CN114375893A

CN114375893A - Penaeus japonicus haydite filter bed culture system

Info

Publication number: CN114375893A
Application number: CN202210073267.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张哲�; 杨章武; 杨芳明
Original assignee: Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center)
Current assignee: Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center)
Priority date: 2022-01-21
Filing date: 2022-01-21
Publication date: 2022-04-22
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-21
Also published as: CN114375893B

Abstract

The invention relates to a penaeus japonicus ceramsite filter bed culture system which comprises a culture pond, a bottom layer bracket, a bolting-silk net and a ceramsite filter layer; the bottom layer support is erected at the bottom of the culture pond and used for supporting a ceramsite filtering layer, the bottom layer support forms a ceramsite filtering layer, a culture area above the ceramsite filtering layer and an erected empty area below the ceramsite filtering layer in the culture pond, and the bottom layer support is a sieve-shaped porous sieve plate with supporting legs; the bolting silk net is laid on a bottom layer bracket in the culture pond, the periphery of the bolting silk net is tightly attached to the pond wall of the culture pond, the edge of the bolting silk net is higher than the ceramsite filtering layer, and the bolting silk net is used for filtering water and enclosing ceramsite; the ceramsite filtering layer is laid on the bolting silk net, the ceramsite filtering layer is composed of a plurality of ceramsite, the ceramsite is porous ceramsite baked by pottery clay, and the ceramsite filtering layer is used for providing a sand-hiding environment and purifying water quality for the penaeus japonicus. The culture system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, manpower saving and emission reduction.

Description

Penaeus japonicus haydite filter bed culture system

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of prawn culture, in particular to a penaeus japonicus ceramsite filter bed culture system.

Background

Japanese prawn (Penaeus japonicus), commonly known as: flower shrimp, Japanese shrimp, flower tail shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and Penaeus chinensis belonging to Crustacea, Panupeformes, Penaeidae, and Penaeus, wherein the small shrimp is named as shrimp coin. The body is light yellow with blue brown transverse stripe pattern, and the tip of the tail is bright blue. The carapace is thick, the frontal angle is slightly in a bent arch shape, the upper edge is provided with 8-10 teeth, the lower edge is provided with 1-2 teeth, the lateral ditch of the frontal angle is deep and extends to the posterior margin of the skull, and the liver ridge and the stomach ridge are obvious. The posterior ridge of the frontal angle has a central sulcus. The first step is without a seat node thorn, the top end of the middle lobe of the male connector-connector is provided with a thick bulge, and the female connector-connector is cylindrical. The adult shrimp has female larger than male, body length up to 12-20 cm, weight of 20-25 g, and maximum weight of egg-laying parent shrimp up to about 95 g. The meat is delicious, and is resistant to the dew, suitable for live body transportation and sale, and has similar nutritive value to other prawns, but has excellent taste and taste, and is a high-grade seafood. The weight of the fish can reach more than 20 g after the fish is cultured for about 6 months.

However, the penaeus japonicus grows slowly and is not suitable for high-density culture, and the culture survival rate is low due to the degradation of the ecological environment of a water area, so that the culture yield is low and the price is high. The development of a novel culture system and a culture mode of the penaeus japonicus is of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the application provides a penaeus japonicus ceramsite filter bed culture system which solves the problems of low culture yield and low culture survival rate of the existing penaeus japonicus.

In order to realize the aim, the inventor provides a litopenaeus japonicus ceramsite filter bed culture system, which comprises a culture pond, a bottom layer bracket, a bolting-silk net and a ceramsite filter layer;

the bottom layer support is erected at the bottom of the culture pond and used for supporting the ceramsite filtering layer, the bottom layer support forms a culture area above the ceramsite filtering layer and an erected empty area below the ceramsite filtering layer in the culture pond, and the bottom layer support is a sieve-shaped porous sieve plate with supporting legs;

the bolting silk net is laid on a bottom layer bracket in the culture pond, the periphery of the bolting silk net is tightly attached to the wall of the culture pond, the edge of the bolting silk net is higher than the ceramsite filtering layer, and the bolting silk net is used for filtering water and enclosing ceramsite;

the ceramsite filtering layer is laid on the bolting silk net, the ceramsite filtering layer is composed of a plurality of ceramsite, the ceramsite is porous ceramsite baked by pottery clay, and the ceramsite filtering layer is used for providing a sand-hiding environment and purifying water quality for the penaeus japonicus.

Further optimizing, the ceramsite is porous spherical ceramsite sintered by argil.

Further optimizing, the diameter of the ceramsite is 2mm-5 mm.

Further optimizing, the mesh size of the bolting silk net is 40-60 meshes.

Further preferably, the bottom layer bracket is a plastic bracket.

Further optimizing, the culture pond is an industrial cement pond or a mulching film culture pond.

Further optimizing, still include oxygenation facility, the oxygenation setting includes the air stone, the water layer of air stone suspension above the haydite in breeding the pond.

Further optimization, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a water outlet.

Further optimization, the thickness of the ceramsite filter layer is between 5 and 10cm

Further optimization, a plurality of water inlets are arranged in a plurality of water inlet pipes laid in the overhead area below the ceramsite filtering layer, and the height of the overhead area is 10 cm.

Different from the prior art, according to the technical scheme, the bottom support is arranged in the culture pond, the culture pond is divided into a ceramsite filtering layer, a culture area above the ceramsite filtering layer and a vacant area below the ceramsite filtering layer, then the bolting-silk net is laid on the bottom support, namely the bolting-silk net is arranged in the culture area, the ceramsite filtering layer is laid on the bolting-silk net, the ceramsite filtering layer is composed of ceramsite with holes on the surface, the bolting-silk net fences the ceramsite to prevent the ceramsite from scattering, meanwhile, the meshes on the bolting-silk net can permeate water, and when the penaeus japonicus needs to be cultured, seawater is added into the culture pond, and the water depth is about 80 cm. The penaeus japonicus is cultured in the water body above the bolting silk net. Daily management such as feeding and water changing is carried out according to the Japanese prawn culture method. Since penaeus japonicus likes latent sand, the penaeus japonicus is buried in the ceramsite filtering layer for most of the time except for activities such as foraging and the like. The ceramsite filtering layer provides a buried substrate environment for the ceramsite filtering layer. The ceramsite has the function of purifying water quality by attaching a microbial film in water due to the porous structure of the ceramsite. The pool bottom overhead area enhances the water flow exchange at the bottom, accelerates the oxidation and metabolic decomposition of organic matters such as excrement, residual bait and the like in the culture pool, optimizes the growth environment of the penaeus japonicus, and can improve the growth speed and the culture survival rate of the penaeus japonicus. The culture system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, manpower saving and emission reduction.

The above description of the present invention is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be further implemented according to the content described in the text and drawings of the present application, and in order to make the above objects, other objects, features, and advantages of the present application more easily understood, the following description is made in conjunction with the detailed description of the present application and the drawings.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the principles, implementations, applications, features, and effects of particular embodiments of the present application, as well as others related thereto, and are not to be construed as limiting the application.

In the drawings of the specification:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Penaeus japonicus according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceramsite according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bottom layer of the bracket according to an embodiment

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature alarm module according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a water quality monitor according to an embodiment;

the reference numerals referred to in the above figures are explained below:

1. a culture pond is arranged in the culture pond,

2. a screen mesh of the silk screen is arranged,

3. a bottom layer bracket is arranged on the bottom layer,

4. a ceramsite filtering layer is arranged on the bottom of the ceramic particle,

5. the air stone is a mixture of air stone and water,

21. a ceramic particle,

22. the micro-pores are arranged on the outer wall of the shell,

31. a through-hole is formed in the substrate,

41. a processor for processing the received data, wherein the processor is used for processing the received data,

42. temperature sensor

43. An alarm device is arranged on the base plate,

44. a water quality sensor.

Detailed Description

In order to explain in detail possible application scenarios, technical principles, practical embodiments, and the like of the present application, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the listed embodiments. The embodiments described herein are merely for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and therefore, the embodiments are only used as examples, and the scope of the present application is not limited thereby.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "an embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or related to other embodiments specifically defined. In principle, in the present application, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any manner to form a corresponding implementable technical solution as long as there is no technical contradiction or conflict.

Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the use of relational terms herein is intended only to describe particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the present application.

In the description of the present application, the term "and/or" is a expression for describing a logical relationship between objects, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example a and/or B, meaning: there are three cases of A, B, and both A and B. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in a logical relationship of "or".

In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.

Without further limitation, in this application, the use of "including," "comprising," "having," or other similar expressions in phrases and expressions of "including," "comprising," or "having," is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, and such expressions do not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or article that includes the recited elements, such that a process, method, or article that includes a list of elements may include not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, or article.

As is understood in the examination of the guidelines, the terms "greater than", "less than", "more than" and the like in this application are to be understood as excluding the number; the expressions "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the present numbers. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more (including two), and expressions related to "a plurality" similar thereto are also understood, for example, "a plurality of groups", "a plurality of times", and the like, unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, spatially relative expressions such as "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used, and the indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the specific embodiments or drawings and are only for convenience of describing the specific embodiments of the present application or for the convenience of the reader, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component in question must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

Unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," "disposed," "laid" and the like used in the description of the embodiments of the present application are to be construed broadly. For example, the connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated arrangement; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate; which may be communication within two elements or an interaction of two elements. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains in accordance with specific situations.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the embodiment provides a haydite filter bed cultivation system for penaeus japonicus, which includes a cultivation pond 1, a bolting-silk net 2, a bottom layer bracket 3 and a haydite filter layer 4;

the culture pond 1 is a square or rectangular indoor cement pond, the area of each pond is 20-30 square meters, and the depth of each pond is 1.7 meters. The bottom of the culture pond 1 is provided with a slope, a water outlet is arranged at the lower part of the culture pond, wherein the water outlet is a floor drain type water outlet, and a pipe of the floor drain type water outlet controls water drainage.

The bolting silk net 2 is laid on a bottom layer bracket 3 in the culture pond 1, the periphery of the bolting silk net is tightly attached/fixed on the pond wall and is higher than the ceramsite filtering layer by more than 10 cm. The bolting silk net 2 is used for fence ceramsite 21; the screen silk net 2 has the main functions of blocking the ceramsite 21 and preventing the ceramsite 21 from falling into the bottom layer or losing along with drainage, and meanwhile, the screen silk net 2 is also used for enclosing the penaeus japonicus in a culture area and preventing the penaeus japonicus from entering other areas.

The bottom support 3 is erected at the bottom of the culture pond, the bottom support 3 is used for supporting a ceramsite filtering layer, the bottom support 3 forms a ceramsite filtering layer 4 and a culture area above the ceramsite filtering layer 4 and a support empty area below the ceramsite filtering layer 4 in the culture pond 1, and the bottom support 3 is a sieve-shaped porous sieve plate with supporting legs. The bottom layer bracket 3 is laid at the bottom of the culture pond 1; the bottom layer bracket 3 is a sieve-shaped porous sieve plate with supporting legs, and can support the bolting silk net 2 and the ceramsite filtering layer 4; the bottom layer bracket 3 makes the ceramsite filtering layer and the culture object overhead at the bottom of the tank, and the sieve-shaped sieve plates on the supporting legs can realize the exchange of water bodies above and below the ceramsite filtering layer, thereby improving the oxygenation efficiency of the water bodies.

The ceramsite filtering layer 4 is laid on the bolting silk net 2, the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is composed of a plurality of porous ceramsite 21, a plurality of micropores 22 are arranged on the ceramsite 21, and the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is used for providing a submerged environment for the penaeus japonicus and purifying water quality.

A bottom support 3 is arranged in a culture pond 1, the culture pond is divided into a ceramsite filtering layer 4, a culture area above the ceramsite filtering layer and a vacant area below the ceramsite filtering layer, a bolting-silk net 2 is laid on the bottom support 3, the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is arranged in the bolting-silk net 2, the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is composed of porous ceramsite 21, and the bolting-silk net 2 encloses the ceramsite 21 to prevent the ceramsite from falling into the bottom layer or losing along with drainage. Meanwhile, the bolting silk net 2 can permeate water through the meshes, when the cultivation of the penaeus japonicus is implemented, seawater with the depth of about 70cm is added into the cultivation pond 1, and the penaeus japonicus is cultivated in the water body above the bolting silk net 2. Since penaeus japonicus prefers latent sand, the penaeus japonicus is buried in the ceramsite filtering layer 4 for most of the time except for activities such as foraging and the like. The ceramsite filtering layer 4 provides a buried substrate environment for the ceramsite filtering layer. The ceramsite 21 is provided with a plurality of micropores 22, and the ceramsite 21 has the function of purifying water quality due to the porous structure and the attachment of a microbial film in water. The pool bottom overhead area enhances the bottom water flow exchange, improves the water oxygenation efficiency, accelerates the oxidation and metabolic decomposition of organic matters such as excrement, residual bait and the like in the culture pool, optimizes the growth environment of the penaeus japonicus, and can improve the growth speed and the culture survival rate of the penaeus japonicus. The culture system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, manpower saving and emission reduction.

According to the culture system, a ceramsite filter layer with an obvious ecological function and a pool bottom overhead structure are constructed according to the sand-submerging habit of the penaeus japonicus, so that bottom water flow exchange is enhanced, the oxidation and metabolic decomposition of organic matters such as excrement, residual bait and the like in a culture pool are accelerated, the growth environment of the penaeus japonicus is optimized, and the growth speed and the culture survival rate of the penaeus japonicus can be improved.

In other embodiments, the culture pond 1 may be a non-cement pond to lay a leak-proof mulching film to store and isolate silt. The bottom of the culture pond 1 can be a pot bottom type, and a water drainage hole is arranged in the middle. The culture pond 1 can also be circular, and the area of each pond can be properly increased and decreased.

Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the ceramic particles 21 are clay-fired porous spheres. The ceramsite 21 is a porous sphere fired by pottery clay, which can not only avoid scratching penaeus japonicus, but also has multiple pores to improve the surface area and the biological water purification capacity, and can effectively decompose organic matters such as residual baits, feces and the like. In other embodiments, the ceramsite 21 can be provided in other shapes, such as an ellipsoid shape.

In this embodiment, the diameter of the ceramsite 21 is 2mm-5 mm. The ceramsite 21 is set to be 2mm-5mm, so that the floating of the ceramsite is reduced, the sinking stability is improved, and the method is suitable for the submerged burying of the penaeus japonicus.

In this embodiment, the mesh size of the bolting silk net 2 is 40-60 mesh. The screen mesh diameter of the screen silk net 2 is smaller than the diameter of the ceramsite 21, so that the screen silk net 2 can block the ceramsite 21 to prevent the ceramsite from losing. The mesh size of the bolting silk net 2 is set to be between 40 and 60 meshes, so that the ceramsite 21 can be held, and the exchange efficiency of upper and lower water bodies of the ceramsite filter layer 4 can be ensured. Wherein, the mesh refers to a square screen with one inch, and the number of holes on the diagonal is the same. I.e. 40-60 mesh, i.e. the number of screen holes on the diagonal of the (1 inch x 1 inch) screen is 40-60.

In some embodiments, the bottom layer support 3 is a sieve-shaped porous plastic plate with supporting legs, and the sieve-shaped porous plastic plate can realize the exchange of water bodies above and below the ceramsite filtering layer, so that the oxygen increasing efficiency of the water body is improved.

In other embodiments, the bottom layer bracket 3 is a bamboo raft which is formed by weaving bamboo chips and is provided with a ceramic particle filtering layer 4 in an overhead manner. In other embodiments, the bottom layer support 3 may be made of stainless steel plate with through holes 31.

In some embodiments, the thickness of the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is between 5 and 10cm, and the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is arranged between 5 and 10cm, so that a good submerged environment is provided for the penaeus japonicus, the phenomenon that the water exchange above and below the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is influenced due to the excessive thickness of the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is avoided, and the cost for constructing the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is increased.

In some embodiments, the oxygen-increasing facility is further comprised, and the oxygen-increasing facility comprises an air stone 5, and the air stone 5 is suspended in a water layer above the ceramsite filtering layer 4 in the culture pond 1. A plurality of air stones 5 are suspended in a water layer above the ceramsite filtering layer 4 in the culture pond 1 and used for increasing oxygen for daily water bodies and providing oxygen for the penaeus japonicus. In the water was put into to air stone 5, air stone 5 was connected in air pump or air-blower through air hose, when needs air stone 5 carried out the oxygenation, air pump or air-blower carried out work of increasing the air, and gas entered into air stone 5 through air hose, was equipped with a lot of small gas pockets on air stone 5, after gas got into air stone 5, can produce the bubble in aqueous, and the bubble is dissolved in aqueous, reaches the purpose of dissolved oxygen oxygenation. Air is pressed into water, oxygen in the air is fully contacted with the water, so that part of the oxygen is dissolved into the water, and the oxygen content of the water is increased. In some embodiments, a water inlet pipe is laid in a vacant area below the ceramsite filtering layer 4, a plurality of water inlets are arranged, and the height of the vacant area is 10 cm; a water inlet pipe is laid in the overhead area, a plurality of water inlets are reserved, and a new water body is added into the culture pond through the water inlets; meanwhile, the height of the overhead area is set to be 10CM, so that the bottom water flow exchange is enhanced, and the water oxygenation efficiency is improved.

In some embodiments, the method of breeding penaeus japonicus is as follows: the culture system comprises a culture pond 1, oxygenation equipment and hidden facilities. The hidden facility is composed of a ceramsite filter layer 4, the ceramsite filter layer 4 is arranged in the culture pond 1 through a bolting silk net 2 and a bottom layer bracket 3, the ceramsite filter layer 5-10cm is arranged, the bolting silk net 2 is selected to be 40-60 meshes, the oxygenation equipment comprises an air stone 5, the air stone 5 is suspended in a water layer above the ceramsite filter layer 4 and used for daily water oxygenation to provide oxygen for the penaeus japonicus, seawater 40-50cm is added into the culture pond 1, and the air stone 5 is opened to carry out water oxygenation in the daily culture process. The penaeus japonicus can be hidden in the ceramsite filtering layer 4 in daytime and can go out for foraging at night. The fresh seawater is changed at regular time and a certain proportion every day. The cleaning is carried out once a month, when the cleaning is carried out, the air stone 5 is closed, seawater in the culture pond 1 is drained through the drain hole, the ceramsite filtering layer 4 is washed by a water gun, the ceramsite 21 is fully stirred, so that pollutants mixed in the ceramsite 21 in the ceramsite filtering layer 4 can be drained into the bottom of the pond through the bolting silk net 2 and the bamboo raft, then the pollutants are drained in a mode of draining the bottom of the pond, and the cleanness of the ceramsite 21 is ensured. After the cleaning is completed, fresh seawater is added again.

Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the system further includes a temperature alarm module, the temperature alarm module monitors the water temperature of the culture pond 1, and when the water temperature of the culture pond 1 exceeds a preset temperature range, an alarm signal is sent. Japanese prawn belongs to subtropical species, the optimum temperature range is 25-30 ℃, ingestion is stopped at 8-10 ℃, death is realized below 5 ℃, and life is abnormal at the temperature higher than 32 ℃; in order to provide a proper water temperature environment, a temperature alarm system is arranged. The temperature alarm module comprises a temperature sensor 42, a processor 41 and an alarm 43, wherein the temperature sensor 42 can be arranged in the water above the ceramsite filtering layer 4 or in the ceramsite layer. When the temperature exceeds the preset range, the temperature alarm module sends an alarm signal to remind the cultivation management personnel.

Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the system further includes a water quality detection module, where the water quality detection module is configured to detect a water quality condition of the water in the culture pond 1, and send an alarm signal when the detected water quality is lower than a preset value, so as to prevent death of penaeus japonicus due to poor water quality. Wherein, the water quality testing module includes water quality sensor 44, treater 41 and alarm 43, and water quality sensor 44 sets up in the water of haydite filter layer top, detects the quality of water in the culture pond 1 through water quality sensor 44, judges whether the quality of water is in the predetermined range through treater 41, if not in the predetermined range, treater 41 sends alarm signal through alarm 43 and reminds the personnel of breeding. The water quality sensor 44 includes, but is not limited to, a water body dissolved oxygen sensor, a turbidity sensor, an ammonia nitrogen sensor, a nitrite sensor, and the like, and is used for respectively acquiring data such as dissolved oxygen data, turbidity data, ammonia nitrogen data, nitrite data, and the like of the water body in the shrimp-philic pool, and judging the quality of the water body in the culture pool 1 according to the data.

Finally, it should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of the present application, the scope of the patent protection of the present application is not limited thereby. All technical solutions which are generated by replacing or modifying the equivalent structure or the equivalent flow according to the contents described in the text and the drawings of the present application, and which are directly or indirectly implemented in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A penaeus japonicus ceramsite filter bed culture system is characterized by comprising a culture pond, a bottom layer bracket, a bolting-silk net and a ceramsite filter layer;

the bottom layer support is erected at the bottom of the culture pond and used for supporting a ceramsite filtering layer, the bottom layer support forms a ceramsite filtering layer, a culture area above the ceramsite filtering layer and an erected empty area below the ceramsite filtering layer in the culture pond, and the bottom layer support is a sieve-shaped porous sieve plate with supporting legs;

the bolting silk net is laid on a bottom layer bracket in the culture pond, the periphery of the bolting silk net is tightly attached to the pond wall of the culture pond, the edge of the bolting silk net is higher than the ceramsite filtering layer, and the bolting silk net is used for filtering water and enclosing ceramsite;

2. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Penaeus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite is a porous spherical ceramsite baked from pottery clay.

3. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Japanese prawns according to claim 2, wherein the diameter of the ceramsite is 2mm-5 mm.

4. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Japanese prawns according to claim 3, wherein the mesh size of the bolting silk net is 40-60 meshes.

5. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Penaeus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the bottom layer bracket is a plastic bracket.

6. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Penaeus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation pond is an industrial cement pond or a mulching film cultivation pond.

7. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Penaeus japonicus according to claim 1, further comprising an oxygen aeration facility, wherein the oxygen aeration facility comprises air stones suspended in the water layer above the ceramsite in the cultivation pond.

8. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Japanese prawns according to claim 1, wherein a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the cultivation pond.

9. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Japanese prawns according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ceramsite filter layer is 5-10 cm.

10. The ceramsite filter bed cultivation system for Penaeus japonicus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of water inlets of the water inlet pipe are laid in an empty area below the ceramsite filter layer, and the height of the empty area is 10 cm.