TWI410628B - Method and apparatus for making heavy soil sample - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for producing heavy mold soil sample

The invention provides a technical field for preparing a heavy-mould soil test body, in particular to a technical method and a device thereof for preparing a heavy-mould soil test body, which is easy to control the quality of the test piece, saves manpower, and can produce uniform weight. Model tester.

The test specimens used in the laboratory tests of the soil include the field sampling and the heavy mold test. For heavy-molded specimens that produce cohesive soils, layered compaction is a frequently used method.

The method of making the layered compacted heavy-duty sample is to determine the dry soil weight of the test piece after determining the volume and dry weight of the heavy-mould test piece, and determine the required layer size according to the number of layers to be layered and compacted. The weight of the dry soil, and then the layers of soil are tamped in the test mold to a predetermined height to complete the entire test body. Before the completion of the test preparation for the test operation, the general test method requires that the saturated soil test body be used, that is, the soil pores are filled with water. For heavy-duty specimens of cohesive soils, the use of layered compaction in the test specimens has the following disadvantages, which in turn affects the overall uniformity, tightness and saturation;

1. It is difficult to control the tightness of each level, and form the different unit weights at different levels, while the overall dry unit weight is the average value of the unit weight of each level, rather than the actual unit weight of the uniform distribution.

2. The layering is easy to form a smooth layer, and the interface soil particles are not completely embedded with the upper and lower layers, which is easy to cause discontinuity of the layered position.

3. Due to its low permeability, the saturation of the sample must take a long time to complete.

4. During the saturation process, degassing water may flow upward along the interface between the sample and the rubber film through the bottom end of the sample, so that the inside of the sample body is not fully saturated.

5. Since the test equipment must perform the saturation of the test body, if the waiting time for saturation is increased, the sample can not be used for other test work during the saturation period.

The traditional cohesive heavy-model test body is produced by artificially layered and compacted. It must have skilled technology to maintain the standard quality of the test piece, and it takes a long time for the subsequent sample saturation work to take place. carry out.

The traditional cohesive heavy-model test body is produced by artificially layered and compacted. It must have skilled technology to maintain the standard quality of the test piece, and it takes a long time for the subsequent sample saturation work to take place. carry out.

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a heavy-mould soil test body and a device thereof, which comprises a test body mold set under a reaction force frame, and a piston pneumatic cylinder is arranged on the bottom surface of the reaction plate. The rack is placed in a water storage bucket filled with water, the sample mold set has three test body mold stacks, and the interface thereof is provided with an annular water permeable gasket, and the test mold group is disposed through the inner hole to be completely mixed with the degassed water. Soil, and the pressure shaft push rod and the pressure cover plate of the piston pneumatic cylinder are moved and pressurized to the inner hole of the test body mold group, and the pressure gas drives the pressure shaft push rod and the pressure cover plate to pressurize the soil, in the test body After the compaction is completed, the test body can be ejected by using a jack, and the test body can be used for various tests. The quality control of the test piece of the present invention is easy, the manpower is saved, and a uniform heavy-duty test piece can be produced.

The method and apparatus for producing a heavy mold soil sample of the present invention have the following functions:

1. The production of the heavy mold is carried out by means of mechanical replacement, and the quality control of the sample is easy.

2. Personnel can operate by simple training. Because the pneumatic cylinder is used instead of manpower to carry out the process of compaction and compaction of the test body, the personnel do not need to bet on the prototype production process at all times, which can simplify the use of manpower.

3. The sample preparation process adopts the overall soil test soil amount required for the test design, and is uniformly mixed with the degassed water, and then placed in the R&D apparatus for production. The test piece has complete integrity and uniform distribution of tightness. And there is no layering and the interface is not continuous.

4. At the same time, the compacting action is performed during the production process of the sample body, and a uniform heavy mold sample body can be produced, and the process of completing the subsequent saturation state can be accelerated.

5. It is possible to make a normal compact and overpressured heavy mold test body according to the test design requirements.

6. The number and path of the drainage interface through the specially designed annular permeable gasket can shorten the drainage time and accelerate the completion of the compaction process.

7. The preparation of the test body and the improvement of the saturation can be completed in the test device, and the use time of the test equipment for the subsequent test content can be shortened, and the test equipment can be used in the "method and equipment for producing the heavy mold soil test body". When making a heavy-duty test piece, operate other test work at the same time and use it more efficiently.

The above-mentioned objects, structures and features of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. .

Referring to the first to sixth figures, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing a heavy mold soil sample, comprising:

a. Put the reaction frame (10) into the water storage tank (11) filled with water to keep the sample production system in the water;

b. Three test molds (21), (22), (23) are locked in order, but in the first and second test molds (21) and (22) or the second test mold (22) The first and second annular permeable gaskets (24) or (25) must be locked in the interval between the long test molds (23), and then the test mold set (20) is carefully moved to the reaction frame (10);

c. Lock the piston pneumatic cylinder (30) on the upper adjustment plate (12) on the reaction frame (10), and adjust the vertical and horizontal after locking;

d. Place the first permeable stone (40) on the bottom of the third inner hole (231) of the lower long test piece mold (23), and lock the test mold set (20) under the reaction force frame (10). Adjusting the disc (13), after completion, pay attention to whether the pressure mold pusher (31) on the test body mold set (20) and the piston pneumatic cylinder (30) are parallel and perpendicular;

e. Put the soil that has been thoroughly mixed with the degassed water into the first, second, and long test molds (21), (22), (23) first, second, and third inner holes (211), (221), (231);

f. adjusting the pressure regulating valve to push the piston pneumatic cylinder (30) to pressurize;

g. After the test body is compacted, use the pressure regulating valve to completely vent the pressure in the piston pneumatic cylinder (30). At this time, the pressure shaft push rod (31) will slowly rise, and then the reaction force frame can be used. (10) removing and then removing the test mold set (20);

h. After the removal, the second and long sample molds (22) and (23) of two different sizes of the test mold set (20) are separated.

i. Remove the upper adjustment plate (12) on the reaction frame (10), and install the two top earth adjustment plates (60), (70), and the two top earth adjustment plates (60) and (70) have openings in the center. (61), (71), the two openings (61), (71) are the same size as the through holes (201).

j. The jack (50) is tightly fixed by the nut between the adjusting plate (10) and the top adjusting plate (70), and the long test body mold (23) filled with the soil is used as a nut. It is tightly fixed between the two top earth adjusting plates (60) and (70) above the jack (50).

k. To operate the soil triaxial test, assemble the aluminum test piece (51) with the rubber film (52) on the inside and temporarily fix it with an O-ring (53). The vacuum pumping mechanism (54) is installed to perform vacuuming, so that the rubber film (52) is closely attached to the aluminum test body mold (51), and then corresponding to the reaction force frame (10), by the jack ( 50) The test piece was ejected into an aluminum test piece (51).

l. If other soil tests or test specimens do not require rubber film (52) coating, the jacks (50) will be used directly.

The apparatus for preparing a heavy mold soil sample body comprises: a pressure control system (not shown), a reaction force frame (10), a piston pneumatic cylinder (30) and a test body mold set (20). The pressure control system (not shown) supplies air and controls the piston pneumatic cylinder (30), and the piston pneumatic cylinder (30) is mounted on one of the reaction frames (10) to adjust the bottom of the disk (12). And the lower adjustment disc (13) of the reaction frame (10) is provided with the test mold set (20), and one of the piston pneumatic cylinders (30) is properly actuated by the pressure shaft push rod (31). The body mold set (20) penetrates the inner hole (201), and the test piece penetrating through the inner hole (201) is properly compacted.

A decompression step can be added between the steps f and g, that is, if the overmolded test piece is to be produced, the decompression action can also be performed.

The piston pneumatic cylinder (30) uses the pressure of the air to push the pressure shaft push rod (31) to perform compaction of the heavy mold, and the lower end of the pressure shaft push rod (31) is a press cover (32). And a plurality of water-permeable grooves (321) are designed to increase the drainage path. In order to prevent the soil from being squeezed out by the water-permeable groove (321), a second permeable stone is added to the bottom of the pressure-covering plate (32) ( 33).

The reaction frame (10) is intended to be able to add the three sets of test pieces (21), (22), (23) and the piston pneumatic cylinder (30) into the reaction frame (10). The upper adjustment plate (12) of the upper part is adjustable for up and down movement.

The pressure control system (not shown) includes: a plurality of pressure gauges and a plurality of pressure regulating valves installed on a pipeline connecting the piston pneumatic cylinder (30) to a piston cylinder, and the number and the number of the pressure regulating valves are adjusted The pressure gauge immediately displays the adjusted pressure value to effectively control the pressure. An air compressor is connected to the gas storage tank to replenish the compressed gas when the pressure in the gas storage tank is insufficient.

The sample mold set (20) comprises: two first and second sample molds (21) and (22) being hollow cylinders having first and second inner holes (211) and (221) penetrating through, and a circle The two ends of the cylinder are provided with flanges and flanges with a plurality of holes for bolts to be locked, and bolts are used to form a locking structure, and the bottom surfaces of the two first and second test body molds (21) and (22) are annularly permeable. a screw hole locked by the gasket bolt is matched with the bolt to form a fixed structure; a long test body mold (23) is a hollow cylinder having a third inner hole (231) penetrating through, and a flange is arranged at both ends of the cylinder. The flange is a hollow circular plate, and the flanges at both ends of the bottom surface of the cylinder are provided with a plurality of bolts for locking and opening, and the bolts are used to form a locking structure, and the bottom surface of one end has a cross-shaped drainage groove; two first and second rings The water permeable gaskets (24), (25), the first and second annular water permeable gaskets (24), (25) are assembled in two hollow cylinder test molds (21), (22), (23) At the interface, and separately bolted to the bottom surfaces of the first and second test body molds (21), (22); the test mold set (20) is assembled from top to bottom, overlapping two One or two test bodies The molds (21) and (22) are fixed to the bottom surface of the upper first test piece mold (21) by bolts with a first annular water-permeable gasket (24), and then bolted to the first two and two test pieces. Body molds (21), (22); the long test body mold (23) is stacked under the two first and second test body molds (21), (22), and the interface is a second annular water-permeable gasket (25) The bolt is fixed to the bottom surface of the second test body mold (22) above the long test body mold (23), and then the second test body mold (22) and the long test body mold (23) are locked by bolts; The drain groove of the bottom of the body mold (23) is a drain path of the bottom end of the test body. To prevent the soil from being squeezed out by this path, the height of the bottom of the third inner hole (231) of the long test piece (23) must be added. The first permeable stone (40) is the same as the depth of the drainage channel.

In the process of making a heavy mold sample, the whole soil sample soil required for the test design is uniformly mixed with the degassed water, and then placed in the device of the present invention, and the pressure is pushed by the piston pneumatic cylinder (30). The shaft push rod (31) and the pressure cover plate (32) are compacted, and the test piece has complete integrity and uniform tightness distribution. Since the long test piece mold (23) has a height of 200 mm, the height of the test piece can be up to 200 mm, and the heavy mold test piece is pushed out through the hydraulic jack (50), which is sufficient for various soil indoor tests, and the excess test body The length can be sampled separately and multiple tests are carried out at the same time. Since the test body production process is soil compaction, the length of the drainage path and the number of drainage interfaces are important factors that affect the completion of compaction. According to the one-way compaction theory of Terzaghi (1925):

among them:

T _v : time factor of compressive density

c _v : compaction coefficient

t : time required to complete the pressure density

h : soil thickness

n : number of drainage interfaces

Therefore, when T _v and c _v are constant values, the number of drainage interfaces (n) increases from 1 to 2 under the same soil layer thickness, and the time required to complete the compaction (t) is 1/4 of the original. Similarly, under the same number of drainage interfaces, the soil thickness (h) is reduced from 1 to 1/2, and the time required to complete the compaction (t) is 1/4 of the original.

The present invention is provided between the sample molds [the first sample mold (21) and the second sample mold (22), and the second sample mold (22) and the long sample mold (23)] The first and second annular permeable gaskets (24) and (25) have the function of shortening the drainage path, that is, increasing the number of drainage interfaces and reducing the thickness of the soil layer, so that the first and second rings can be installed in the compaction process. The position of the permeable gaskets (24) and (25) is such that the pore water has a drainage pipe, which dissipates the excess pore water pressure, accelerates the compaction and the completion of the test body production.

The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art can change and modify the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes and modifications shall be covered in the scope defined by the following patent application.

(10). . . Reaction frame

(11). . . Water storage bucket

(12). . . Upper adjustment plate

(13). . . Lower adjustment plate

(20). . . Test mold set

(201). . . Through hole

(twenty one). . . First sample mold

(211). . . First inner hole

(twenty two). . . Second test body mold

(221). . . Second inner hole

(twenty three). . . Long sample mold

(231). . . Third inner hole

(twenty four). . . First annular water permeable gasket

(25). . . Second annular water permeable gasket

(30). . . Piston pneumatic cylinder

(31). . . Pressure shaft push rod

(32). . . Pressurized cover

(321). . . Water permeable trench

(33). . . Second permeable stone

(40). . . First permeable stone

(50). . . jack

(51). . . Aluminum test body mould

(52). . . Rubber film

(53). . . O-ring

(54). . . catheter

(60). . . Top soil adjustment plate

(61). . . Opening

(70). . . Top soil adjustment plate

(71). . . Opening

First Figure: A perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Second Figure: A sectional view of a combination of an embodiment of the present invention.

The third figure is a schematic exploded view of the test mold set of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the combination of the test mold set of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the ejection test body of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the action of the ejection test body of the present invention.

(10). . . Reaction frame

(11). . . Water storage bucket

(12). . . Upper adjustment plate

(13). . . Lower adjustment plate

(20). . . Test mold set

(201). . . Through hole

(twenty one). . . First sample mold

(twenty two). . . Second test body mold

(twenty three). . . Long sample mold

(30). . . Piston pneumatic cylinder

(31). . . Pressure shaft push rod

(32). . . Pressurized cover

Claims (7)

A method for producing a heavy-mould soil test body, comprising: a. placing a reaction force frame in a water storage bucket filled with water to maintain the sample production system in water; b. Second, the long test body mold is locked in order, but in the interval between the first and second test body molds and the long test body mold, the first and second annular water-permeable gaskets must be locked first, and then the test mold set is carefully moved to On the reaction frame; c. Lock the piston pneumatic cylinder on the adjustment plate on the reaction frame, and adjust the vertical and horizontal after locking; d. Place a first permeable stone at the bottom of the long test piece and a third inside At the bottom of the hole, the test mold set is locked on the adjustment plate below the reaction force frame. After completion, it should be noted whether the test body mold set and the pressure shaft push rod above the piston pneumatic cylinder are parallel and perpendicular; e. The soil fully mixed with gas and water is placed in the inner hole of the test mold group; f. adjust the pressure regulating valve to push the piston pneumatic cylinder to pressurize; g. after the test body is compacted, use the pressure regulating valve to press the pressure in the piston pneumatic cylinder All vented, at this time the pressure shaft push rod will slowly rise, and then the reaction frame can be removed. The test mold set is removed; h. After the removal, the test piece set is separated by two different size second and long test pieces; i. The upper adjustment plate on the reaction frame is removed, and the top earth is loaded Adjusting plate, the center of the two top soil adjusting plate has an opening, the two holes are the same size as the third inner hole of the long test body mold; j. the jack is tightly fixed by the nut under the reaction frame, and the adjusting plate and the top earth are adjusted Between the plates, the long test piece filled with soil is tightly fixed between the two top soil adjustment plates above the jack with a nut; k. If the soil triaxial test is to be performed, the aluminum test piece is assembled on the inner side. The rubber film is placed on the O-ring for temporary fixing; the vacuum aspirator is installed on the vacuum aspirator to make the rubber film adhere to the aluminum test piece and then to the reaction frame. On the top, the test body is ejected from the jack to the aluminum test body mold; l. If other soil tests or test specimens are not required to be covered by the rubber film, the test body is directly used by the jack. The method for producing a heavy mold soil sample according to the first aspect of the patent application, wherein a step of decompressing can be added between the steps f and g, that is, if the overmolded test piece is to be produced, the decompression action can also be performed. . An apparatus for manufacturing a heavy mold soil sample according to the method of claim 1, comprising: a pressure control system, a reaction force frame, a piston pneumatic cylinder and a test body mold set, the pressure control system supplies air and Controlling the action of the piston pneumatic cylinder, the piston pneumatic cylinder is mounted on one of the reaction force frames to adjust the bottom of the disk, and one of the reaction force frame lower adjustment plate is provided with the test body mold set, and one of the piston pneumatic cylinders is The pressure shaft push rod is correctly moved in one of the test body mold sets to penetrate the inner hole, thereby correctly compacting the test piece passing through the inner hole. The apparatus for producing a heavy mold soil sample according to claim 3, wherein the sample mold group comprises: two first and second sample molds, each having a first and second inner holes, The first and second test body molds are provided with locking structures at both ends, and the first and second test body molds are provided with a fixed structure at one end, and a long test body mold is provided with a third inner hole, and the long test body mold is provided with a lock at both ends The solid structure has a cross-staggered drainage groove at one end and two first and second annular water-permeable gaskets. The first and second annular water-permeable gaskets are assembled at the two interfaces of the first, second and long test molds. And fixed by a fixed structure on the bottom surface of the first and second test body molds, and the first and second test body molds and the second and long test body molds are fixed by a locking structure to form a test body mold set. The drainage groove at the bottom of the long test piece mold is the drainage path at the bottom end of the test body. In order to prevent the soil from being squeezed out from the path, the height of the bottom of the third inner hole of the long test piece must be the same as the depth of the drainage groove. A first permeable stone. The apparatus for producing a heavy mold soil sample according to the fourth aspect of the invention, wherein the piston type pneumatic cylinder uses the pressure of the air to push the pressure shaft push rod to further compact the test piece by the pressure of the test piece. The lower end of the shaft push rod is provided with a pressure cover plate, and a plurality of water-permeable grooves are designed to increase the drainage path. In order to prevent the soil from being squeezed out by the water-permeable groove, a second permeable stone must be installed at the bottom of the pressure plate. The apparatus for producing a heavy mold soil sample according to claim 5, wherein the reaction frame can be installed with the sample mold set and the piston pneumatic cylinder, and the upper part of the reaction force frame is The upper adjustment plate is adjustable for up and down movement. The apparatus for producing a heavy mold soil sample according to claim 6, wherein the pressure control system comprises: a plurality of pressure gauges and a plurality of pressure regulating valves installed on a pipeline connecting the piston pneumatic cylinders to a gas cylinder By adjusting the number of pressure regulating valves and immediately displaying the adjusted pressure value of the pressure gauge, the pressure can be effectively controlled, and an air compressor is connected to the gas storage tank to replenish the compressed gas when the pressure of the gas storage tank is insufficient.