CN114397154B - Preparation method of triaxial sample of saturated sand - Google Patents

Preparation method of triaxial sample of saturated sand Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114397154B
CN114397154B CN202111544717.9A CN202111544717A CN114397154B CN 114397154 B CN114397154 B CN 114397154B CN 202111544717 A CN202111544717 A CN 202111544717A CN 114397154 B CN114397154 B CN 114397154B
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sample
bearing cylinder
rubber
film
water
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CN202111544717.9A
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CN114397154A (en
Inventor
李京爽
朱耀庭
喻志发
诸葛爱军
郑爱荣
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CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co Ltd
Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Ltd of CCCC Frst Harbor Engineering Co Ltd
Tianjin Harbor Engineering Quality Inspection Center Co Ltd
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CCCC First Harbor Engineering Co Ltd
Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Ltd of CCCC Frst Harbor Engineering Co Ltd
Tianjin Harbor Engineering Quality Inspection Center Co Ltd
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Publication of CN114397154A publication Critical patent/CN114397154A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/30Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • G01N2001/366Moulds; Demoulding
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0298Manufacturing or preparing specimens

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a triaxial sample of saturated sand, firstly, the sand is prepared in a membrane bearing cylinder according to a layered compaction method, then the membrane bearing cylinder is placed in a saturator to be vacuumized and soaked for saturation, then a machine glass circular plate with an air extraction joint is arranged at the upper port of the membrane bearing cylinder in the state that the sample is soaked in water, a rubber tube is connected to the joint and absorbs water by a water absorption ball, and when the rubber tube is filled with water, the rubber tube is clamped by a spring clamp; keeping the triaxial apparatus base immersed by water, moving a sample onto the triaxial apparatus base, and downwards turning an everted rubber film at the lower part of the film bearing cylinder onto the triaxial apparatus base; pumping proper amount of water through the joint of the glass circular plate by using the water absorbing ball again to form slight negative pressure inside the sample, so that the sample is kept standing under the action of atmospheric pressure; and then lifting the film bearing cylinder upwards to separate the film bearing cylinder from the rubber film. Immediately using three valves or split films to enclose the sample after the film bearing cylinder is taken down, and taking down the glass circular plate of the machine; and then the three valves are disassembled or the dies are split, so that the sample preparation is completed.

Description

Preparation method of triaxial sample of saturated sand
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of static and dynamic triaxial test in geotechnical test, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a triaxial sample of saturated sand.
Background
In triaxial test, non-cohesive soil such as sand is inevitably encountered, and a sample preparation method of a saturated sand sample is specified in national standard GB/T50123-2019 geotechnical test method Standard 19.3, and the method mainly comprises the steps of firstly placing a waterproof plate, a rubber membrane and a split round die on a base of a pressure chamber in sequence, filling pre-boiled sand in layers by adopting a small spoon, and enabling the sand to reach a preset density by knocking the split round die. For samples containing fine-grained soil and requiring higher densities, the preparation of dry sand is recommended, with saturation by means of water head saturation and back pressure saturation.
The sample preparation method is slightly careless, sand grains are easy to fall into the triaxial apparatus confining pressure cavity, and knocking and opening the die increases the compactness of sand, so that vibration impact is caused on loading equipment, especially a dynamic triaxial apparatus base. In addition, for high density samples prepared from dry sand, the sample expands in practice by means of head saturation. If confining pressure is applied to inhibit sample expansion, essentially a pre-consolidation pressure is applied to the sample. With further back pressure saturation, the gas will take longer to dissolve in the water and higher pore water pressure. If carbon dioxide is used as auxiliary saturated gas, although the carbon dioxide can be dissolved in water quickly, the sample saturation time is reduced, the national requirement on the storage management of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder is high, and the management difficulty of a laboratory is certainly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a triaxial sample of saturated sand.
The preparation method of the triaxial sample of the saturated sand comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing samples from sand in a film bearing cylinder according to a layered compaction method;
step 2, after the sample preparation in the step 1 is finished, the film bearing cylinder is clamped between an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate of a saturator, and the whole film bearing cylinder is placed into the saturator to be vacuumized and then soaked for saturation;
step 3, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate of the saturator are disassembled under water, the whole sample and the membrane bearing cylinder are moved to an organic glass, then an organic glass circular plate is arranged at the upper port of the membrane bearing cylinder in a state that the sample is immersed in water, the diameter of the organic glass circular plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the membrane bearing cylinder, a rubber membrane turned down at the upper part of the membrane bearing cylinder is turned up to surround the organic glass circular plate, the rubber membrane on the organic glass circular plate is hooped by a rubber membrane ring, a through hole is formed in the organic glass circular plate, a section of hard plastic pipe is embedded in the through hole and is externally connected with a rubber hose to serve as a joint, the rubber pipe is connected with the joint, and water is absorbed by a water absorbing ball, and when the rubber pipe is fully filled with water, the rubber pipe is clamped by a spring clamp, so that a section of water pipe is formed in the rubber pipe; keeping the triaxial apparatus base immersed by water, horizontally supporting the organic glass below the sample, integrally moving the sample onto the triaxial apparatus base, and extracting the organic glass after moving the sample in place; because the top of the sample and the rubber membrane are not provided with gas, water in the sample cannot flow out of the water permeable plate at the lower part of the sample under the action of atmospheric pressure;
step 4, downwards turning the rubber membrane turned outwards at the lower part of the membrane bearing cylinder onto a triaxial apparatus base, and tightening the rubber membrane on the base by using a rubber band; pumping proper amount of water through rubber tube connected to the joint of the glass circular plate to form slight negative pressure inside the sample and to make the sample stand under the action of atmospheric pressure; then lifting the film bearing cylinder upwards to separate the film bearing cylinder from the rubber film;
step 5, immediately enclosing the sample by using three valves or a split membrane after the membrane bearing cylinder is taken down, tightly hooping an elastic band, and then detaching the water absorbing ball to enable the interior of the sample to be communicated with the atmosphere; at the moment, the sample cannot collapse due to the enclosing effect of the three valves or the split mold; then the rubber film ring on the organic glass circular plate is taken down, and the organic glass circular plate is taken out;
step 6, installing a pressure head of the triaxial sample, then operating the triaxial apparatus to apply negative pressure to the sample, and detaching three valves or split dies around the sample, so that the sample can stand under the action of the negative pressure; the sample size can then be measured according to conventional triaxial apparatus operating procedures, the triaxial apparatus confining pressure cavity shroud installed and the test started.
In the above technical scheme, the membrane bearing cylinder is a cylinder with upper and lower openings, and the cylinder wall is provided with an air tap.
In the technical scheme, the height of the film bearing cylinder is the height of the sample and the thickness of the 2 water permeable plates.
In the above technical solution, step 1 includes the following steps:
a) A rubber film is sleeved in the film bearing cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of the rubber film are respectively turned out of the upper end and the lower end of the film bearing cylinder, and the turned-out parts are fastened by rubber bands; then sucking air between the film cylinder and the rubber film through an air tap at the outer side of the film cylinder by using a water absorbing ball, so that the rubber film is tightly attached to the inner wall of the film cylinder;
b) Placing the water permeable plate for test on a tabletop, placing the sheared round filter paper sheets, and sleeving the lower port of the film bearing cylinder sleeved with the rubber film on the water permeable plate;
c) Preparing a sample by layered compaction or compaction, wherein the quality of each layer of soil is determined according to test requirements;
d) When the sample reaches a preset height, the filter paper and the water permeable plate are placed on the top of the sample, and the top surface of the water permeable plate is basically flush with the top of the film bearing cylinder.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, firstly, a sample is prepared in the film bearing cylinder according to a layered compaction method, then the sample is moved to the triaxial apparatus, the non-cohesive soil sample stands on the triaxial apparatus base like a cohesive soil sample by utilizing negative pressure, and then the sample is installed for normal sample flow, so that the damage to the triaxial apparatus is avoided, a plurality of samples can be prepared for standby use, and the test efficiency is high. The method avoids careful wing operation on a triaxial apparatus, and the prepared sample is relatively uniform and has small discreteness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a layered compaction method for sand in a membrane cartridge.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a membrane cartridge placed in a saturator with vacuum infusion saturation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sample standing on a triaxial apparatus base under negative pressure after a film carrier is removed.
Other relevant drawings may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art from the above figures without undue burden.
Detailed Description
In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the solution of the present invention, the following describes the solution of the present invention with reference to specific embodiments.
This example illustrates the technical solution of the present invention using a sand sample of 39.1mm diameter, which is common in laboratory.
In addition to conventional test auxiliary parts such as rubber films, water permeable plates, water absorbing balls and the like, the invention needs the following auxiliary parts:
1) The height of the film-bearing cartridge, which is different from the conventional test film-bearing cartridge, is particularly required, and the height of the film-bearing cartridge=the sample height h+2×the height of the water-permeable plate. The other characteristics are the same as those of the conventional film bearing cylinder, the film bearing cylinder is a cylinder with upper and lower openings, an air tap 1.1 is arranged on the cylinder wall, and the inner diameter is 39.1 mm+the thickness of the rubber film.
2) 1 rubber film ring, whose inner diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the sample, the ring height is about 10mm, and has ductility.
3) 1 organic glass circular plate, the diameter of which is 38mm, the thickness of which is 10 mm-20 mm, a through hole with the diameter of about 8 mm-10 mm is reserved at the central position of the organic glass circular plate, and a section of hard plastic pipe is embedded in the through hole and externally connected with a rubber hose as a joint.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a method for preparing a triaxial sample of saturated sand includes the steps of:
and step 1, preparing samples from sand in a film bearing cylinder according to a layered compaction method. The method comprises the following detailed steps:
a) Referring to figure 1, a rubber film 2 is sleeved in a film bearing cylinder 1, the upper end and the lower end of the rubber film 2 are respectively turned out of the upper end opening and the lower end opening of the film bearing cylinder 1 by 3cm-5cm, and the turned-out part is fastened by a rubber band 3; the membrane bearing cylinder 1 is a cylinder with upper and lower openings, the cylinder wall of the membrane bearing cylinder is provided with an air tap 1.1, the air tap 1.1 of the membrane bearing cylinder 1 is connected with a water absorption ball, and the water absorption ball is used for absorbing redundant air between the membrane bearing cylinder 1 and the rubber membrane 2, so that the rubber membrane 2 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the membrane bearing cylinder 1;
b) Placing the water permeable plate 4 for test on a table top, placing cut round filter paper sheets, and sleeving the lower port of the film bearing cylinder sleeved with the rubber film on the water permeable plate 4;
c) Preparing a sample by layered compaction or compaction, wherein the quality of each layer of soil is determined according to test requirements;
d) When the sample reaches a preset height, the filter paper and the water permeable plate 5 are placed on the top of the sample, and the top surface of the water permeable plate is basically flush with the top of the film bearing cylinder.
And 2, after the sample preparation in the step 1 is finished, referring to fig. 2, the film bearing cylinder is clamped between an upper pressing plate m and a lower pressing plate n of the saturator, and the whole is placed into the saturator, vacuumized and then soaked for saturation. See GB/T50123-2019 geotechnical test method Standard 4.6.
And 3, disassembling an upper pressing plate m and a lower pressing plate n of the saturator under water, integrally moving a sample and a film bearing cylinder onto an organic glass, installing a glass circular plate 7 at an upper port of the film bearing cylinder in a state that the sample is immersed in water, carefully turning up a rubber film 2 turned down at the upper part of the film bearing cylinder 1 to surround the organic glass circular plate 7, hooping the rubber film on the organic glass circular plate by using a rubber film ring 8, reserving a through hole with the diameter of about 8-10 mm at the central position of the organic glass circular plate, embedding a section of hard plastic pipe in the through hole and externally connecting a rubber hose as a joint 7.1, connecting the rubber pipe on the joint 7.1, absorbing water by using a water absorbing ball, and clamping the rubber pipe by using a spring clamp when the rubber pipe is fully filled with water, so as to form a section of water pipe in the rubber pipe.
Keeping the triaxial apparatus base immersed by water, horizontally supporting the organic glass below the sample, and integrally moving the sample onto the triaxial apparatus base (after moving the sample in place, extracting the organic glass); because the top of the sample and the rubber membrane are not provided with gas, water in the sample cannot flow out from the water permeable plate at the lower part of the sample under the action of atmospheric pressure.
Step 4, turning down the rubber membrane 2 turned outwards at the lower part of the membrane bearing cylinder 1 onto the triaxial apparatus base 6, and tightening the rubber membrane on the base 6 by using the rubber band 3, wherein the water draining valve on the base should be closed; the water absorbing ball is used for extracting proper amount of water through a rubber tube connected with a joint 7.1 of the machine glass circular plate 7, so that slight negative pressure is formed inside the sample, and the sample can be kept standing under the action of atmospheric pressure; then carefully lifting the film bearing cylinder 1 upwards to separate the film bearing cylinder 1 from the rubber film 2, taking care not to separate the rubber film ring 8 of the fastening on the upper part of the rubber film.
In this step, the upper ram of the triaxial apparatus may not be used instead of the organic glass circular plate 7 of the present invention, and although the sample can be left standing by giving negative pressure to the sample by using the drain pipe on the upper ram of the triaxial apparatus, the membrane-bearing cartridge cannot be lifted and removed due to the existence of the drain pipe of the upper ram and the mounting knob thereof.
Step 5, immediately enclosing the sample by using three valves or a split membrane after the membrane bearing cylinder 1 is taken down, tightly hooping an elastic band, and then detaching the water absorbing ball to enable the interior of the sample to be communicated with the atmosphere; at the moment, the sample cannot collapse due to the enclosing effect of the three valves or the split mold; then, the rubber film ring 8 on the organic glass disk 7 is removed, and the organic glass disk 7 is taken out.
And 6, installing a pressure head of the triaxial sample, and then operating a triaxial apparatus control system to apply negative pressure of about 5kPa to the sample. At this time, the three valves or split molds around the specimen are removed, and the specimen is kept standing under the negative pressure. The sample size can then be measured according to conventional triaxial apparatus operating procedures, the triaxial apparatus confining pressure cavity shroud installed and the test started.
Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature's illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "under" other elements or features would then be oriented "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" may encompass both an upper and lower orientation. The device may be otherwise positioned (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
The foregoing has described exemplary embodiments of the invention, it being understood that any simple variations, modifications, or other equivalent arrangements which would not unduly obscure the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The preparation method of the triaxial sample of the saturated sand is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing samples from sand in a film bearing cylinder according to a layered compaction method;
step 2, after the sample preparation in the step 1 is finished, the film bearing cylinder is clamped between an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate of a saturator, and the whole film bearing cylinder is placed into the saturator to be vacuumized and then soaked for saturation;
step 3, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate of the saturator are disassembled under water, the whole sample and the membrane bearing cylinder are moved to an organic glass, then an organic glass circular plate is arranged at the upper port of the membrane bearing cylinder in a state that the sample is immersed in water, the diameter of the organic glass circular plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the membrane bearing cylinder, a rubber membrane turned down at the upper part of the membrane bearing cylinder is turned up to surround the organic glass circular plate, the rubber membrane on the organic glass circular plate is hooped by a rubber membrane ring, a through hole is formed in the organic glass circular plate, a section of hard plastic pipe is embedded in the through hole and is externally connected with a rubber hose to serve as a joint, the rubber pipe is connected with the joint, and water is absorbed by a water absorbing ball, and when the rubber pipe is fully filled with water, the rubber pipe is clamped by a spring clamp, so that a section of water pipe is formed in the rubber pipe; keeping the triaxial apparatus base immersed by water, horizontally supporting the organic glass below the sample, integrally moving the sample onto the triaxial apparatus base, and extracting the organic glass after moving the sample in place; because the top of the sample and the rubber membrane are not provided with gas, water in the sample cannot flow out of the water permeable plate at the lower part of the sample under the action of atmospheric pressure;
step 4, downwards turning the rubber membrane turned outwards at the lower part of the membrane bearing cylinder onto a triaxial apparatus base, and tightening the rubber membrane on the base by using a rubber band; pumping proper amount of water through rubber tube connected to the joint of the glass circular plate to form slight negative pressure inside the sample and to make the sample stand under the action of atmospheric pressure; then lifting the film bearing cylinder upwards to separate the film bearing cylinder from the rubber film;
step 5, immediately enclosing the sample by using three valves or a split membrane after the membrane bearing cylinder is taken down, tightly hooping an elastic band, and then detaching the water absorbing ball to enable the interior of the sample to be communicated with the atmosphere; at the moment, the sample cannot collapse due to the enclosing effect of the three valves or the split mold; then the rubber film ring on the organic glass circular plate is taken down, and the organic glass circular plate is taken out;
step 6, installing a pressure head of the triaxial sample, then operating the triaxial apparatus to apply negative pressure to the sample, and detaching three valves or split dies around the sample, so that the sample can stand under the action of the negative pressure; the sample size can then be measured according to conventional triaxial apparatus operating procedures, the triaxial apparatus confining pressure cavity shroud installed and the test started.
2. The method for preparing a triaxial sample of saturated sand according to claim 1, characterized in that: the film bearing cylinder is a cylinder with upper and lower openings, and the cylinder wall is provided with an air tap.
3. The method for preparing a triaxial sample of saturated sand according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the film bearing cylinder is the height of the sample and the thickness of the 2 water permeable plates.
4. The method for preparing a triaxial sample of saturated sand according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 1 comprises the following steps:
a) A rubber film is sleeved in the film bearing cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of the rubber film are respectively turned out of the upper end and the lower end of the film bearing cylinder, and the turned-out parts are fastened by rubber bands; then sucking air between the film cylinder and the rubber film through an air tap at the outer side of the film cylinder by using a water absorbing ball, so that the rubber film is tightly attached to the inner wall of the film cylinder;
b) Placing the water permeable plate for test on a tabletop, placing the sheared round filter paper sheets, and sleeving the lower port of the film bearing cylinder sleeved with the rubber film on the water permeable plate;
c) Preparing a sample by layered compaction or compaction, wherein the quality of each layer of soil is determined according to test requirements;
d) When the sample reaches a preset height, the filter paper and the water permeable plate are placed on the top of the sample, and the top surface of the water permeable plate is basically flush with the top of the film bearing cylinder.
CN202111544717.9A 2021-12-16 2021-12-16 Preparation method of triaxial sample of saturated sand Active CN114397154B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111103185A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-05 石河子大学 Spinning type coarse-grained soil triaxial experiment sample preparation device and sample preparation method
WO2020103356A1 (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Specimen preparation method for eliminating membrane penetration effect on highly-weathered rock
CN212275392U (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-01-01 哈尔滨理工大学 A can inhale formula system appearance device for sandy soil triaxial experiment

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020103356A1 (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-05-28 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Specimen preparation method for eliminating membrane penetration effect on highly-weathered rock
CN111103185A (en) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-05 石河子大学 Spinning type coarse-grained soil triaxial experiment sample preparation device and sample preparation method
CN212275392U (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-01-01 哈尔滨理工大学 A can inhale formula system appearance device for sandy soil triaxial experiment

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
饱和砂土试样的初始各向异性研究;郭莹;莫颜保;;防灾减灾工程学报(第02期);全文 *

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