CN114380649A

CN114380649A - Preparation method of enzyme fertilizer suitable for tobacco

Info

Publication number: CN114380649A
Application number: CN202111573884.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 帅红; 谭波; 李秋利; 李福元; 王飞; 王雪; 王晶; 林昆; 张福光; 陈元良; 袁洪
Original assignee: Wuxi Branch Of Chongqing Company China Tobacco Corp
Current assignee: Wuxi Branch Of Chongqing Company China Tobacco Corp
Priority date: 2021-12-21
Filing date: 2021-12-21
Publication date: 2022-04-22

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting, in particular to a preparation method of an enzyme fertilizer suitable for tobacco, which comprises the following steps: (1) raw material treatment: selecting vegetable leaves or melons and fruits as raw materials, cleaning the raw materials, and removing excessive water; (2) slicing/blocking: slicing or dicing the raw materials of the vegetable leaves or the melons and fruits; (3) loading in a jar: putting the cut vegetables or melons and fruits into a jar, and uniformly stirring; (4) fermentation: the jar opening is closed completely, anaerobic fermentation is adopted, stirring is carried out once every 15 days, the fermentation time is more than 75 days, and the ferment fertilizer is obtained, so that the problems of pollution and waste can be solved, and the problems of soil hardening, root diseases and influence on the flue-cured tobacco can be solved.

Description

Preparation method of enzyme fertilizer suitable for tobacco

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of a preparation method of an enzyme fertilizer used in a tobacco crop planting process, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an enzyme fertilizer suitable for tobacco.

Background

The ferment bacteria technology is an agricultural biotechnology invented by the Nippon Pangyi's microorganism specialist Ishiji also in the 40 th century. The following 3 applications are mainly available in the planting industry: fermented compost and soil yeast are prepared by using enzyme bacteria to improve soil; organic fertilizer fermented by zymophyte, such as high-grade granular fertilizer and organic fermented liquid fertilizer; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to improve the quality of crops. Since the introduction of the ferment bacteria technology into China in 1994, the ferment bacteria technology has been introduced and popularized by more than 10 provinces such as Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning and the like, has a very realistic significance for promoting the adjustment of agricultural industrial structures and the development of ecological agriculture, and is an agricultural biotechnology which is very worthy of popularization and application.

Zymophyte is now widely used in various areas of the crop production industry. In the aspect of grains, researches on variegated stones and the like show that the matched application of the ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer and the fertilizer can obviously promote the yield of corn plants to be improved. Huangtao et al found that the important quality parameters of organic rice using ferment bacterial manure are improved to different degrees. Researches such as Liu Shi Chi right and the like find that the application of the ferment bacteria on rice has a promoting effect on the growth of the rice. In the aspect of vegetables, the application of the ferment bacterium bio-organic fertilizer is researched in the Xiandong and the like, so that the absorption of nutrient elements by the pepper roots can be promoted, the contents of protein and Vc of fruits can be improved, and the yield per unit area can be increased. Research results of the duckweed and the like show that the ferment bacterium organic fertilizer can also promote fleshy root of the carrot, increase of the transverse diameter of the fleshy root and the single root weight, and obviously improve the quality of the radish tuberous root. The high-yield celery research shows that the tomato yield can be remarkably improved by applying the enzyme bacterial fertilizer or the enzyme bacterial fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer in a matched manner, and the soluble solid of the tomato can also be remarkably improved by applying the enzyme bacterial fertilizer. The study of the swallowwort sans discovers that the ferment bacterial fertilizer has a remarkable growth promoting effect on tomatoes, improves the yield and the quality, and remarkably improves the nutrient content of soil. Zhanghua and the like find that the ferment bacteria compost is fast to rot, the returning effect is best, and the yield of the rice can be increased by 7.0%. In addition, the ferment bacteria compost can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and enhance the permeability and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. The test results of Zhongjin Hua and the like show that the application of the ferment bacterial manure can form a reasonable microbial community in soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the straight soil removal and salt inhibition capability of the straight-wheel moist soil.

The effect test of the enzyme bacterial manure applied to garlic researched by Mabaoguo shows that the application of the enzyme bacterial manure can improve the yield and the quality of garlic, enable soil to form a reasonable microbial community, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the soil fertility. The Wangjunhong and the like find that the ferment bacterial manure has an active effect on improving the ecological environment of the ginseng planting soil. Experiments of applying the Zygomycetes compost to tomatoes in a protected area show that the growth condition of crops can be obviously improved by applying the ferment compost, and the technical problems that the growth of crops is affected due to disease aggravation, soil salinization, fertility reduction and the like caused by continuous cropping and large-amount application of fertilizers in the protected area are solved.

Although the ferment fertilizer is widely applied to various fields of large agriculture, the research on the ferment fertilizer applied to tobacco is few at present, and only royal jade is found and the like to preliminarily explore the application of the ferment bacterial fertilizer to the flue-cured tobacco, and the results show that the application of the ferment bacterial fertilizer can improve the soil structure and the fertility of the tobacco, has no adverse effect on the internal quality and chemical components of the tobacco, and can alleviate the harm of climate spot disease and alternaria alternate.

At present, the social competition is increasingly intense, the environmental protection consciousness is increasingly deepened into people, the planting of the green ecological high-quality tobacco leaves is one of important ways for improving the income of farmers, meeting the industrial requirements and increasing the social benefits, and the enzyme solution has very wide prospect in the production of green tobacco.

In the patent of application No. CN201811105090.5 discloses a preparation method of ferment fertilizer, select vegetable leaf and/or melon and fruit as the raw materials, added a certain amount of brown sugar and ferment microbial inoculum, compound ferment cost for present stage has reduced certain cost, but brown sugar and ferment microbial inoculum regard as auxiliary raw materials, add according to the percentage of thick liquid gross weight, the cost is still higher, and the technology is troublesome relatively simultaneously, and the pertinence of tobacco demand is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that vegetable leaves and/or melons and fruits are selected as raw materials, brown sugar and an enzyme microbial inoculum are selected as auxiliary raw materials and added according to the percentage of the total weight of the pulp, the cost is still high, the invention provides a method for preparing the enzyme fertilizer suitable for tobacco, which comprises the following steps:

(1) raw material treatment: selecting vegetable leaves or melons and fruits as raw materials, cleaning the raw materials, and removing excessive water;

(2) slicing/blocking: slicing or dicing the raw materials of the vegetable leaves or the melons and fruits;

(3) loading in a jar: putting the cut vegetables or melons and fruits into a jar, and uniformly stirring;

(4) fermentation: and (3) totally closing the jar opening, performing anaerobic fermentation, and stirring once every 15 days for over 75 days to obtain the ferment fertilizer.

Further limiting, the vegetable leaves are Chinese cabbage leaves;

further limited, the melon and fruit is watermelon.

The method uses raw materials for direct fermentation, does not need to add water, brown sugar, ferment bacteria and other raw materials, reduces steps, and is also suitable for wide popularization and application.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. compared with the ferment fertilizer disclosed in application number CN201811105090.5 and the preparation method thereof, brown sugar and ferment bacteria are not needed as auxiliary raw materials, so that the preparation steps are reduced, the preparation cost is reduced, the preparation is relatively simple, and the ferment fertilizer can be widely popularized and used.

2. The Chinese cabbage and the watermelon are common leaves and fruits, can be replaced by vegetable residues and fruit residues, and are not easy to cause pollution and waste.

3. The soil can be repaired, the soil is restored to be healthy, and the plant diseases and insect pests are greatly reduced; and secondly, chemical substances such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, swelling agents and the like are not used, so that secondary pollution of soil and crops is reduced, and the plant diseases and insect pests are greatly reduced.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Example 1:

selecting Chinese cabbage leaves as a raw material, cleaning the Chinese cabbage leaves, removing excessive water, slicing or dicing the Chinese cabbage leaves, putting the Chinese cabbage leaves into a jar, uniformly stirring, fully sealing the mouth of the jar, performing anaerobic fermentation, stirring once every 15 days, and fermenting for more than 75 days to obtain the ferment fertilizer.

Example 2:

selecting watermelon as a raw material, cleaning the watermelon, removing excessive water, slicing or cutting the watermelon into pieces, putting the slices or pieces into a jar, uniformly stirring, fully sealing the mouth of the jar, and stirring once every 15 days by adopting anaerobic fermentation for over 75 days to obtain the ferment fertilizer.

4 treatments are set for the field with the same fertility, each treatment is 3 times repeated, each treatment is repeated for 3 rows, each row is 38 plants, the test adopts a random block design, and the treatments are as follows:

process 1 (CK): clear water is used as a contrast, and the same amount of clear water is added in the treatment every time the ferment fertilizer is added, so that the influence of water on tobacco plants is avoided;

treatment 2 (ferment bacteria fermentation compost, hereinafter referred to as bacterial manure): adding 80kg of the fertilizer into the base fertilizer according to the fertilizer specification, and subtracting 18kg of the base fertilizer per mu in the same ratio;

treatment 3 (ferment fertilizer made of Chinese cabbage, hereinafter referred to as Chinese cabbage fertilizer): no additional fertilizer is applied, 160g of the fertilizer is used for replacing, and the fertilizer is applied by three times;

treatment 4 (ferment fertilizer made from watermelon, hereinafter referred to as watermelon fertilizer): no additional fertilizer is applied, 160g of the fertilizer is used for replacing, and the fertilizer is applied by three times;

applying each processed farmyard manure according to 150 kg per mu, wherein the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 8: 12: 25 degerming fertilizers are applied according to 80kg bacterial manure per mu, and other treatments are applied according to 35kg basic fertilizers per mu according to the application in economic and technical indexes

The goal of 5% reduction in fertilizer was achieved with 2 kg additional top application for treatments 1 and 2 compared to treatments 3 and 4, with the remaining levels of fertilization inhibited and with a transplant density of 1100 plants/acre, as detailed in table 1.

Table 1 different treatment fertilization comparison units: kg/mu, g/plant

In the test process, indexes such as main agricultural operation conditions, growth period, botanical traits, agronomic traits, main disease occurrence conditions, yield and the like of each treatment are measured and recorded. For sampling tobacco leaves at different parts of each treatment, a detection mechanism is requested to analyze chemical components of the tobacco leaves.

Disease investigation is carried out according to the research record of tobacco disease and insect pest grading and investigation method, 100 plants are investigated at fixed points for each treatment, and the calculation formula is as follows:

incidence rate (number of diseased plants/total investigated plants) X100%;

disease index is 100 × Σ (number of diseased leaves at each stage × representative value at each stage)/(total number of examined leaves × representative value at highest stage);

the absolute prevention effect calculation formula (effect%) is 100 × (disease index in control area-disease index in treatment area)/disease index in control area.

As can be seen from Table 2, there is no significant difference between the growth period of the flue-cured tobacco and the control, which indicates that the bacterial manure and the ferment manure have little influence on the growth period of the flue-cured tobacco.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco

Unit: sky

The whole growth period of the flue-cured tobacco is investigated for 4 times, and the investigation is finished after the tobacco plant enters the cluster period and is measured every 10 days until the harvest begins. As can be seen from Table 3, the stem circumference, leaf length, leaf width, effective leaf number and plant height of treatments 3 and 4 were all higher than those of the control in each measurement, indicating that the growth vigor of treatments 3 and 4 during growth was slightly better than that of the control, and that the stem circumference, pitch, leaf length and leaf width of treatment 2 were slightly worse than that of the control at the later stage, but the leaf number was slightly better than that of the control in each measurement. The six agronomic performance indexes of each treatment have no significant difference.

TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco

Unit: cm, piece

The land used in the test is a land with a history of black shank in the past year, the root diseases are investigated in the whole growth period, only the black shank is found, other root diseases such as bacterial wilt and the like do not occur, and the record is started from the discovery of the disease. As can be seen from table 4, the control of treatment 1 found the diseased plant at the earliest, the diseased plant appeared from 7 months and 9 days, the data of each repeat region were checked, two repeat regions had diseased plants, but only one of the diseased plants was heavier, and the rest was lighter; and 2 diseased plants are found in the test area for treating 2 bacterial manure in 24 days after 7 months, the disease occurrence is light, the disease index is only 0.67, and no diseased plant is found in the other two treatments. According to the comparison of statistical treatment 3 and treatment 4 with the control, the absolute control effect reaches 100 percent, and the absolute control effect of treatment 2 with the control reaches 77.96 percent.

TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on root-tuber diseases

Unit: the strains and the contents thereof

The leaf spot diseases are investigated in the whole growth period, and as is shown in table 5, the disease is found in 24 days at 6 months at the earliest by the TMV disease, the disease is found in all three treatments except for the treatment of the 4 watermelon manure, but the disease is relatively mild, the three treated disease are found to be self-cured in the last investigation by the TMV treated in the first three treatments, the symptoms are in a recessive state, the TMV symptoms of the disease appearing in 10 days at 8 months do not disappear, no symptom disease is found (note: the disease investigation is carried out at a fixed point, the problem of the disease before the disease is missed), the disease of the TMV occurring in the treatment of the 4 watermelon manure is later by one month than the first three treatments, the disease is found in 24 days at 7 months for the first time, and the disease incidence and index of the second investigation have a remarkable disease reduction trend. TMV occurred in all four treatments, but at a later time of 4, but the onset was mild with no significant difference between the four treatments.

The four treatments all find the red star disease strain in 8 months and 10 days, the morbidity and the disease index of the treatment 1 are consistent with those of the treatment 3, the watermelon fertilizer of the treatment 4 is slightly light, and the bacterial fertilizer of the treatment 2 is the lowest in the morbidity and the disease index. There were no significant differences between the four treatments. Therefore, different treatments have little influence on leaf spot diseases.

Table 5 units of effect of different treatments on leaf spot type diseases: the strains and the contents thereof

In the tobacco leaf picking and drying period, the weight change of tobacco leaves before and after picking and drying of the tobacco leaves at different parts of different processing areas is recorded, and the accumulation condition of dry matters in the growth process of each processed tobacco leaf is mainly observed. As can be seen from table 6, the single leaf weight and the dry-fresh ratio of the treatments 2, 3 and 4 are higher than those of the control clear water, which indicates that the dry matter accumulation in the leaves of the three treatments is higher than that of the control under the same weather conditions, the performance of the control is slightly better, the best performance is to treat 4 watermelon manure, the average value of the single leaf weight of the three parts is 16.08% higher than that of the control, the average value of the single leaf weight of the three parts is 12.82% higher than that of the control, the minimum difference between the three treatments and the control is bacterial manure, and the average value of the single leaf weight of the three parts is 9.51% higher than that of the control; in the aspect of dry-fresh ratio, the fertilizer is consistent with the condition of single leaf weight, the difference is that the fertilizer for the 4 watermelons is processed, the contrast is 8.52 percent higher, the fertilizer for the 3 Chinese cabbages is processed, and the fertilizer for the 2 bacteria is processed. In the control of 5-tobacco leaves in different parts, the proportion of the minor group (the grade without purchasing) is investigated, and the smaller the proportion of the minor group is, the more tobacco leaves can be purchased, the higher the yield of tobacco growers is and the better the quality is. As can be seen from Table 6, the minor group had the least proportion of the 4 watermelon manure, the average proportion of the three parts was only 2.13%, the 3 cabbage manure was treated, the bacterial manure was used, and the worst was the control. The three parts basically present the same rule, so it can be seen from table 6 that, of the four treatments, the tobacco leaves applied with the treated 4 watermelon fertilizer have more dry matter accumulation, the internal matter is fully transformed, the proportion of the cured side group tobacco leaves is smaller, and the second one shows that the 3 cabbage fertilizer is treated, and the contrast performance is the worst.

TABLE 6 Effect of different treatments on the cured tobacco

Unit: kg. Stem, slice, g%

As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, the influence of each treatment on the grade structure of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is significant, and by using variance analysis, the three treatments and the contrast show significant differences when the first-class tobacco proportion is at significant levels of 5% and 1%, but no difference exists between the bacterial manure and the Chinese cabbage manure, the watermelon manure treated by 4 shows significant difference with the first three treatments, the influence of the three treatments on the first-class tobacco proportion of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is significant, and the watermelon manure treated by 4 is most significant; the proportion of middle tobacco was also significantly different from the control at 5% and 1% significant levels, but the effect of bacterial manure on middle tobacco was not significant for treatment 3, which was slightly less than the control, but was significantly different from the control for treatments 3 and 4, and therefore, it was found from the analysis of variance that the application of treatment 3 and treatment 4 had significantly different effects on the hierarchical structure of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. The first-class smoke proportion is expressed as watermelon fertilizer more than cabbage fertilizer more than bacterial fertilizer more than contrast; the middle tobacco proportion is Chinese cabbage manure, watermelon manure, contrast and bacterial manure.

TABLE 7 statistics of different treatment acquisition grades

Unit: kg. Yuan

TABLE 8 influence of different treatments on the hierarchical Structure of the flue-cured tobacco leaves

Unit: is based on

As can be seen from Table 9, the difference of the effect of each treatment on the yield and the output value of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is significant, and by using variance analysis, the three treatments have significant difference with the control when the yield and the output value per mu are at 5% and 1%, the best effect is that the treatment 4 is 24.96% and 37.26% higher than the control, and the watermelon manure treated by the treatment 4 and the other 2 treatments show significant difference and 9.89% higher than the control. While the average price only shows that the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 show extremely obvious difference with the contrast at the obvious levels of 5 percent and 1 percent, and the treatment 2 and the contrast do not show difference at the obvious levels of 5 percent and 1 percent, so that the variance analysis shows that the application of the Chinese cabbage fertilizer and the watermelon fertilizer has extremely obvious influence on the acre yield, the acre yield and the average price of the baked tobacco leaves, while the application of the bacterial fertilizer has extremely obvious influence on the acre yield and the acre yield of the baked tobacco leaves and has no obvious influence on the difference of the average price. The yield per mu and the yield per mu are expressed as watermelon fertilizer more than bacterial manure than cabbage fertilizer, and the average price is expressed as watermelon fertilizer more than cabbage fertilizer more than bacterial manure more than clear water.

TABLE 9 Effect of different treatments on yield and value of flue-cured tobacco

Unit: kg, yuan, kg/yuan%

As can be seen from Table 10, the treatments 3 and 4 are better than the controls and 2 in comparison of the appearance quality of tobacco leaves, and particularly, the treatments 3 and 4 are superior in oil content and color to the first two treatments, and leaves are soft to the touch, elastic and sufficient in oil content.

TABLE 10 appearance quality of raw tobacco C3F of the reference varieties

As can be seen from Table 11, the chlorine content, the nitrogen content, the nicotine content and the potassium-chlorine ratio of the four treatments are all in the proper ranges, most of the reducing sugar content and the total sugar content of the 3 cabbage fertilizer and the 4 watermelon fertilizer are higher than those of the control, the reducing sugar is slightly higher in the proper range, so that the flexibility and the elasticity of the tobacco leaves are improved, the testing result is basically consistent with the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves, and the other indexes are not different greatly.

TABLE 11 Effect of different treatments on chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco

Unit: is based on

The nitrogen is a measure of physiological strength and a specific aroma index, and as can be seen from table 11, the nitrogen content of the tobacco leaves in the four different parts treated by the method is 1.57-2.54%, and is lower in a proper range, the nitrogen content of the B2F and the C3F of the treated 3 Chinese cabbage manure are both at the lowest level, the nitrogen content of the control treated by the method 1 is the highest, but only reaches 2.54%, and the nitrogen content of the three treatments and the control are at the same level. The nicotine content of the four treated parts is proper, and the highest content of the upper leaves of the treated part 1 is 3.25 percent and is lower than the standard maximum value of 3.5 percent.

The nitrogen-alkali ratio is an index for evaluating whether the tobacco meets the experience of smokers and the physiological strength and irritation, except that the nitrogen-alkali ratio of the treated 2 bacterial manure is slightly higher than a standard value, the rest is in a proper range, and the aroma and strength of the treated tobacco leaves can be more comfortable to experience. The nitrogen-alkali ratio of the processed 2 bacterial manure is less than or equal to 2, and the tobacco leaf smoking quality is not greatly influenced.

As can be seen from Table 11, except for X2F of treatments 1 and 3, the reducing sugar content of the tobacco leaves at each part of the treatments is in a proper range, the proper reducing sugar content can coordinate the fragrance of the tobacco and increase the fragrance concentration, the reducing sugar content of the tobacco leaves at 1X 2F is too low, the tobacco leaves have a irritating feeling during smoking evaluation, and the X2F of treatment 3 is too high, so that the irritation is reduced and the taste of the tobacco leaves is relatively flat.

The sugar-alkali ratio is used for measuring the smoking taste and the irritation of the tobacco leaves, has proper concentration and strength, has better fragrance, and is in a proper range except that C3F of treatment 4 and X2F of treatment 3 are slightly higher than standard values. The values of C3F in treatment 4 and X2F in treatment 3 are slightly higher than the standard value, and have little influence on the quality of tobacco leaf smoking. Both sugar ratios were within the range except treatment 3, which had slightly higher than normal X2F.

The potassium is an index for promoting the complete combustion, the B2F of the treatment 4 and the rest are in a proper value range, the B2F of the treatment 4 is close to a standard value, and the influence on the smoking quality of the tobacco leaves is little. The chlorine content of the tobacco leaves in each part of the four treatments is not greatly different and is about 0.2 percent and is within a proper range value. The potassium to chlorine ratio is an index for measuring combustibility, and all treatments are within a suitable value range.

In conclusion, the acre yield and the acre yield value of tobacco leaves can be effectively increased by applying the enzyme fertilizer prepared from the waste fruits and vegetables, the fertilizing amount of tobacco growers is reduced, and the enzyme fertilizer prepared from the fruit and vegetable wastes has certain fertilizer effect and certain influence on soil microorganisms by combining the research results of other people, so that the tobacco plants are promoted to grow vigorously, and the effects of increasing the yield and the income are achieved. According to test results, the chemical components of the roasted tobacco leaves are coordinated and are not obviously different from the control, but the roasted tobacco leaves are better than the control in the aspects of appearance quality and sugar content of internal components, and the test data shows that the yield per mu and the yield per mu are respectively watermelon fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer and Chinese cabbage fertilizer, the yield increasing effect of the watermelon fertilizer is optimal, the bacterial fertilizer and the watermelon fertilizer are respectively, and in the popularization process of the next year, the enzyme fertilizer can be firstly prepared from fruit fertilizers, and the effect is optimal.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is provided to facilitate the understanding of the method and its core concepts, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of an enzyme fertilizer suitable for tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: (1) raw material treatment: selecting vegetable leaves or melons and fruits as raw materials, cleaning the raw materials, and removing excessive water; (2) slicing/blocking: slicing or dicing the raw materials of the vegetable leaves or the melons and fruits; (3) loading in a jar: putting the cut vegetables or melons and fruits into a jar, and uniformly stirring; (4) fermentation: and (3) totally closing the jar opening, performing anaerobic fermentation, and stirring once every 15 days for over 75 days to obtain the ferment fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing ferment fertilizer suitable for tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the ferment fertilizer comprises: the vegetable leaves are Chinese cabbage leaves.

3. The method for preparing ferment fertilizer suitable for tobacco according to claim 1, wherein the ferment fertilizer comprises: the melon and fruit is watermelon.