CN114395623B - 一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物及其试剂盒和应用 - Google Patents
一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物及其试剂盒和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物及其试剂盒和应用,属于分子生物检测技术领域。本发明采用焦磷酸测序技术,可对人源的PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因特定位点进行甲基化检测。应用本发明通过检测人粪便中脱落细胞多基因甲基化程度,可用于鉴别早期结直肠癌和健康人群,其检测灵敏度及准确性高,对于结直肠癌的早期发现和早期治疗具有重要的临床意义,为高危人群的无创筛查提供了新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物检测技术领域,具体涉及一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物及其试剂盒和应用。
背景技术
肿瘤(Tumor)是生命有机体的某一部分组织的细胞发生变异增生而形成的,在各种致癌因子的作用下,细胞的生长失去了正常控制,形成了肿瘤。大肠癌是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,包括结肠癌和直肠癌。虽然采取多学科综合诊治 (MDT)模式,但大肠癌的发病率与死亡率仍然维持上升趋势,并呈现出年轻化的趋势。大肠癌起病隐匿,病程较长,预后与早期诊断密切相关,多数早期大癌患者可以得到治愈,5年生存率在90%以上,晚期患者则不足10%,但现实中多数患者发现时已属于中晚期。目前的研究发现多数大肠癌是由良性腺瘤性息肉转变化而来,这一演化发展大概需要5-15年,这就为早期诊断提供了时间窗。因此开展无症状人群的早筛以发现癌前病变及早期大肠癌并进行根治性切除是降低大肠癌远期发病率和死亡率的关键(Dinh T,Ladabaum U,Alperin P,et al.Healthbenefits and costeffectiveness of a hybrid screening strategy for colorectalcancer[J].Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology:the official clinicalpractice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association,2013,11(9):1158-1166; Dinh T,Ladabaum U,Alperin P,et al.Health benefits andcosteffectiveness of a hybrid screening strategy for colorectal cancer[J].Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology:the official clinical practicejournal of the American Gastroenterological Association,2013,11(9):1158-1166)。目前用于大肠癌早筛的方法有多种,但各有利弊,仍没有一种适合于大规模的临床早筛方法。如血清肿瘤标志物、粪便隐血试验(FOBT)、结直肠气钡双重造影等非侵入性检查方法,虽然经济、方便,但影响因素较多,从而降低了早筛效能。相较之下,内镜检查在诊断方面具有较高的敏感性和特异性,且能够活检而受到临床医生的推崇(Mandel JS,BondJH, Church TR,et al.Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screeningfor fecal occult blood.Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study[J].The NewEngland journal of medicine,1993,328(19):1365-1371)。但作为一种侵入性检查方法,其检查成本及对患者的依从性较高,在操作者技术水平及经验低下的情况下,有镜检肠道穿孔及息肉切除后出血甚至死亡的风险,这些因素都大大限制了它在大肠癌早筛中的广泛应用。
大肠癌发生是一个多步骤、多基因功能异常的结果,大体可归纳为以下3个方面:①原癌基因的激活与抑癌基因的失活;②错配修复基因功能失活;③DNA 甲基化异常。研究表明,众多基因的异常改变在大肠癌的早期阶段及癌前病变中就已发生,并可在患者的外周血、粪便等体液中检测到。大肠癌一般发生于结直肠上皮组织中,先向肠腔内生长,在其生长过程中,不断有肿瘤细胞脱落到肠腔内并随粪便排出,粪便中脱落的肿瘤细胞中含有特殊的成分(如发生了突变和甲基化的人类基因)可作为肿瘤标志物。因此只要采用适当方法把外周体液中脱落的肿瘤细胞中的DNA提取出来,检测相关突变基因及表观遗传学标记,就可用于大肠癌的早期诊断、预后监测、治疗方案指导等众多方面(Sidransky D,TokinoT,Hamilton SR,et al.Identification of ras oncogene mutations in the stool ofpatients with curable colorectal tumors[J].Science(New York,N.Y.),1992,256
(553):102-105)。基于血液DNA检测开展大肠癌筛查的最大缺陷在于缺乏组织特异性,因为目前发现的肿瘤标记物在大肠癌以外的肿瘤中往往也存在。与血液相比,以粪便样本为基础的检测存在巨大优势:由于结直肠腺瘤和早期癌都发生在肠道内并与粪便直接接触,脱落的肿瘤细胞会直接混在粪便中,不仅组织特异性强,收集的肿瘤DNA量也明显更高;此外,粪便DNA检测不受饮食等因素影响,样本的采集和保存也更为方便。研究表明,结直肠上皮细胞更新速度很快,成人每天有近1010个肠上皮细胞脱落入肠腔随粪便排出体外,每克新鲜粪便中就约含有105个肠上皮细胞,而肿瘤细胞的更新脱落速度更快(AhlquistDA,Taylor WR,Mahoney DW,et al.The stool DNA test is more accurate than theplasma septin 9 test in detecting colorectal neoplasia[J].Clinicalgastroenterology and hepatology:the official clinical practice journal of theAmerican Gastroenterological Association, 2012,10(3):272-7)。因此利用粪便样本开发无创性、灵敏度特异性高的临床大肠癌筛查技术成为可能。
焦磷酸测序技术应用于甲基化检测,可以弥补传统MS-PCR、BSP、MS-HRM、 COBRA等技术的缺陷,被认为是甲基化检测的金标准。该技术可对目标甲基化位点进行定性和定量检测,并得到精确的甲基化程度数据。
因此,寻找新的目标基因用于大肠癌的检测,对肿瘤的诊断和预后评估有重要的作用。
发明内容
针对上述不足,本发明提供了一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物及其试剂盒和应用,本发明采用焦磷酸测序技术,可对人源的PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因特定位点进行甲基化检测。应用本发明通过检测人粪便中脱落细胞多基因甲基化程度,可评估与发生结直肠癌的关系,其检测灵敏度及准确性高,对于结直肠癌的早期检测、预后和风险评估具有重要的意义,为高危人群的无创筛查提供了帮助。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一方面,本发明提供了一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物,所述的基因包括 PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因。
具体地,所述的检测PAX8的引物组合物包括:
扩增PAX8基因的特异性引物:
PAX8-F:5'-GGGGGTTAGGGGATTTTGATTATA-3';
PAX8-R:Biotin-TCCRAAATAATCCCATCCAAC;
焦磷酸测序引物:PAX8-S:5'-ATGGAGTTGTGAGGT-3';
所述的检测RASSF1的引物组合物包括:
扩增RASSF1基因的特异性引物:
RASSF1-F:5'-TTTATTTATTGGGTGGGGTAGGA-3';
RASSF1-R:Biotin-5'-CCTCAAAATCACCATCCAACCTCTAC-3';
焦磷酸测序引物:RASSF1-S:5'-GGGAGATAGGTTAGTAGTTTTA-3';
所述的检测SFRP2的引物组合物包括:
扩增SFRP2基因的特异性引物:
SFRP2-F:5'-GATTAGGGATAATTAGGTAAAAGGAGTT-3';
SFRP2-R:Biotin-5'-ATTCATCCCCTACCTACCAAAAAACACC-3';
焦磷酸测序引物:SFRP2-S:5'-AGTTAGAGATATTAGATTTTAGG-3'。
具体地,所述的引物PAX8-R、RASSF1-R及SFRP2-R的5'端被生物素标记。
另一方面,本发明提供了上述引物组合物在制备肿瘤检测试剂盒中的应用。
具体地,所述的肿瘤包括结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌等。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种肿瘤检测试剂盒,所述的试剂盒包括上述引物组合物。
具体地,所述的试剂盒还包括核酸提取试剂、亚硫酸氢盐处理试剂、PCR 扩增体系、PCR产物的单链纯化试剂、焦磷酸测序试剂。
进一步具体地,所述的核酸提取试剂包括粪便悬浮液。
进一步具体地,所述亚硫酸氢盐处理试剂包括10mM氢醌溶液 (Hydryquinone)和3.6mol/LNaHSO3。
进一步具体地,所述的PCR扩增体系还包括2*Buffer、dNTP、KOD酶和纯水。
优选的,所述的PCR扩增体系包括用于扩增PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因CpG岛DNA片段的特异性引物,PAX8-F、PAX8-R、RASSF1-F、RASSF1-R、 SFRP2-F、SFRP2-R。
进一步具体地,所述的单链纯化试剂包括链亲和素包被的磁珠、70%(V/V) 乙醇、变性液、1×Wash Buffer、结合缓冲液、退火缓冲液。
进一步具体地,所述的焦磷酸测序试剂包括对所获得的核酸扩增片段进行焦磷酸测序的引物,PAX8-S、RASSF1-S和SFRP2-S。
优选的,所述的测序试剂还包括DNA聚合酶、ATP硫酸化酶、荧光素酶、三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶、底物APS、荧光素及dNTP。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种检测PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因甲基化的方法,所述的方法为非疾病诊断或治疗方法,所述的方法包括利用上述引物组合物或试剂盒采用焦磷酸测序对样本进行检测。
具体地,所述的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)收集人源样本,提取样本中人源DNA;
(2)将提纯的DNA进行亚硫酸氢盐处理;
(3)以步骤(2)中的DNA作为模板,使用本发明所述引物PAX8-F和PAX8-R 扩增PAX8基因片段,同时使用引物RASSF1-F和RASSF1-R扩增RASSF1基因片段,同时使用引物SFRP2-F和SFRP2-R扩增SFRP2基因片段,获得PCR扩增产物;
(4)取步骤(3)中的PCR扩增产物进行琼脂糖电泳,检测是否扩增成功;
(5)若步骤(4)中扩增成功,则进行单链纯化;
(6)利用焦磷酸测序引物SFRP2-S、RASSF1-S及SFRP2-S对步骤(5)中的单链纯化产物进行测序;
(7)根据步骤(6)中的焦磷酸测序结果,得到每个CG位点的甲基化改变情况及发生频率。
具体地,所述的步骤(3)的扩增反应条件为:95℃15分钟;94℃30秒, 56℃30秒,72℃30秒,45个循环;72℃10分钟。
具体地,所述的步骤(5)单链纯化的步骤为:将得到的PCR产物与链亲和素包被的磁珠及结合缓冲液混合,室温孵育10-15min,期间震荡2-3次,然后使用Vaccuum prep tool吸取磁珠,将带有磁珠的Vaccuumprep tool先后放进70% (V/V)乙醇、变性液、1×WashBuffer中清洗10s左右,再将Vaccuumprep tool放入含有退火缓冲液及焦磷酸测序引物的96孔板中,释放磁珠,将该96孔板放置于80℃2min,再冷却至室温,即得到测序反应所需的单链纯化产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极和有益效果在于:
本发明将焦磷酸测序技术应用于PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因CpG岛甲基化状态的检测,利用设计出的特异性引物扩增后,目标产物片段分别为166bp、 141bp及166bp。随后通过测序引物进行焦磷酸测序,检测出目标片段的甲基化频率,PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因甲基化水平与是否发生结直肠癌有直接关系,操作简便,可行性强,准确性高,具有临床诊断和指导意义。同时,本发明所述的引物组合物或试剂盒的检测特异性好、灵敏度高,可用于易感人群的大规模、无创性筛查。
附图说明
图1为PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因焦磷酸测序结果演示图。
图2为PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因预测性能评价ROC图。
图3为甲基化联合指标sDNA性能评价ROC图。
图4为健康人群与结直肠癌患者目标片段甲基化程度柱状图。
图5为不同检测方法ROC曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步详细的阐述,下述实施例不用于限制本发明,仅用于说明本发明。以下实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
临床标本检测:收集10例临床样本,其中5例为肠镜检查健康人粪便样本 (HSG),5例病理确诊为结肠癌患者术前粪便样本(CSG)。按本发明所述引物、方法,对人源核酸进行抽提、亚硫酸氢盐处理、PCR扩增、纯化等步骤,利用焦磷酸测序,得到甲基化发生率(检测结果示意图见图1)。人源核酸抽提、质检按常规商品化试剂盒操作,焦磷酸测序具体步骤如下:
步骤一:甲基化修饰
1、在200μL PCR薄壁管中准备甲基化修饰体系:DNA溶液(500-1000ng,最多20μL)、RNase-free water、亚硫酸盐混合液85μL、DNA保护溶液35μL,总体积140μL;
2、盖上管盖并彻底混匀,室温放置(15-25℃);
3、用PCR仪来进行DNA转化,设置反应条件如下:
4、将PCR薄壁管放入PCR仪中并启动循环;
步骤二:纯化亚硫酸盐修饰的DNA
1、亚硫酸盐修饰结束,离心PCR薄壁管,将反应液转移到1.5mL离心管中;
2、在每个管中分别加310μL新鲜准备的Buffer BL(含有10μg/mL carrier RNA),涡旋混合并短暂离心(DNA总量小于500ng时添加)。在每个管中分别加250μL无水乙醇,涡旋混合15s;
3、将EpiTect spin columns放入收集管中,将上一步骤的溶液移至柱中;
4、13000rpm离心1min,弃去滤液,将柱子放回收集管中;
5、在每个柱子中加入500μL Buffer BW(wash buffer),13000rpm离心1min,弃去滤液,将柱子放回收集管中;
6、在每个柱子中加入500μL Buffer BD(脱磺酸基溶液),室温孵育15min;
7、13000rpm离心1min,弃去滤液,将柱子放回收集管中;
8、在每个柱子中加500μL Buffer BW,13000rpm离心1min,弃去滤液,将柱子放回收集管中;
9、重复步骤8一遍;
10、在每个柱子中加250μL无水乙醇,13000rpm离心1min,弃去滤液。将柱子放入新的2mL收集管中,13000rpm心1min以除去所有残留液体;
11、打开柱子的盖子并放入新的1.5mL离心管中,室温放置2min;
12、将柱子放入新的1.5mL离心管中,在柱子的膜正中滴加20μL Buffer EB,13000rpm离心1min以洗脱纯化的DNA;
步骤三:甲基化PCR
1、利用本发明的引物进行PCR扩增,体系如下:
3、反应条件:95℃15min,(94℃30s;56℃*30s;72℃30s)x45 cycles; 72℃10min;
步骤四:焦磷酸测序
1、需要准备的仪器与耗材:
真空工作站;用于混匀磁珠的混匀仪;加热模块(80℃);PSQ 96 Plate Low; 96孔板和封膜;96孔加热板
2、需要准备的试剂:
已扩增好的生物素标记的PCR产物;链霉亲和素包被的磁珠;测序引物;纯水;乙醇(70%);Binding Buffer;Annealing buffer;Denaturation solution; Washing Buffer;PyroMark Gold Q96 kit;
3、单链PCR产物纯化:
(1)单个样本的最终体积为80uL,包含20uL PCR产物+3uL 磁珠+40uL BindingBuffer+17uL纯水;
(2)封膜,14,00rpm振荡10min;
(3)在真空工作站的4个试剂槽中加入相应的试剂:110mL 70%乙醇;90mLDenaturation solution;110mL Washing Buffer;180mL纯水;
(4)打开真空泵,清洗探针后关闭真空开关;
(5)在PSQ 96 Plate Low加入40uL Annealing buffer,1.6uL测序引物(10 uM);
(6)将(2)处理后的PCR产物板和PSQ 96 Plate Low放在相应的位置上;
(7)打开真空开关,将探针小心的放入PCR产物板约15s,以捕获包含模板在内的磁珠;
(8)观察PCR产物板,保证所有的磁珠均被转移到探针上;若孔内有残留或者仍有白色的磁珠,探针可能需要被替换;
(9)将探针转到液体槽1(含有70%乙醇),让乙醇冲洗探针约5s,将探针转到液体槽2(含有Denaturation solution),冲洗探针约5s,将探针工具转到液体槽3(含有WashingBuffer),冲洗探针约10s,提起探针,垂直90度,数秒;
(10)将探针垂直放置在PSQ 96 Plate Low板上方,关掉真空开关;放入板内,摇晃数秒以释放磁珠;
(11)将探针工具转到液体槽4(含有纯水),冲洗10s;
(12)关掉真空开关,将探针放回Parking Position;
4、引物退火步骤:
(1)加热PSQ 96 Plate Low板,80℃,2min;
(2)加热完成后取出,放置在室温下,备用;
5、在PyroMark CpG软件中建立assay和run;输入样本信息;点击View-run,查阅所需要的酶、底物和核苷酸体积资料;
6、准备焦磷酸测序用Q96卡夹,具体步骤:
(1)将粉末状的酶和底物分别加入620uL纯水进行充分溶解;
(2)将Q96卡夹贴有标签页的方向对准操作者,按照5中所确定的体积将相应试剂加入相应的孔,确保没有气泡产生;
7、测序:
(1)将4中准备好的PSQ 96 Plate Low板和6中准备的Q96卡夹放入PyroMark GoldQ96测序仪的相应位置;
(2)打开PyroMark CpG软件,联机,点击“开始”键进行测序反应;
(3)测序反应完成后,打开机器盖子和卡夹盖子,取出Q96卡夹和已测序完毕的PSQ96Plate Low板,用纯水清洗卡夹,重复4次;
步骤五:测序结果分析,对测序结果进行分析和统计。
同时采用传统qPCR的方法进行单位点检测,结果如表1。
表1不同方法甲基化检测结果对比
从表1中对比可以看出,本发明所述方法与qPCR法结果较为一致,但qPCR 法仅能进行单个CG位点的检测,从而判断是否发生甲基化,不能判断该CG位点的甲基化程度,且每个CG位点需要一对引物,对于多靶点的检测有局限性。本发明所述方法,可同时检测多个CG位点的甲基化情况,并可检测出每个CG 位点的甲基化程度,且标本可批次上样,通量较高。
实施例2:PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因甲基化性能探索
收集人粪便标本150例,其中早期结肠癌(TNM I与II期)患者75例,健康人75例。将所有标本按本发明进行PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因特定区域甲基化检测(具体方法同实施例1),得到每个甲基化位点信息,通过ROC曲线,筛选出评价性能较优的位点,即AUC≥0.6的甲基化位点,结果见图2。
图2-A为PAX8基因筛选出的5个甲基化位点,图2-B为RASSF基因筛选出的2个甲基化位点,图2-C为SFRP2基因筛选出的2个甲基化位点。将上述3 基因的9个候选甲基化位点通过逻辑回归,筛选得到sDNA复合指标用于早期结肠癌的粪便DNA筛查,其ROC曲线见图3,AUC达到0.864。
实施例3:临床应用评估
收集人粪便标本250例,其中早期结肠癌(TNM I与II期)患者125例,健康人125例,肠癌患者的临床病理特征如表2所示。将所有标本按本发明进行 PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因特定区域甲基化检测(具体方法同实施例1),得到多靶点的甲基化状态及程度,对焦磷酸测序结果进行统计分析,得出多靶点的sDNA复合指标,绘制AUC曲线,计算sDNA复合指标对早期结肠癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性。并将sDNA与常规的结肠癌筛查临床指标进行联合及对比。
表2结肠癌患者临床指标分布特征
(1)收集患者的年龄、性别、血清CEA指标、FIT指标、肿瘤位置、TNM 分期、组织分化等指标,并将患者组与健康组随机分为训练集与测试集。从表2 中可以看出,训练集与测试集的样本临床指标见无明显差异性。
(2)图4中可见,健康人群与患者群PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因甲基化程度有显著性差异。
表3各指标诊断灵敏度、特异性及曲线下面积
参数 | 灵敏度 | 特异性 | AUC(95%CI) |
血清CEA | 29.6% | 100.0% | 0.648(0.580-0.716) |
FIT | 62.4% | 96.8% | 0.796(0.738-0.854) |
sDNA复合指标 | 73.6% | 84.0% | 0.859(0.815-0.904) |
sDNA复合指标+FIT | 80.0% | 93.6% | 0.918(0.884-0.952) |
(3)通过回归分析、ROC曲线,可以看出PAX8、RASSF1、SFRP2基因甲基化指标表现出对早期结肠癌良好的灵敏度和特异性,强于目前常用的血清癌胚抗原CEA及粪便隐血检测FIT指标,联合FIT指标后,AUC可达0.918(见表3、图5),具备很好的预测能力,且这种预测能力在测试集样本中得到了验证。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 上海市杨浦区中心医院(同济大学附属杨浦医院)
<120> 一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物及其试剂盒和应用
<130> 20211205
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Claims (3)
1.一种基因甲基化检测引物组合物在制备结肠癌早期诊断试剂盒中的应用,其特征在于,通过检测人粪便中脱落细胞所述基因甲基化程度来进行结肠癌的早期诊断;所述的基因为PAX8、RASSF1及SFRP2基因;所述引物组合物由检测PAX8甲基化的引物组、检测RASSF1甲基化的引物组和检测SFRP2甲基化的引物组组成;
检测PAX8甲基化的引物组为:
扩增PAX8基因的特异性引物:
PAX8-F:5'-GGGGGTTAGGGGATTTTGATTATA-3';
PAX8-R:Biotin-TCCRAAATAATCCCATCCAAC;
焦磷酸测序引物:PAX8-S:5'-ATGGAGTTGTGAGGT-3';
检测RASSF1甲基化的引物组为:
扩增RASSF1基因的特异性引物:
RASSF1-F:5'-TTTATTTATTGGGTGGGGTAGGA-3';
RASSF1-R:Biotin-5'-CCTCAAAATCACCATCCAACCTCTAC-3';
焦磷酸测序引物:RASSF1-S:5'-GGGAGATAGGTTAGTAGTTTTA-3';
检测SFRP2甲基化的引物组为:
扩增SFRP2基因的特异性引物:
SFRP2-F:5'-GATTAGGGATAATTAGGTAAAAGGAGTT-3';
SFRP2-R:Biotin-5'-ATTCATCCCCTACCTACCAAAAAACACC-3';
焦磷酸测序引物:SFRP2-S:5'-AGTTAGAGATATTAGATTTTAGG-3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的试剂盒还包括核酸提取试剂、亚硫酸氢盐处理试剂、PCR扩增体系、PCR产物的单链纯化试剂、焦磷酸测序试剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述的核酸提取试剂包括粪便悬浮液;
所述亚硫酸氢盐处理试剂包括10mM氢醌溶液和3.6mol/L NaHSO3;
所述的PCR扩增体系还包括2*Buffer、dNTP、KOD酶和纯水;
所述的单链纯化试剂包括链亲和素包被的磁珠、70%(V/V)乙醇、变性液、1×WashBuffer、结合缓冲液、退火缓冲液;
所述的测序试剂还包括DNA聚合酶、ATP硫酸化酶、荧光素酶、三磷酸腺苷双磷酸酶、底物APS、荧光素及dNTP。
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