CN114352343A - Low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face gas overrun prevention and control method - Google Patents
Low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face gas overrun prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 173
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 9
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face. The specific process comprises the following steps: before stoping, constructing bedding gas injection holes and extraction holes in the coal seam, injecting gas with pressure higher than that of coal seam gas into the coal seam through the gas injection holes, displacing and replacing the coal seam gas, and reducing the coal seam gas content to a greater extent; in the stoping process, directional long drilling is conducted on the upper portion of the caving zone of the overlying strata, gas in the goaf is extracted, and gas emission in the goaf is reduced; meanwhile, pipe insertion extraction is carried out on the upper corner, and the gas concentration of the upper corner is reduced. By implementing the invention, zero overrun of gas on a high-strength mining working face can be ensured, and safe and efficient mining is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine gas control, in particular to a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face gas overrun control method.
Background
With the integration and mergence of the coal industry and the adjustment of recombination direction, the oversize coal production base of the thick and extra-thick coal seam mining areas such as the Jinbei, Shendong and Shanxi takes the leading position and is also the key point of the future intelligent mine construction. The coal seam gas occurrence of the mining area is low, the coal seam thickness is large, the problems of large gas emission intensity, upper corner overrun and the like easily occur during high-intensity mining and incoming pressure, and the intelligent working face efficient mining is also restricted by the problems. The existing coal seam pre-pumping and permeability-increasing technical measures have the defects of large pumping engineering quantity, high cost investment, low pumping efficiency, long standard reaching period and the like of low gas occurrence mines, particularly have the problems of insufficient gas migration power of a coal seam, difficulty in exerting pumping and permeability-increasing effects and the like, and urgently need to develop a new gas treatment system aiming at the coal seam gas occurrence and mining characteristics of the mining area, research and develop novel regional gas high-efficiency pumping technology and equipment, and provide technical support for intelligent high-strength mining of the thick/ultra-thick coal seam of the mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
The invention designs a gas over-limit prevention and control method for a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face, and aims to realize comprehensive gas prevention and control under the conditions of low-gas occurrence, low air permeability and high-strength mining working face gas emission.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face, wherein before stoping, bedding holes are drilled in the coal seam construction, the bedding holes comprise gas injection holes and extraction holes, and coal seam gas is displaced by injecting gas into the gas injection holes and extracted from the extraction holes under negative pressure; in the stoping process, directional long drill holes are constructed at the upper parts of a coal seam roof fracture zone or an caving zone, gas in overlying rock fractures of a goaf is extracted, and an extraction pipe is buried at an upper corner for extracting the gas.
In some embodiments, the bedding borehole is provided with a plurality of groups, each group comprising one gas injection hole and a plurality of extraction holes.
In some embodiments, the gas injection holes and the extraction holes are arranged in a single-row parallel arrangement or a plurality of rows in a staggered arrangement.
In some embodiments, the pressure of the gas injected into the gas injection hole is higher than the coal bed gas occurrence pressure and does not exceed the pressure resistance value of the borehole seal.
In some embodiments, the gas injected into the gas injection hole is any one of air, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, or a mixture of 2 or more gases.
In some embodiments, when the directional long drill hole is constructed, on the basis of meeting the construction conditions of the high-position directional long drill hole, rock strata which are located at the upper part of a fractured zone or an caving zone and have high overlying rock gas content and are close to the position of a gas emission source of a working surface are selected to construct the directional long drill hole.
In some embodiments, after the directional long drilling hole is formed, the hole is timely sealed, grid connection and continuous pumping are carried out.
In some embodiments, the extraction amount is increased by reaming or increasing the number of drilled directional long holes after the holes are formed.
In some embodiments, the drilling and sealing process adopts a two-plug one-capsule bag type sealing method.
In some embodiments, the borehole sealing length exceeds the coal wall fracture development zone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the problems that the gas extraction effect of the coal seam is poor and the gas treatment difficulty is high due to poor gas migration and driving power, the gas content of the coal seam is reduced through gas injection, displacement and enhanced extraction before extraction, and the gas emission of the working face is controlled through the combined extraction of the directional long drill hole and the upper corner buried pipe during extraction.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from and readily appreciated by reference to the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a logic block diagram of a gas overrun prevention and control method for a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas over-limit prevention and control method for a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gas injection hole and an extraction hole arranged in parallel in a single row;
4-5 are schematic diagrams of gas injection holes and extraction holes in a multi-row staggered arrangement;
reference numerals:
1-bending a sinking strap; 2-fissure zone; 3-falling belt; 4-pumping pipe; 5-stoping the working face; 6-directional long drilling; 7-drilling field; 8-gas injection holes; 9-extracting holes; 10-coal seam; 11-overburden.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a logic block diagram of a gas overrun prevention and control method for a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face in the embodiment of the present application. Because the overburden 11 moves and destroys with obvious zonation, the damage range of the overburden is gradually enlarged and the damage strength is gradually weakened from the goaf to the ground surface, three representative parts of the damage and the movement of the overburden can appear, namely an overflow zone 3, a fracture zone 2 and a bending subsidence zone 1 from bottom to top. And analyzing gas prevention and control entry points by taking the high gas emission characteristic under the strong mining of the thick and ultra-thick coal seams with low gas as a research background. Aiming at the problems of insufficient gas migration driving force and poor conventional extraction effect caused by low gas occurrence, a gas injection displacement enhanced gas extraction technology is provided, and the gas emission of a working face is controlled from the source by reducing the gas content of a coal seam; aiming at the problems of large gas emission quantity of a working face under a strong mining condition and the like, by combining the characteristics of low gas occurrence and high strength mining working face gas emission, namely large gas emission quantity occupation ratio of a goaf and the situation that the concentration of an upper corner faces an overrun risk and the like, the technical means of extracting gas in overlying rock cracks of the goaf by using a roof directional long drill hole, reducing the gas emission quantity of the goaf, arranging a buried insertion pipe at the upper corner and controlling the gas concentration of the upper corner is provided.
On the basis of reducing the gas content of the coal bed by gas injection displacement enhanced extraction before extraction, the gas emission of the working face is controlled by the combined extraction of the directional long drill hole of the top plate and the buried pipe of the upper corner in the extraction process. And establishing a gas over-limit prevention and control method suitable for a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preventing and controlling gas overrun of a low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face, which mainly includes: the gas injection displacement enhanced gas extraction of the coal seam reduces the gas content of the coal seam, and the directional long drill hole of the top plate and the buried pipe of the upper corner are jointly extracted to control the gas emission of the working face.
The specific process comprises the following steps: before stoping, bedding drilling is conducted on the coal seam 10, the bedding drilling comprises a gas injection hole 8 and an extraction hole 9, gas higher than gas occurrence pressure is injected into a coal body through the gas injection hole 8, coal seam gas is displaced and replaced, negative pressure extraction is conducted in the extraction hole 9, and the coal seam gas content is rapidly reduced. The injection and the drainage are combined to promote the desorption and the migration of gas in the coal bed and strengthen the drainage of the gas, so that the gas content in the coal bed is reduced to the maximum extent.
In the stoping process, a directional long drill hole 6 is constructed at the upper part of the coal seam roof fracture zone 2 or the caving zone 3, gas in overlying rock fractures of the goaf is extracted, and the gas emission amount of the goaf is reduced; and the upper corner is buried in the extraction pipe 4 to continuously extract gas, so that the concentration of the gas at the upper corner is controlled, and zero overrun of the gas in the extraction process is ensured.
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
s1: the bedding drilling hole is constructed in the coal seam before the coal seam is stoped, a plurality of groups of bedding drilling holes are arranged, and each group comprises a gas injection hole 8 and a plurality of extraction holes 9. The arrangement mode of the injection and extraction drill holes can be selected from single-row parallel arrangement or multi-row staggered arrangement according to the thickness of the coal seam, the single-row parallel arrangement mode is shown in figure 3, and the gas injection holes 8 and the extraction holes 9 form single rows and are staggered; the multiple rows of extraction holes 9 are arranged in a staggered manner as shown in fig. 4 and 5, and a plurality of extraction holes 9 are arranged around one gas injection hole 8, that is, one gas injection hole 8 serves a plurality of extraction holes 9. The arrangement mode of the gas injection holes 8 and the gas extraction holes 9 is determined according to the actual parameters of the coal bed. The present embodiment preferably employs a plurality of staggered rows. And the construction parameters of the gas injection hole 8 and the gas extraction hole 9 are determined according to the occurrence of the coal seam and the actual condition of the working face. The distance between the gas injection hole 8 and the extraction hole 9 is required to ensure that the injected high-pressure gas can move and break through.
S2: in the coal seam bedding drilling construction process, high-position directional long drill holes 6 can be synchronously constructed on the upper parts of the coal seam roof fissure zones 2 or the caving zones 3, and drilling parameters are determined according to the occurrence condition of coal rocks; in the embodiment, 4 directional long drill holes 6 are constructed in a drill site 7 and are arranged at intervals.
S3: and after the drilling construction is finished, timely hole sealing, grid connection and continuous pumping are carried out. The drilling hole sealing process is preferably a two-hole one-bag injection type hole sealing method, wherein the sealing strength of the drilling hole needs to be ensured because displacement gas is injected into the bedding gas injection hole of the coal seam at positive pressure, the sealing strength can be realized by properly increasing the hole sealing length, and preferably, the drilling hole sealing length should exceed a coal wall fracture development area as far as possible.
S4: after hole sealing of the drilled hole is finished and before stoping of the stoping face 5, gas higher than coal seam gas occurrence pressure is injected into the coal seam through the coal seam bedding gas injection hole 8, and enhanced gas extraction is displaced. The extraction hole 9 is connected with a mine extraction system, the gas injection hole 8 is connected to a high-pressure gas delivery pump through a pipeline, the pump body can provide gas with different pressure grades, and the gas type can be any one of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and air or mixed gas with more than 2 gas types according to different proportions. The gas species are not limited to the above three.
S5: in the working face stoping process, along with the striding and falling of the overlying rock stratum 11 of the coal seam roof and the development of cracks, the directional long drill holes 6 begin to extract gas in the goaf, and in the practical application process, the extraction process can be optimized by increasing the number of the directional long drill holes 6, enlarging the hole diameter of the drill holes, adjusting parameters such as the horizon and the horizontal distance, increasing the extraction amount and then reducing the gas emission amount of the working face.
S6: due to the unsmooth ventilation of the upper corner, gas at the upper corner is easy to accumulate, and the upper corner can face the over-limit risk in severe cases. In the working face stoping process, the gas at the upper corner can be extracted in a targeted manner by arranging the buried pipe and the extraction pipe 4 at the upper corner, so that the concentration of the gas at the upper corner is controlled, and the stoping safety of the working face is guaranteed.
Gas extraction is enhanced by gas injection displacement before extraction, the gas content of a coal seam of a working face is reduced, and gas emission of the working face is controlled from the source; in the stoping process, the gas on the working face is controlled to be discharged through the directional long drill hole of the top plate and the corner buried pipe in a combined extraction mode, the gas concentration of the upper corner is reduced, and the zero overrun of the gas on the working face is ensured.
In some specific embodiments, the displacement pumping-promoting gas injection parameters are determined according to coal seam and gas occurrence rules, and the gas injection pressure is higher than the coal seam gas occurrence pressure, but in consideration of the problem of borehole sealing, the gas injection pressure is ensured not to exceed the pressure resistance value of borehole sealing.
In some specific embodiments, on the basis of meeting the construction conditions of the high-position directional long borehole, a proper rock stratum above the fractured zone 2 or the caving zone 3 is selected to construct the directional long borehole 6 according to the gas content of the overlying strata, the gas emission source of the working face and the like. Long directional boreholes 6 are typically constructed in rock formations where overburden gas is high and near the source of the face gas gushes.
In some specific embodiments, the number, the length and the horizontal distance of the directional long drill holes 6 of the top plate are determined according to the actual situation on site, and the directional long drill holes 6 are timely sealed after being formed into holes and are connected with the grid for continuous pumping.
In some specific embodiments, the directional long drill holes 6 of the top plate can be further reamed after hole forming, the conduction section of the drill holes is increased, the gas extraction efficiency is improved, the gas extraction efficiency can be further improved by increasing the number of the drill holes and optimizing parameters when necessary, and the gas emission of the working face is reduced.
In some specific embodiments, the pipe insertion extraction is carried out on the upper corner, the problem of gas at the upper corner is treated in a targeted manner, the pipe insertion and burying parameters are selected according to the actual situation on site, and the distance between the pipe insertion and burying at the upper corner can be properly widened due to the fact that the technology of reducing the gas in the coal bed is replaced before the extraction is carried out.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method is characterized in that before stoping, bedding drilling is carried out on the coal seam construction, wherein the bedding drilling comprises gas injection holes and extraction holes, and the coal seam gas is displaced by injecting gas into the gas injection holes and extracted from the extraction holes under negative pressure; in the stoping process, directional long drill holes are constructed at the upper parts of a coal seam roof fracture zone or an caving zone, gas in overlying rock fractures of a goaf is extracted, and an extraction pipe is buried at an upper corner for extracting the gas.
2. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bedding drill hole is provided with a plurality of groups, and each group comprises one gas injection hole and a plurality of extraction holes.
3. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the arrangement mode of the gas injection holes and the gas extraction holes is a single-row parallel arrangement or a multi-row staggered arrangement.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of gas injected into the gas injection hole is higher than the coal bed gas occurrence pressure and does not exceed the pressure resistance of the borehole seal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas injected into the gas injection hole is one of air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide or a mixture of 2 or more gases.
6. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that when directional long drilling is constructed, on the basis of meeting the construction conditions of high-position directional long drilling, a rock stratum with high overburden gas content and a position close to a gas emission source of the working face at the upper part of a fractured zone or an caving zone is selected to construct the directional long drilling.
7. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face according to claim 1, characterized in that after the directional long drilling hole is formed, the hole is timely sealed, connected and pumped.
8. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face according to claim 7, characterized in that the extraction amount of the directional long drilled hole after hole forming is increased in a manner of hole expansion or hole number increase.
9. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face as claimed in claim 7, wherein the drilling and sealing process adopts a two-plug one-bladder bag type sealing method.
10. The method for preventing and controlling the gas overrun of the low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the hole drilling and sealing length exceeds the coal wall crack development area.
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| CN113653527A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-16 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving period of extra-thick coal seam |
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2021
- 2021-12-06 CN CN202111516470.XA patent/CN114352343A/en active Pending
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| RU2122122C1 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 1998-11-20 | Институт горного дела им.А.А.Скочинского | Method of mining gas-bearing coal seams |
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