明显(P<0.05)
从表1可以看出,出雏数量由种蛋受精率、孵化设备与孵化技术决定,常规处理法与中药浸泡法无明显差异,但是雏鸡的强弱由种蛋发育状态决定,使用一定剂量的中药对种蛋进行处理后,由于中药水剂透过蛋壳作用于鸡胚,有效干预种蛋的发育,提高了出壳雏鸡的发育状态,提高强雏率。(强雏是指雏鸡精神状态好,活跃,眼睛亮,肛门干净、脐门收缩良好,腹部柔软,绒毛均匀,胎粪正常,觅食行为出现早,叫声洪亮,无发育畸形,奔跑有力。)
2、免疫系统相关因子、蛋白
各组之间选择体重及生长状态相似的1日龄雏鸡15只,分别取血清测免疫相关因子。雏鸡血清以及粘膜中的相关因子可以直接反应雏鸡免疫发育的情况,所以选取IL-6、GM-CSF、IgA、IgG、IgM、作为考察雏鸡免疫系统发育情况的指标取喉管检测粘膜免疫IgA含量。此处仅对体现差异的D、C、E组数据进行分析,数据分别如下结果见表2。
表2
注:上标a表示该组与组别E差异显著,上标b表示该组与组别C差异显著。
GM-CSF与IL-6这两个指标与雏鸡系统发育成正相关,指标高表明雏鸡发育良好。IgA与鸡的粘膜免疫成正相关,雏鸡在生长过程中,绝大多数感染性疾病都是粘膜型疾病,消化道与呼吸道疾病,IgA在粘膜上表达的浓度高,可以为雏鸡提供更有效的保护力,这在后期的饲养过程中也充分证明了这一判断。选用的其余检测指标,在1日龄雏鸡血清中没有表现出差异,表明,本中药方剂对这几种监测指标在1日龄雏鸡体内没有明显干预作用,但是在后期,雏鸡成长过程中,本中药方剂对鸡的发育调节中,这几种指标体现了差异,表明了中药方剂的功效。雏鸡早期的发育情况直接关系到后期的发育情况与成活率,相同的饲养环境,发育良好的雏鸡成活率更高,抗病力与耐逆境能力远比初期发育一般的雏鸡表现更好,可以有效降低饲养成本。所以,本发明可以极大提升雏鸡的早期发育情况,为后期的饲养打下良好的基础,降低死淘率,降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。在后期饲养过程中,不定期的用低浓度进行饮水,可以有效提高鸡的机体抗病力,降低死淘率,使得出栏鸡生长发育更加均一,提高生产性能。
3、中药组合物作为饮水
雏鸡出雏完毕后,取冻干粉配制成不同浓度的饮水液,给相应不同组进行饮水3天,3天后进行常规饲喂,见表3。常规疫苗接种,10天后各组选择体重相近的雏鸡12只,放血处死,采集血液与喉管。进行血清细胞因子、喉粘膜采集sIgA,利用ELISA技术,进行相关数据检测。其余时间鸡普通饲喂,到27天,开始进行连续药液饮水3天,第30天的时候各组选择体重相近的鸡12只,放血处死,采集血液与喉管。进行血清细胞因子、喉粘膜采集sIgA,利用ELISA技术进行相关数据检测,由于C组与D组数据没有明显差异,数据仅表述C组,结果见图1至图5。剩余鸡普通饲喂到出栏(肉鸡42天出栏)。
表3
从图1至图5可以看出:在肉鸡生长过程中,中药方剂饮水组,在选取的细胞因子与免疫因子数值的测定上都与普通清水组有差异,表明中药方剂在肉鸡生长过程中,有调节肉鸡免疫力,提高肉鸡抗病力的作用。从图1可以看出,GM-CSF直接体现细胞的生长发育状况,从数据可以看出选用的中药方剂与清水组差异明显,方剂可以有效促进肉鸡的细胞发育,提高肉鸡的抗感染免疫力,这从后期肉鸡的死淘率的差异上也能体现出来。本发明选用的浓度对该细胞因子影响不大,表明该方剂安全性较高,在生产中可以选用低剂量即可发挥功效。图2中,IL-6与GM-CSF有协同作用,同时在机体抗感染过程中有降低机体炎性反应,减少机体炎性损伤的作用,对照组与试验组差异明显,表明中药方剂对调节肉鸡体内IL-6有明显的功效。从图中数据可以得出结论,中药方剂低剂量就可以有明显效果。图3中,SIgA数据表明,中药方剂饮水组与空白清水组差异明显,中药方剂饮水可以提高肉鸡粘膜抗体的表达量,更好保护肉鸡,降低感染风险。IgM与初次遭遇感染时产生保护力有关,产生的量大、迅速,抵御感染的能力越强,图4可以看出,中药方剂饮水组与空白组在IgM表达量上差异明显,中药方剂组明显高于空白组,表明低剂量的中药方剂就可以在肉鸡抗感染过程中提高鸡的抵抗力。图5,IgG与机体的保护力有直接关系,IgG在体内发生再次感染时,迅速被调动出来,量大、抗感染能力是所有免疫球蛋白中效率最高的,但是只在再次感染时出现,可以迅速清除机体的感染源,恢复机体的健康内环境。同一时间、同一环境,相似的鸡群,鸡的体内IgG含量越高,清除感染源的能力越强,抗感染的能力越高,从图5中看一发现,中药方剂饮水组与空白组在血清中测出的IgG含量有明显差异,同时,中药方剂的浓度对IgG含量也有影响,高浓度产生的IgG含量比其余两个浓度的要高一些,在实际生产中,可以根据具体情况酌情调整中药方剂的水剂浓度,以达到最佳效果。
4、出栏情况
各组出栏情况见表4。
表4
从表4可以看出:利用中药方剂进行不定期饮水,可以明显降低死淘率,提高肉鸡出栏率,并且提高肉鸡生长的均一度,进一步提高肉鸡的生产性能,提高经济效益。
本发明提供了一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物的思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下按照质量份数计的组份:
黄芪15~25份,
当归15~25份,
土茯苓15~25份,
炒白术15~25份,
地丁15~25份,
蒲公英25~35份,
金银花10~20份,
白花蛇舌草25~35份,
枸杞25~35份,
女贞子15~25份,
生姜25~35份,
大枣35~45份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括如下按照质量份数计的组份:
黄芪20份,
当归20份,
土茯苓20份,
炒白术20份,
地丁20份,
蒲公英30份,
金银花15份,
白花蛇舌草30份,
枸杞30份,
女贞子20份,
生姜30份,
大枣40份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物为浓缩药膏或者冻干粉制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,其特征在于,将中药组合物与水配制成药液,在种蛋孵化前药浴2~4分钟,在孵化过程中对种蛋进行喷雾。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,其特征在于,还包括在鸡苗孵化后,将中药组合物的水溶液作为鸡苗的饮水。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物,其特征在于,中药组合物与水配制成的药液浓度为7.5~10wt.%。
7.权利要求1所述用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照份数称取各组份药物原料,混合均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)药物按照水煎法进行煎煮;
(3)将步骤(2)煎煮所得药液,去除药渣,分离出药液;
(4)将分离出的药液进行浓缩得到药膏,或者进一步冻干成粉。
8.根据权利要求7所述用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,采用原料药物总质量4-6倍的水进行煎煮;先将药物冷水浸泡45~60分钟后,大火煮开5分钟,转入文火煎煮30分钟,再转入大火煮10分钟。
9.根据权利要求7所述用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,分离出的药渣完全室温后,加入3倍清水,翻搅药物,充分混合后大火煮开5分钟,转入文火煎煮20分钟,再转入大火煮10分钟,放置冷却到室温,沥出药液与第一次的药液混合。
10.根据权利要求7所述用于鸡种蛋孵化过程中来提高鸡苗质量的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,利用旋转蒸发仪对药液进行浓缩,制成药膏,或者进一步将药膏制成冻干粉。
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