CN110714763A - Hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for coal face of ultra-thick coal seam - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for coal face of ultra-thick coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 38
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C45/00—Methods of hydraulic mining; Hydraulic monitors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of an extra-thick coal seam, which comprises the following steps: firstly, drilling a row of hydraulic fracture holes in an upper coal body in a coal face along the length direction of the coal face, wherein the hydraulic fracture holes comprise shallow holes and deep holes which are arranged in a staggered mode, then installing a water injection hole packer at the bottom of each hydraulic fracture hole, and injecting water into each hydraulic fracture hole at high pressure to crush and collapse the upper coal body in the coal face. The hydraulic fracturing holes in the hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for the coal mining working face of the extra-thick coal seam are arranged in a staggered mode, hydraulic fracturing can be performed at different depth layers, top coal fracturing is sufficient, hydraulic fracturing blind areas are avoided, and top coal caving lumpiness is reduced; the vertical punching construction in the coal face is simple and convenient, the water injection hole packer in the drilled hole is not easy to block, and the hole packer is easy to recover under the action of gravity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing coal seams, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of an extra-thick coal seam.
Background
At present, the leading coal mining method of the super-thick coal seam in China is mainly fully mechanized mining, namely, the coal body at the bottom is mined in a comprehensive mechanical mode, namely, the coal body at the bottom is mined, loaded, transported and supported in a mechanical mode, and after the coal body at the bottom is mined locally, the coal body at the top is directly put down and transported out after caving.
However, the fully mechanized caving mining has a high requirement on the mine pressure, and after the coal at the bottom is mined, if the mine pressure of the overlying rock stratum of the coal face is relieved, the mine pressure cannot timely and fully crush the top coal, so that the coal body above the coal face cannot naturally collapse or slightly collapses, the recovery rate of the top coal of the coal face is low, and the coal resources are wasted.
In order to improve the recovery rate of the top coal of the coal face, most domestic coal mines adopt a mode of explosive presplitting blasting to solve the problem that the top coal cannot be fully collapsed, because the mining intensity of the top coal caving of an extra-thick coal seam is high, the gas emission amount is relatively large, the blasting spark of explosive blasting for crushing the top coal is easy to induce gas explosion accidents, meanwhile, the defects of small single hole control range, high labor intensity and the like of explosive blasting are overcome, and the safety and high-efficiency mining of the fully mechanized caving face of the extra-thick coal seam of the coal mine are seriously limited.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105649625A describes a high-low pressure zone-splitting permeability-increasing coal seam water injection method, which is to drill a hole along the length direction of a coal face in a transportation roadway or a return air roadway, i.e., drill a water injection hole which is transverse or inclined along the coal seam.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110306967A describes a method and apparatus for permeability increase by coupling hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting of coal seams, which combines blasting technology with water injection fracturing technology in order to facilitate drilling of water injection holes, and has many construction processes, and adopts transverse drilling, so that the drilling difficulty is high, and there is a gas explosion risk in the blasting process.
For the above reasons, there is a need for a safe and feasible coal mining method with high coal recovery rate, which is suitable for the coal mining with long working face and thick coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of an extra-thick coal seam, and solves the technical problems that a coal body on the top of the coal face is difficult to break and the recovery rate is low in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of a super-thick coal seam is designed, and comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging and drilling a hydraulic fracture hole: drilling a row of hydraulic fracturing holes in an upper coal body in a coal face along the length direction of the coal face, wherein the hydraulic fracturing holes comprise shallow holes and deep holes which are arranged in a staggered mode;
(2) and installing a water injection hole packer at the bottom of each hydraulic fracturing hole, and injecting water into each hydraulic fracturing hole at high pressure to crush and collapse coal above the coal face.
Preferably, the top end of the shallow hole extends to the middle or upper part of the whole coal seam, and the top end of the deep hole extends into the top plate of the coal seam.
Preferably, the top end of the deep hole extends to 0.8-1.2m in the top plate of the coal seam.
Preferably, in the step (2), when high-pressure water injection is performed on each hydraulic fracturing hole, the water injection pressure of the water injection pump used is monitored, and when the water injection pressure of the water injection pump drops to the initial pressure 1/3 or a large amount of water spray occurs at or near the hydraulic fracturing hole, the water injection operation on the corresponding hydraulic fracturing hole is stopped.
Preferably, in the step (1), the hydraulic fracture hole is drilled on the top plate of the coal face at a position 0.3-0.8m away from the coal wall.
Preferably, in the step (2), the water injection hole packer is installed to be 0.3 to 0.5m from the hole bottom.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the hydraulic fracture pore is 40-45 mm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the hydraulic fracture hole is drilled in a vertical direction.
Preferably, in the step (1), drilling one hydraulic fracture hole every 8-10m in the coal face from the return air gate way to the transportation gate way; and hydraulic fracture holes are drilled in the central lines of the return air gateway and the transportation gateway.
Preferably, every time the coal face is pushed by 6-10m, drilling a hydraulic fracturing hole in the coal body at the top of the newly appeared coal face and performing high-pressure water injection in the mode of the step (1) and the step (2).
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the hydraulic fracturing holes in the hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for the coal face of the extra-thick coal seam are arranged in a staggered mode, hydraulic fracturing can be performed at different depth layers, top coal fracturing is sufficient, hydraulic fracturing blind areas are avoided, and top coal caving lumpiness is reduced.
2. The vertical punching in the coal face has two main advantages: on one hand, the vertical drilling construction by using the drilling machine is simple and convenient, the vertical drilling depth is shallow, and the workload is small; on the other hand, when hydraulic fracturing occurs, the water injection hole packer in the drill hole is not easy to block and is easy to recover under the action of gravity.
3. The deep hole in the hydraulic fracturing hole is deep into the coal seam roof by 1m, so that the top coal can be separated from the roof when hydraulic fracturing is carried out, the function of top coal caving is better played, and the recovery rate of coal is improved.
4. The hydraulic fracturing radius, the coal rock layer difference and the production organization condition are comprehensively considered, and the top coal is pre-fractured in a mode that a row of hydraulic fracturing holes are arranged and constructed by pushing the working face forward by 6-10m, so that the maximum pre-fracturing efficiency can be achieved by punching and water injection in each round.
5. Compared with the construction of explosive presplitting blasting, the hydraulic fracturing drilling construction workload is smaller, the effect of wetting coal bodies can be achieved, coal dust can be reduced, a good operation environment is provided for workers, the spontaneous combustion ignition of a coal bed can be prevented, and accidents such as gas explosion and the like caused by explosive blasting and crushing top coal are also avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of a super-thick coal seam.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plane structure diagram of a certain stoped coal mine in which a super-thick coal seam coal face hydrofracturing coal mining method of the invention is implemented;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure B-B of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure C-C of fig. 2.
In the drawings, each reference numeral means: the device comprises a return air gateway 1, a transportation gateway 2, a coal face 3, a coal seam 4, a coal seam roof 41, a coal wall 42, a steep slope 43, a hydraulic fracture hole 51, a hydraulic fracture hole 52, a hydraulic fracture hole 53, a hydraulic fracture hole 54, a hydraulic support 6 and a goaf 7.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention in detail and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1: a hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of an extra-thick coal seam, please refer to fig. 1 to 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for the coal face of the ultra-thick coal seam provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s100, arranging and drilling a hydraulic fracture hole: and drilling a row of hydraulic fracture holes in the upper coal body in the coal face along the length direction of the coal face, wherein the hydraulic fracture holes comprise shallow holes and deep holes which are arranged in a staggered mode.
A specific operation manner of step S100 is described below with reference to fig. 2 to 5.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic plane structure of a coal mine for stoping, wherein the stoping of the coal mine means that two tunnels are firstly opened from the ground to the depth of the coal mine before coal mining, the two tunnels are respectively a return air crossheading 1 and a transportation crossheading 2, then a coal face 3 is formed by cutting a hole between the return air crossheading 1 and the transportation crossheading 2, the cutting hole means that a tunnel is opened between the return air crossheading 1 and the tail end of the transportation crossheading 2, the space in the tunnel is a coal face 3, the coal face 3 is a first production site of coal, coal mining equipment such as a heading machine, a scraper conveyor, a hydraulic support guard plate and the like is put in the coal face 3, the coal mining operation is to be stoped from the coal face 3 along the return direction of the return air crossheading 1 and the transportation crossheading 2, and the air is fed through the transportation crossheading 2 during the mining process, the air is discharged from the return air crossheading 1, so that the air in the coal mine well is circulated, the gas in the coal mine well is prevented from being gathered, and meanwhile, clean and fresh air is provided for workers in the coal mine well.
As shown in fig. 3, the coal seam 4 is a common inclined coal seam, the thickness of the coal seam 4 in the coal mine is more than ten meters, the coal seam belongs to an extra-thick coal seam, the coal face 3 is located at the lowest part of the coal seam 4, a cutting head of a coal mining heading machine cannot touch a coal body located above the coal face 3 in the coal seam 4, the coal body located above the coal face 3 in the coal seam 4 needs to be fully crushed and collapsed, and then crushed coal can be conveyed out through a conveying belt laid in the transportation gateway 2.
In this embodiment, the coal body above the coal face 3 in the coal seam 4 is crushed and collapsed by a hydraulic fracturing method.
In step S100, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the coal face 3, one hydraulic fracturing hole is drilled at intervals from the return air gateway 1 to the transport gateway 2, the hydraulic fracturing hole 53 in the return air gateway 1 is at the center line of the return air gateway 1, the hydraulic fracturing hole 54 in the transport gateway 2 is at the center line of the transport gateway 2, and the remaining hydraulic fracturing holes are spaced at intervals L1 of 9 m.
The hydraulic fracture holes 53 in the return air gateway 1 and the hydraulic fracture holes 54 in the transportation gateway 2 are deep holes, and the hydraulic fracture holes between the return air gateway 1 and the transportation gateway 2 are respectively separated into deep holes and shallow holes, for example, the hydraulic fracture hole 51 is a deep hole, and the hydraulic fracture hole 52 adjacent to the hydraulic fracture hole 51 is a shallow hole.
As shown in fig. 3, the top end of each shallow hole extends to the middle-upper part of the whole coal seam 4, and the top end of each deep hole extends to the top plate 41 of the coal seam by a distance L3 of 1 m. After high-pressure water is injected into the shallow holes, the pressure applied by the high-pressure water to the outside is completely positioned in the coal body, so that the coal body is favorably and fully crushed, the collapsed coal blocks are prevented from being too large and difficult to recover, and rocks in the coal seam roof 41 can be prevented from falling; after high-pressure water is injected into the deep hole, most of the pressure applied by the high-pressure water to the outside is located in the coal body, and the pressure applied to the top is located at the junction of the coal seam 4 and the coal seam roof 41, so that the coal body below the coal seam roof 41 can be favorably collapsed.
Therefore, through the mode of staggered arrangement of deep holes and shallow holes, more hydraulic fractures are generated in the coal seam 4, the primary fractures of the coal seam 4 are activated at the same time, and a complex fracture network is formed in the coal body to cut the coal body, so that the top coal of the coal face 3 is timely and fully crushed, the top coal caving performance is good, and the recovery of crushed coal is facilitated; the deep hole water injection is beneficial to fully caving the coal body at the top of the coal face 3, and the coal mining rate can be improved.
In addition, in step S100, each hydraulic fracture hole is drilled upward in the vertical direction, that is, upward in the vertical direction on the roof 31 of the coal face 3, and as shown in fig. 2, the distance L2 between each hydraulic fracture hole and the coal wall 42 is 0.5m, and the hole diameter of each hydraulic fracture hole is 43 mm.
S200, installing a water injection hole packer at the bottom of each hydraulic fracture hole, and injecting water into each hydraulic fracture hole at high pressure to crush and collapse coal above the coal face.
In step S200, the water injection hole packer adopts a hole packer with the model of ZF-A19, the water injection hole packer is installed to be 0.5m away from the hole bottom, and the water injection hole packer is prevented from falling out due to the fact that the bottom of a hydraulic fracture hole is broken when water is injected into the hydraulic fracture hole. The water injection pump for performing high-pressure water injection on each hydraulic fracture hole is a BZW200 type intelligent water injection pump, and water is sequentially injected into the corresponding hydraulic fracture holes through a water injection hole packer by adopting the water injection pump.
When high-pressure water injection is carried out on each hydraulic fracturing hole, the water injection pressure of a used water injection pump is monitored, when the water injection pressure of the water injection pump is reduced to the initial pressure 1/3 or a large amount of water is sprayed to the hydraulic fracturing hole and the vicinity of the hydraulic fracturing hole, the water injection work of the corresponding hydraulic fracturing hole is stopped, the situation that media collapse to a large extent due to excessive water injection is prevented, the working face 3 is buried and blocked, and meanwhile, rocks in the coal seam roof 41 are prevented from falling under pressure.
In step S200, the row of hydraulic fracturing holes drilled in step S100 is divided into three groups, and each group of hydraulic fracturing holes is injected with high-pressure water, and when the coal body in the group of hydraulic fracturing holes is crushed and collapsed, the group of hydraulic fracturing holes is transported out and emptied, and then the other groups of hydraulic fracturing holes are injected with high-pressure water in sequence, so as to prevent the crushed coal from rolling down in the transportation crossheading 2 intensively to cause the blockage of the transportation crossheading 2.
And (5) after the row of hydraulic fracture holes drilled in the step S100 are completely filled with water, drilling hydraulic fracture holes in the coal body at the top of the newly-appeared coal face at the position 6-10m ahead of the coal face 3 according to the mode of the step S100 and the step S200, and carrying out high-pressure water injection, and continuously advancing the coal face 3 in a mode of circularly drilling the hydraulic fracture holes, injecting high-pressure water and conveying out crushed coal according to the mode.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, as the coal face 3 is continuously pushed forward, the coal behind the coal face 3 is mined to form a gob 7, and since the cutting head of the heading machine cannot reach the coal at the top of the coal seam 4, and the remaining coal of the coal seam 4 forms a steep slope 43, the coal face 3 is pushed forward by 6-10m to be provided with hydraulic fracture holes 51 (deep holes) and hydraulic fracture holes 52 (shallow holes), so that the hydraulic fracture holes are positioned on the front side of the bottom of the steep slope 43, and after high-pressure water is injected into the hydraulic fracture holes, not only the medium above the steep slope 43 is collapsed, but also a part of the medium at the top in front of the coal face 3 is collapsed, so that the collapsed area is increased, and the coal collapse effect caused by one-time high-pressure water injection is more remarkable.
In the process of drilling a hydraulic fracturing hole, injecting a water hole packer and injecting high-pressure water, a hydraulic support 6 is arranged in the coal face 3 to serve as a support, and a support space for workers is formed below the hydraulic support 6 to prevent the risk of top coal breakage.
Engineering example:
the coal mining process of a certain coal mine which is mined by a certain industrial coal mine factory is characterized in that coal mining work is carried out through comprehensive mechanization, the length of a coal mining working face along the moving direction of a roadway (a transportation crossheading and a return air crossheading) is 1295m, the inclination angle of the coal mining working face is 17 degrees, the length of the coal mining working face is 130m, the average thickness of a coal bed is 17m, the coal mining process is comprehensive mechanization top coal caving, the mining height is 3.0m, the coal caving height is 14.03m, the natural ignition tendency of the coal bed is that type I is easy to spontaneously combust, coal dust has explosion danger, and the relative gas emission amount. The mining height of 3.0m refers to the height range which can be mined by a cutting head of the heading machine, and the coal caving height of 14.03m refers to the height range which is mined in a mode that coal bodies on the top of a coal face are crushed and collapsed.
When coal is mined at first, the top coal of a coal mine is subjected to advanced pre-splitting blasting by explosives, but because the coal seam thickness is large and the coal face is long, the depth of the advanced pre-splitting drill hole constructed between two roadways (a transportation crossheading and a return air crossheading) of the working face is generally between 70 and 80m, the drilling construction is difficult and is easy to deviate, a protective layer with a certain thickness is reserved for explosive blasting, roof caving accidents caused by recovery from the coal face are avoided, the block size of the top coal which is locally incapable of being pre-split, caving or caving is large and is difficult to recover due to the limitation of explosive blasting drill hole arrangement, and the average recovery rate of the top coal of the working face is 84.2%.
In order to further improve the recovery rate of top coal and solve unsafe accidents such as gas explosion, roof caving and the like caused by explosive blasting, the top coal is pre-cracked in a coal mine by adopting the hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for the coal face of the extra-thick coal seam, the vertical construction drill holes are finally determined to be constructed on the working face by optimizing the arrangement of the hydraulic fracturing drill holes, and the lengths of the drill holes are arranged.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various specific parameters in the above embodiments can be changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and a plurality of specific embodiments are formed, which are common variation ranges of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic fracturing coal mining method for a coal face of an extra-thick coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) arranging and drilling a hydraulic fracture hole: drilling a row of hydraulic fracturing holes in an upper coal body in a coal face along the length direction of the coal face, wherein the hydraulic fracturing holes comprise shallow holes and deep holes which are arranged in a staggered mode;
(2) and installing a water injection hole packer at the bottom of each hydraulic fracturing hole, and injecting water into each hydraulic fracturing hole at high pressure to crush and collapse coal above the coal face.
2. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining of a coal face of a super-thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the top end of the shallow hole extends to the middle or upper part of the whole coal seam, and the top end of the deep hole extends into the top plate of the coal seam.
3. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining of a coal face of a super-thick coal seam according to claim 2, wherein the top end of the deep hole extends to 0.8-1.2m into a coal seam roof.
4. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining of a coal face of a super-thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when high-pressure water injection is performed on each hydraulic fracturing hole, the water injection pressure of a water injection pump used is monitored, and when the water injection pressure of the water injection pump is reduced to an initial pressure 1/3 or a large amount of water drenching occurs in the hydraulic fracturing hole and the vicinity thereof, the water injection operation on the corresponding hydraulic fracturing hole is stopped.
5. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining on the coal face of the ultra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the hydraulic fracturing holes are drilled on the top plate of the coal face at a position 0.3-0.8m away from the coal wall.
6. A super-thick coal seam coal face hydraulic fracturing coal mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2), the water injection hole packer is installed to be 0.3-0.5m from the hole bottom.
7. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining on the coal face of the ultra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hydraulic fracturing hole is 40-45 mm.
8. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining on the coal face of the ultra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the hydraulic fracturing holes are drilled in the vertical direction.
9. The method for mining coal on a super-thick coal seam coal face by hydraulic fracturing is characterized in that in the step (1), one hydraulic fracturing hole is drilled in the coal face from a return air gate way to a transportation gate way every 8-10 m; and hydraulic fracture holes are drilled in the central lines of the return air gateway and the transportation gateway.
10. The method for hydraulic fracturing coal mining of the coal face of the extra-thick coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that every time the coal face is pushed by 6-10m, hydraulic fracturing holes are drilled and high-pressure water injection is carried out on the coal body at the top of the newly-appeared coal face in the manner of the step (1) and the step (2).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112943242A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for improving lump coal rate of coal mining |
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