CN113653527A - Method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving period of extra-thick coal seam - Google Patents
Method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving period of extra-thick coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113653527A CN113653527A CN202111094713.5A CN202111094713A CN113653527A CN 113653527 A CN113653527 A CN 113653527A CN 202111094713 A CN202111094713 A CN 202111094713A CN 113653527 A CN113653527 A CN 113653527A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004047 hole gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction, and discloses a method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam, which comprises the following steps: step (I), designing parameters of directional long drilling along the layer: designing the directional long drilling parameters of the bedding according to the occurrence condition and the firmness coefficient of the coal bed; step (II), directional drilling construction: before stoping of a working face, directional long drill holes are drilled in a bedding layer of coal seam construction, a pipeline is connected to an orifice and is connected with negative pressure extraction equipment; step (III), crushing top coal: a support of the stope face repeatedly supports and extrudes the top coal to enable the coal seam to generate cracks and the gas in the coal seam is continuously desorbed; step (IV), caving the top coal: during the top coal caving period, a large amount of gas rushes to the top of the working face and is continuously pumped out through the drill hole. The invention solves the problem that the gas at the upper corner or the return airway exceeds the limit because a large amount of desorbable gas generated in the process of coal caving cannot be effectively extracted in time in a high-position drill hole or a high-level extraction roadway of a coal seam roof instantly floods into a working face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas extraction, in particular to a method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam.
Background
During the production period of fully mechanized top coal caving of a high gas thick coal seam, particularly the gas control difficulty at the initial mining period is high, and a large amount of gas generated by top coal caving during the extraction working face recovery period is gushed into the working face, so that the problems of upper corner gas overrun and the like are caused, and the safety recovery of the working face is seriously influenced.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the method adopted in the prior art is as follows:
(1) pre-pumping coal bed gas before mining: the coal body is extracted within the effective extraction radius range through the extraction drill hole, so that the adsorbed gas in the coal body is converted and released to the free state, and then part of the free state gas is extracted before mining, the aim of reducing the gas content of the coal seam of the working face and reducing the gas which can be desorbed by the coal body in the production period and gushes into the stope space is fulfilled.
(2) And (3) extracting gas in the goaf by top plate high-position drilling and high-position roadway during stoping: along with the propulsion of the working face, a certain space can be generated at the rear part of the working face and a large amount of gas is stored, and the gas stored in the goaf is extracted through the top plate high-position drilling or the high suction roadway, so that the gas is prevented from flowing into the working face to cause the gas overrun.
The prior method has the following defects:
(1) pre-pumping coal bed gas before mining: the gas content of the coal body can be reduced through pre-pumping, so that the gas content meets the requirements of regulations and regulations for extraction, but the gas can be desorbed by pre-pumping the coal layer, when the top coal is extracted, the top coal is extruded under the dual actions of roof pressure and support supporting force to generate cracks, the pressure balance is damaged, the desorbed gas is greatly increased, and along with the falling of the top coal, the top coal is greatly gushed into a working surface, so that the gas at an upper corner or an air return roadway is over-limited.
(2) And (3) extracting gas in the goaf by top plate high-position drilling and high-position roadway during stoping: the method mainly adopts the extraction of the gas in the upper fissure zone of the goaf, so that the gas in the goaf is reduced to flow into the working surface, and the gas overrun of the working surface is eliminated. Due to the collapse hysteresis of the top plate, when the top coal is caving, most of the top plate cannot span along with caving, and time difference exists, so that gas generated by the broken coal body in the top coal cannot be pumped away in time along with the collapse of the top coal in the coal preventing period, and can instantly burst into a working face, and the gas at the upper corner of the working face or in a return airway is over-limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam, and aims to solve the problem that the gas of an upper corner or a return airway exceeds the limit because a large amount of desorbable gas generated during top plate high-position drilling or a high-position extraction roadway cannot be extracted in time and instantly rushes into a working face.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam comprises the following steps:
step (I), designing parameters of directional long drilling along the layer: designing bedding directional long drilling parameters according to the occurrence condition and firmness coefficient of the coal seam, wherein the drilling parameters comprise a drilling arrangement layer position, a drilling diameter, a drilling length, a drilling final hole interval and a drilling orifice extraction negative pressure;
step (II), directional drilling construction: before stoping of a working face, directional long drill holes are drilled in a bedding layer of coal seam construction, a pipeline is connected to an orifice and is connected with negative pressure extraction equipment;
step (III), crushing top coal: repeatedly supporting and extruding top coal by a support of a stope face to enable a coal seam to generate cracks, continuously desorbing adsorbed gas in the coal seam to convert the adsorbed gas into free gas, and starting negative pressure extraction equipment to enable the free gas to continuously enter a drill hole from the cracks and be extracted;
step (IV), caving the top coal: during the top coal caving period, the gas in the coal seam is continuously desorbed, and a large amount of gas rushes to the top of the working face and is continuously pumped out through the drill hole.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:
(1) according to the method, the drill holes can be arranged at the proper positions of the upper parts of the top coals by adopting a directional drilling technology according to a fully mechanized top coal caving crushing mechanism, when the top coals are mined, the top coals are extruded under the dual actions of top coal pressure and support supporting force to generate cracks, the pressure balance is damaged, the desorbed gas is greatly increased, the directional drill holes are not completely damaged, when negative pressure extraction equipment is started, a large amount of gas generated by the top coals is pumped out continuously after entering the top coal drill holes from the cracks, and the problem that the gas in an upper corner angle or an air return roadway is over-limited due to the fact that a large amount of the desorbed gas instantly gushes into a working face during the period that the top coal is not extracted in time by a high-position drill hole or a high-level extraction roadway is solved.
(2) The method in the scheme can effectively solve the problem of gas control in the fully mechanized top coal caving production period of the extra-thick coal seam, particularly in the initial mining period, and by constructing directional long bedding drilling holes before mining on the fully mechanized top coal caving working face in advance, gas which is generated in short time due to top coal caving and cannot be pumped away in time in a top high-position drilling hole or a high pumping roadway is pumped out during the stoping of the pumping working face, so that the gas of the top coal is reduced from flowing into the working face in a large amount during the top coal caving period.
(3) The method can be used for pre-pumping coal seam gas before mining and can also be used for pumping a large amount of gas emitted in a short period during top coal caving, one hole has two purposes, the number of pre-pumping drill holes and top plate high-position drill holes can be reduced, the drilling engineering quantity is reduced, and the gas treatment cost is saved.
(4) Compared with the drilling of the pre-extraction coal bed, the method has the advantages that the single-hole gas extraction amount is improved by 3-5 times during the top coal caving period, the gas at the upper corner is prevented from exceeding the limit due to the top coal caving, and the safe extraction of the working face is guaranteed.
(5) By adopting the method of the scheme, the working face extraction speed can be improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the step (I), the coal seam firmness factor is greater than 1, the drill hole arrangement horizon in the drilling parameters is between 2 and 3 times of the mining height, the diameter of the drill hole is 96 to 153mm, the length of the drill hole is 300-1000m, the distance between the final drill holes is 15 to 20m, and the negative pressure of the drill hole opening is 7 to 10 kPa.
When the coal seam firmness factor in this scheme is greater than 1, the effect of drilling is best, the condition of hole collapse is difficult to appear, and under the condition that the coal seam firmness factor is greater than 1, drilling parameters in this scheme all can be suitable for, and drilling parameters in this scheme can ensure the normal implementation of drilling, and can guarantee the quality of drilling and the stable of later stage gas drainage going on.
The arrangement position of the drill holes in the drilling parameters is 2-3 times of the mining height, so that the drill holes can be placed at a more proper position of the coal seam, the drill holes can drill along the top plate of the coal seam, and meanwhile gas can flow into the drill holes from the cracks and is pumped out.
Preferably, as a refinement, the drill hole arrangement horizon is 0.5m-1m away from the coal seam roof.
Drilling arrangement position had both kept there is certain distance with between the coal seam roof in this scheme to avoid in drilling work progress to punch through the coal seam roof and lead to drilling to be destroyed and influence the normal extraction to gas.
Preferably, as a modification, the number of the drilled holes in the step (two) is at least two, and the drilled holes are parallel to each other.
Before the working face is extracted, the drill hole is also used as a pre-extraction coal seam gas drill hole, one hole is dual-purpose, and the coal seam gas extraction cost is reduced.
Two are no less than to drilling quantity in this scheme, can carry out quick drainage to the gas that produces during the full-mechanized caving coal of super thick coal seam to prevent to cause upper corner and return airway gas transfinite because of the caving coal.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the directional drilling construction process in the step (two), the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof is ascertained during the first drilling construction, the positions of the drill holes are adjusted, so that the drill holes are kept at the designed drill hole arrangement position, and the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof is analyzed and determined according to the first drilling construction condition, so as to provide a basis for the design of other drilling parameters.
So set up, because the thickness of coal seam is irregular in this scheme, if the coal seam takes place great change, if the thickening or attenuation, possibly bore on the roof in coal seam in the work progress of drilling, also can bore the middle part in coal seam, all can influence the gas and normally taken out like this, and in the in-process of drilling in this scheme, can survey the occurrence condition of the roof in coal seam during first drilling construction, thereby make the first drilling of driving into can play the purpose of surveying the roof condition, the first drilling of driving into is according to the structural conditions of coal seam roof, the position of drilling is adjusted again to the position condition, thereby make drilling arrange the horizon parameter and accord with the designing requirement, and then ensure that second drilling and hou mian a plurality of drilling positions all accord with the requirement, make the pore-forming effect better.
Preferably, as an improvement, the position of the coal seam roof is detected by branching in the step (two), and the drilling hole continues to extend forwards.
So set up, the branching aim at in this scheme is in the condition of occurrence of exploring the coal seam roof, but the direction of creeping into of drilling still extends forward always, can make the drilling can be smooth creep into like this, makes drilling length reach the requirement of design.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example one
A method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam comprises the following steps:
step (I), designing parameters of directional long drilling along the layer: designing bedding directional long drilling parameters according to the occurrence condition and firmness coefficient of the coal seam, wherein the drilling parameters comprise a drilling arrangement layer position, a drilling diameter, a drilling length, a drilling final hole interval and a drilling orifice extraction negative pressure;
step (II), directional drilling construction: constructing a bedding directional long borehole to a coal seam, connecting a pipeline at an orifice, and connecting the pipeline with negative pressure extraction equipment;
step (III), crushing top coal: repeatedly supporting and extruding top coal by a support of a stope face to enable a coal seam to generate cracks, continuously desorbing adsorbed gas in the coal seam to convert the adsorbed gas into free gas, and starting negative pressure extraction equipment to enable the free gas to continuously enter a drill hole from the cracks and be extracted;
under the action of pre-fracturing of the support, when the internal force strength in the coal body is smaller than the strength limit for supporting, the coal body can generate cracks, the pressure balance in the coal body is broken, a large amount of adsorbed gas is converted into free gas, and the gas enters the extraction drill hole through the cracks under the action of negative pressure.
The support of working face that adopts in this scheme supports repeatedly and extrudees the top coal, can enlarge the broken scope of top coal, thereby make in the coal seam adsorb gas constantly obtain the desorption, the gas is constantly taken out in getting into the drilling hole and being taken away from the drilling by negative pressure extraction equipment from the fracture, the size and the number of times of supporting repeatedly through the size of control support holding power among the actual operation process, the fracture size constantly strengthens, its scope also constantly extends, reach the extraction top coal gas of maximum, thereby reduce the later stage and put the top coal gas and gush into the working face during the top coal.
And step (IV), caving the top coal. And (3) beginning to carry out formal stoping operation, carrying out coal caving and transportation, wherein during the top coal caving period, coal bed gas is continuously desorbed, and a large amount of gas rushes to the top of the working face and is continuously pumped out through the drill hole.
In this embodiment, the coal seam firmness factor is greater than 1, and specifically, the coal seam firmness factor in this embodiment is between 1 and 2, so that the coal seam is less prone to collapse. The drilling parameters are specified in the following table:
| drill hole arrangement level | Diameter of drilled hole | Length of drilled hole | Distance between drilled holes and final hole | Negative pressure extraction at drill hole opening |
| Between 2 and 3 times of mining height | 96-153mm | 300-1000m | 15-20m | 7-10kPa |
In the second embodiment, the number of the drill holes in the step (i) is at least two, the drill holes are parallel to each other, and the distance between the drill holes in the drilling parameters in the second embodiment is the distance between the two parallel drill holes.
In the directional drilling construction process in the step (II), the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof needs to be detected during the first drilling construction, the position of the drilled hole is adjusted, the drilled hole is kept on the designed drilled hole arrangement layer, the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof is analyzed and determined according to the first drilling construction condition, and a basis is provided for the design of other drilling parameters. Because the thickness of coal seam is irregular, and directional bedding drilling is in this scheme, if the coal seam takes place great change, if the thickening or attenuation, the in-process of drilling probably bores and causes the drilling passageway to collapse on the roof in coal seam easily, also can bore the middle part in coal seam after the influence crushing to the extrusion of top coal, the extrusion force that leads to the top coal to receive is little, crushing effect is poor to influence the gas and be analyzed out, all can influence the gas like this and normally taken out.
In the in-process of drilling in this scheme, the occurrence condition of the roof in coal seam can be surveyed in the construction of first drilling, thereby make the purpose that the roof condition can be played in the first drilling of driving, the position of drilling can be adjusted according to the structure condition of coal seam roof, the position condition again to the first drilling of driving, thereby make drilling arrange the position parameter and accord with the designing requirement, and then ensure that second drilling and a plurality of drilling positions at the back all can accord with the requirement, drilling in this embodiment arranges the position that the position indicates drilling.
And (II) detecting the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof by branching, and continuing to extend and perforate the borehole. The branched object in the scheme is to find out the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof, but the drilling direction of the drilled hole still extends forwards all the time, so that the drilled hole can be drilled smoothly, and the drilling length meets the design requirement.
Example two
The position that the position is located apart from coal seam roof 0.5m-1m is arranged to drilling in this embodiment, drilling in this scheme is arranged the position and has both kept there is certain distance with between the coal seam roof to avoid drilling the in-process of drilling to pierce through the coal seam roof and lead to the drilling to be destroyed and influence the normal extraction to gas, can make drilling arrange the position simultaneously again and be located more suitable position, avoid producing the extrusion to drilling and lead to the drilling passageway to be destroyed and cause gas can not be followed the drilling passageway and taken out smoothly.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step (I), designing parameters of directional long drilling along the layer: designing bedding directional long drilling parameters according to the occurrence condition and firmness coefficient of the coal seam, wherein the drilling parameters comprise a drilling arrangement layer position, a drilling diameter, a drilling length, a drilling final hole interval and a drilling orifice extraction negative pressure;
step (II), directional drilling construction: before stoping of a working face, constructing a directional bedding long borehole to a coal seam, connecting a pipeline at an orifice, and connecting the pipeline with negative pressure extraction equipment;
step (III), crushing top coal: repeatedly supporting and extruding top coal by a support of a stope face to enable a coal seam to generate cracks, continuously desorbing adsorbed gas in the coal seam to convert the adsorbed gas into free gas, and starting negative pressure extraction equipment to enable the free gas to continuously enter a drill hole from the cracks and be extracted;
step (IV), caving the top coal: during the top coal caving period, the gas in the coal seam is continuously desorbed, and a large amount of gas rushes to the top of the working face and is continuously pumped out through the drill hole.
2. The method for extracting the top coal gas during the fully mechanized top coal caving period of the extra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (I), the coal bed firmness factor is greater than 1, the drill hole arrangement layer position in the drilling parameters is between 2 and 3 times of mining height, the diameter of a drill hole is 96 to 153mm, the length of the drill hole is 300-1000m, the distance between the final drill holes of the drill hole is 15 to 20m, and the extraction negative pressure of the drill hole opening is 7 to 10 kPa.
3. The method for extracting the top coal gas during the fully mechanized top coal caving period of the extra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the drilling arrangement layer and the coal seam roof is 0.5-1 m.
4. The method for extracting the top coal gas during the fully mechanized top coal caving period of the extra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the drill holes in the step (II) is at least two, and the drill holes are mutually parallel.
5. The method for extracting the top coal gas during the fully mechanized top coal caving period of the extra-thick coal seam according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in the directional drilling construction process in the step (II), the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof is ascertained during the first drilling construction, the positions of the drilled holes are adjusted, the drilled holes are kept at the designed drilling arrangement position, the occurrence condition of the coal seam roof is analyzed and determined according to the first drilling construction condition, and a basis is provided for the design of other drilling parameters.
6. The method for extracting the top coal gas during the fully mechanized top coal caving period of the extra-thick coal seam according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (II) detecting the position condition of the coal seam roof through branching, and continuing to extend the drill hole forwards.
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| CN202111094713.5A CN113653527A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving period of extra-thick coal seam |
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| CN202111094713.5A CN113653527A (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Method for extracting top coal gas during fully mechanized top coal caving period of extra-thick coal seam |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114352343A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-15 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Low-gas occurrence high-strength mining working face gas overrun prevention and control method |
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| CN113027510A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-25 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for extracting pressure-relief gas by blasting permeability-increasing directional long drill hole of thick and hard roof rock layer |
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2021
- 2021-09-17 CN CN202111094713.5A patent/CN113653527A/en active Pending
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| CN103899350A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-02 | 河南理工大学 | Fully mechanized caving face supporting top coal gas extraction system |
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Application publication date: 20211116 |