CN114373575A - 一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃‑金属密封同轴导体组件及其制备方法。所述组件包括内金属导体、内绝缘玻璃层、内屏蔽金属层、外绝缘玻璃层和外屏蔽金属层五部分结构。所述制备方法为：先通过熔制玻璃、球磨玻璃渣、配制浆料、喷雾造粒、压制成型、排胶玻化等工艺制备得到内、外绝缘玻璃层玻璃坯；然后将内金属导体、内绝缘玻璃层、内屏蔽金属层、外绝缘玻璃层和外屏蔽金属层用烧结模具装配在一起，置于气氛保护炉中封接，得到玻璃‑金属密封同轴导体组件。采用本发明制备得到的玻璃‑金属密封同轴导体组件，其特性阻抗满足要求，电绝缘性、气密性、耐电压等性能均优于原有高分子密封设计。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及核反应安全技术领域，具体涉及一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件及其制备方法。
背景技术
压水堆：全称“加压水慢化冷却反应堆”。以加压的、未发生沸腾的轻水(即普通水)作为慢化剂和冷却剂的反应堆。由燃料组件、慢化剂(兼作冷却剂)、控制棒组件、可燃毒物组件、中子源组件、堆芯吊篮和压力壳等组成。是属于核电站中应用数量较多、容量较大的堆型。
压水堆电气贯穿件主要功能部件包括导体组件和筒体组件，导体组件贯穿整个筒体组件，实现安全壳内外各类电缆物理连接，在实现电气连接和信号传输功能的同时，与贯穿件筒体组件共同实现安全壳压力边界的完整性。导体组件作为承担电气贯穿件绝缘和密封性能的关键部件，既保证了电气贯穿件电气连续性的实现，同时也是电气贯穿件压力边界完整性的有机组成部分。同轴导体组件作为传输反应堆内外信号的导体组件，就显得更加重要。
传统的同轴导体组件密封材料采用高分子材料，高分子材料在长期运行以及延寿运行时难免发生脆化、蠕变等老化现象，老化后如果发生高温高湿、高辐照事故时存在丧失密封和绝缘功能的风险。而使用玻璃-金属密封技术替代同轴导体组件中使用的高分子密封材料，可以提升极限工况下压力边界的密封性能，降低事故后发生放射性外泄的风险。因此，玻璃-金属密封的同轴导体组件是更佳的选择。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件及其制备方法。采用该方法制备的同轴导体组件具有高气密性、高绝缘性、耐辐照、阻燃等特性，从而解决了高分子密封同轴导体组件存在的材料本身的不足和缺陷。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，所述组件主要由内金属导体(1)、内绝缘玻璃层(2)、内屏蔽金属层(3)、外绝缘玻璃层(4)和外屏蔽金属层(5)封接而成。
进一步地，所述内金属导体(1)为4J29可伐合金。
进一步地，所述内绝缘玻璃层(2)为热膨胀系数为8～10×10-6/K的无机玻璃。
进一步地，所述内屏蔽金属层(3)为无氧铜。
进一步地，所述外绝缘玻璃层(4)为热膨胀系数为17～18×10-6/K的无机玻璃。
进一步地，所述外屏蔽金属层(5)为06Cr19Ni10不锈钢。
一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)、制备内绝缘玻璃层：按照玻璃配比称取原料并混合均匀，高温熔融后进行球磨得到玻璃粉，将玻璃粉分散于由溶剂、分散剂与粘结剂组成的液相中得到玻璃浆料，浆料喷雾造粒后得到具有一定球形度的造粒粉，利用压制成型将造粒粉制备成所需的玻璃坯，在360～600℃下对玻璃坯进行排胶，在650～670℃下对玻璃坯进行玻化；
步骤(2)、制备外绝缘玻璃层：按照玻璃配比称取原料并混合均匀，高温熔融后进行球磨得到玻璃粉，将玻璃粉分散于由溶剂、分散剂与粘结剂组成的液相中得到玻璃浆料，浆料喷雾造粒后得到具有一定球形度的造粒粉，利用压制成型将造粒粉制备成所需的玻璃坯，在360～600℃下对玻璃坯进行排胶，在660～700℃下对玻璃坯进行玻化；
步骤(3)、将内金属导体、内绝缘玻璃层、内屏蔽金属层、外绝缘玻璃层和外屏蔽金属层用烧结模具装配在一起，置于气氛保护炉中，在960～1000℃温度下进行封接，保温时间为18～22分钟，得到所述玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，玻璃配比以氧化物为基准的重量百分比计，包括：SiO2:60～70％、B2O3:20～30％、Al2O3:0～5％、Na2O:0～3％、K2O:0～3％、TiO2:0～3％、CaO:0～2％。
进一步地，步骤(2)中，玻璃配比以氧化物为基准的重量百分比计，包括：SiO2:50～65％、B2O3:10～15％、Al2O3:5～10％、Na2O:4～8％、CeO2:2～6％、K2O:0～3％、TiO2:0～3％、CaO:0～2％、ZrO2:0～2％。
本发明的有益效果是：与现有技术相比，本发明提供的用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件及其制备方法，得到的同轴导体组件的气密性、绝缘性、耐高温、耐老化等特性都得到了明显改善；通过上述方法，可以制备出用于压水堆的高可靠同轴导体组件。此外，本发明中内金属导体与内屏蔽金属层之间采用近似匹配封接，而内屏蔽金属层与外屏蔽金属层之间采用压缩封接，且三种金属可以在同一温度下进行烧结，从而实现通过一次烧结对三种不同金属材料的封接。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的同轴导体组件的封接示意图。
其中，1-内金属导体；2-内绝缘玻璃层；3-内屏蔽金属层；4-外绝缘玻璃层；5-外屏蔽金属层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。但这些实例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1～4
(1)按照玻璃配比SiO2:60～70％、B2O3:20～30％、Al2O3:0～5％、Na2O:0～3％、K2O:0～3％、TiO2:0～3％、CaO:0～2％，称取原料并混合均匀，高温熔融后进行球磨得到玻璃粉，将玻璃粉分散于由溶剂去离子水、分散剂聚丙烯酸钠与粘结剂聚乙二醇组成的液相中得到玻璃浆料，浆料喷雾造粒后得到具有一定球形度的造粒粉，利用压制成型将造粒粉制备成所需的玻璃坯，在360～600℃下对玻璃坯进行排胶，在650～670℃下对玻璃坯进行玻化，制备得到内绝缘玻璃层2。
(2)按照玻璃配比SiO2:50～65％、B2O3:10～15％、Al2O3:5～10％、Na2O:4～8％、CeO2:2～6％、K2O:0～3％、TiO2:0～3％、CaO:0～2％、ZrO2:0～2％，称取原料并混合均匀，高温熔融后进行球磨得到玻璃粉，将玻璃粉分散于由溶剂去离子水、分散剂聚丙烯酸钠与粘结剂羧甲基纤维素组成的液相中得到玻璃浆料，浆料喷雾造粒后得到具有一定球形度的造粒粉，利用压制成型将造粒粉制备成所需的玻璃坯，在360～600℃下对玻璃坯进行排胶，在660～700℃下对玻璃坯进行玻化，制备得到外绝缘玻璃层4。
(3)将内金属导体1、内绝缘玻璃层2、内屏蔽金属层3、外绝缘玻璃层4和外屏蔽金属层5，用石墨烧结模具装配在一起，置于气氛保护炉中，在960～1000℃温度下进行封接，保温时间为18～22分钟，得到所述玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件。测试该玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件的气体泄漏率、绝缘电阻、耐电压值、耐压值等性能；其中，气体泄漏率通过氦质谱检漏仪测得，绝缘电阻通过绝缘电阻测定仪测得，耐电压值通过耐压测试仪测得，耐压值通过高温测井压力试验箱测得。测试结果汇总如下表所示：
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，其特征在于：所述组件主要由内金属导体(1)、内绝缘玻璃层(2)、内屏蔽金属层(3)、外绝缘玻璃层(4)和外屏蔽金属层(5)封接而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，其特征在于：所述内金属导体(1)为4J29可伐合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，其特征在于：所述内绝缘玻璃层(2)为热膨胀系数为8～10×10-6/K的无机玻璃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，其特征在于：所述内屏蔽金属层(3)为无氧铜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，其特征在于：所述外绝缘玻璃层(4)为热膨胀系数为17～18×10-6/K的无机玻璃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件，其特征在于：所述外屏蔽金属层(5)为06Cr19Ni10不锈钢。
7.一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)、制备内绝缘玻璃层玻璃坯：按照玻璃配比称取原料并混合均匀，高温熔融后进行球磨得到玻璃粉，将玻璃粉分散于由溶剂、分散剂与粘结剂组成的液相中得到玻璃浆料，浆料喷雾造粒后得到具有一定球形度的造粒粉，利用压制成型将造粒粉制备成所需的玻璃坯，在360～600℃下对玻璃坯进行排胶，在650～670℃下对玻璃坯进行玻化；
步骤(2)、制备外绝缘玻璃层玻璃坯：按照玻璃配比称取原料并混合均匀，高温熔融后进行球磨得到玻璃粉，将玻璃粉分散于由溶剂、分散剂与粘结剂组成的液相中得到玻璃浆料，浆料喷雾造粒后得到具有一定球形度的造粒粉，利用压制成型将造粒粉制备成所需的玻璃坯，在360～600℃下对玻璃坯进行排胶，在660～700℃下对玻璃坯进行玻化；
步骤(3)、将内金属导体、内绝缘玻璃层、内屏蔽金属层、外绝缘玻璃层和外屏蔽金属层用烧结模具装配在一起，置于气氛保护炉中，在960～1000℃温度下进行封接，保温时间为18～22分钟，得到所述玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，玻璃配比以氧化物为基准的重量百分比计，包括：SiO2:60～70％、B2O3:20～30％、Al2O3:0～5％、Na2O:0～3％、K2O:0～3％、TiO2:0～3％、CaO:0～2％。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于压水堆电气贯穿件的玻璃-金属密封同轴导体组件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，玻璃配比以氧化物为基准的重量百分比计，包括：SiO2:50～65％、B2O3:10～15％、Al2O3:5～10％、Na2O:4～8％、CeO2:2～6％、K2O:0～3％、TiO2:0～3％、CaO:0～2％、ZrO2:0～2％。
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