CN114352309B - Biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, and preparation method and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, and preparation method and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114352309B CN114352309B CN202210042424.9A CN202210042424A CN114352309B CN 114352309 B CN114352309 B CN 114352309B CN 202210042424 A CN202210042424 A CN 202210042424A CN 114352309 B CN114352309 B CN 114352309B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, a preparation method and an installation method, wherein the waterproof brick comprises the following components: the framework shell is a framework groove with an opening at the top and made of degradable plastics, and a plurality of fine holes are formed in the outer wall of the framework groove; the top edge of the first positioning part is provided with a first positioning part, and the bottom edge of the first positioning part is provided with a second positioning part; the framework groove is internally provided with a plurality of adjacent permeable annular nets which are divided into a plurality of small chambers; and the biochar-based composite bentonite is filled in each small cavity and at the gap between each small cavity and the framework groove, and the height of the biochar-based composite bentonite filled is flush with the end face of the framework groove. The waterproof brick has the advantages of self-healing expansion, water resistance, seepage prevention, adsorption and barrier properties, filling gaps, blocking the invasion of pollutants in underground water and ensuring the design service life; the adjacent waterproof bricks are positioned by the first positioning part and the second positioning part, and the installation and the laying are convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, underground engineering and geotechnical engineering, in particular to a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, a preparation method and an installation method.
Background
The underground space of the mine is used as a precious space resource and has the advantages of high safety, proper humidity and temperature, excavation cost saving and the like, so that the underground space of the abandoned mine has great economic and environmental benefits when being reused. In the development of underground space of abandoned mine, the mine seepage-proofing interception and top and bottom plate advanced area treatment mainly adopts ground drilling grouting and top and bottom plate directional drilling grouting; the goaf filling treatment mainly adopts a drilling grouting filling technology. The grouting filling material is mainly cement fly ash and the like, and a large amount of carbon dioxide is generated by using a large amount of cement, so that the carbon emission is not reduced. In order to reduce the permeation of underground water to the maximum extent and ensure the stability of the mine cave building and the wall of the waste mine, a buffer material needs to be filled in a gap between the waste mine wall and the structure, and the buffer material has self-healing performance and can effectively fill surrounding rock cracks and maintain the overall safety of the underground structure. In addition, the buffer material has no corrosion performance to underground engineering, can effectively resist the corrosion of chemical substances in underground water, controls the invasion of underground water and continuously plays a role within the design period.
Waterproof structures and corresponding waterproof coiled materials are generally adopted in the existing underground building construction process, the waterproof coiled materials are gradually corroded and damaged by underground water along with the increase of service life, the waterproof coiled materials are not easy to replace at a later stage, and the cost for constructing the underground building is increased due to the high selling price of the waterproof coiled materials; meanwhile, the existing waterproof coiled material lacks certain expansibility, cannot fill cracks existing or about to develop in natural rock systems, and cannot well block pollutants possibly existing in underground water.
Therefore, how to provide a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, which solves the problem that the existing underground waterproof and anti-seepage material cannot effectively fill gaps between rock bodies and underground structures of underground spaces of mines and cracks existing or about to develop in rock walls on the premise of ensuring the waterproof and anti-seepage performance of the original waterproof material, and overcomes the defect that the existing conventional waterproof material cannot effectively block pollutants possibly existing in underground water.
The invention provides a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, which comprises:
the framework shell is a framework groove with an opening at the top and made of degradable plastics, and a plurality of fine holes are formed in the outer wall of the framework groove; the top edge of the first positioning part is provided with a first positioning part, and the bottom edge of the first positioning part is provided with a second positioning part;
the framework groove is internally provided with a plurality of adjacent water-permeable annular nets which are divided into a plurality of small chambers; and
the biochar-based composite bentonite is filled in each small cavity and at the gap between each small cavity and the framework groove, and the height of the biochar-based composite bentonite filled is flush with the end face of the framework groove.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, a skeleton shell is provided with a permeable annular net, biochar-based composite bentonite is filled in the permeable annular net, and unique expansion self-healing property of the biochar-based composite bentonite is utilized to effectively seal gaps in natural surrounding rocks and gaps between the surrounding rocks and structures, so that the waterproof and anti-seepage characteristics of the brick are ensured, and the invasion of pollutants in underground water is blocked by utilizing the adsorption property of the biochar-based bentonite on metal ions, so that the underground space of a mine can play a role within a normal design life; the adjacent waterproof bricks are positioned by the first positioning part and the second positioning part, and the installation and the laying are convenient.
Further, the biochar-based composite bentonite 3 contains 30-50% of biological activated carbon.
Further, the permeability coefficient of the biochar-based composite bentonite 3 is 10 -3 mm/min to 10 -4 mm/min, heat conductivity of 1.4-2.0W/(m.K), and dry density of 1.5g/cm 3 -2.5g/cm 3 。
Furthermore, a plurality of layers of permeable ring-shaped nets 2 are contained in the framework grooves.
Further, the first positioning portion 11 and the second positioning portion 12 are a convex portion and a concave portion that are fitted to each other.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, which comprises the following steps:
s11, drying and crushing the coarse bentonite, removing sand through multi-stage water washing, uniformly drying, and then crushing to bentonite powder of 2000-4000 meshes;
s12, stirring and activating at a constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ by using 5g/L of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution, adding 30-50% of biological activated carbon into activated bentonite powder, uniformly stirring for 1-1.5 hours, and drying to obtain uniform biological carbon composite bentonite;
s13, filling the prepared biochar-based composite bentonite into a framework groove and a permeable annular net of degradable plastics, and vibrating and compacting to obtain the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick has the advantages that the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick is expanded and self-healed, gaps in natural surrounding rocks and gaps between the surrounding rocks and structures are effectively sealed, and the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick has waterproof and anti-seepage properties, metal ion adsorption performance and capability of blocking pollutants in underground water from invading.
The invention also provides an installation and construction method of the biochar-based composite bentonite brick, which comprises the following steps:
s21, leveling a pavement surface by using biochar-based composite bentonite;
s22, paving biochar-based composite bentonite bricks close to the design boundary of the underground engineering, paving biochar-based composite bentonite bricks layer by layer, and positioning adjacent layers in a matched manner through a first positioning part and a second positioning part; laying a layer of biochar-based composite bentonite with the thickness of 8-10mm on each layer of biochar-based composite bentonite brick to ensure that the bricks are connected compactly;
and S23, filling the space between the brick wall and the goaf rock mass with biological carbon-based bentonite to seal the gap between the waterproof brick and the rock mass.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the installation and construction method of the biochar-based composite bentonite brick can better fill natural gaps of the healed goaf rock mass or cracks caused by excavation, and effectively block permeation of underground water; because the biochar-based composite bentonite material is adopted as a natural material, subsequent replacement and maintenance are not needed, and the maintenance cost is low; the biochar-based composite bentonite material belongs to an environment-friendly material, has no pollution to the environment, can degrade a degradable plastic framework, and cannot cause secondary pollution to the original environment; the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick has certain barrier property to heavy metal ions in seepage, can effectively adsorb harmful ions in the environment, and can cut off an ion exchange path between the external environment and underground engineering. By adopting the construction method for laying, aiming at the reutilization of the abandoned mine hole and deep underground engineering, the problem that the existing underground waterproof material cannot well ensure the original designed waterproof performance under the conditions of rock mass gaps of the goaf of the abandoned mine hole, groundwater seepage, heavy metal ion erosion and the like is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a top view of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram after the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick is laid.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Because the waterproof structure and the corresponding waterproof coiled material are generally adopted in the process of building the underground structure in the prior art, the waterproof coiled material can be gradually eroded and damaged by underground water along with the increase of the service life, and is not easy to be replaced in the later period, and the cost for building the underground structure is increased due to the high selling price; meanwhile, the existing waterproof coiled material lacks certain expansibility, cannot fill cracks existing or about to develop in natural rock systems, and cannot well block pollutants possibly existing in underground water.
The invention firstly provides a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, which is shown in the attached figures 1-4 and comprises the following components: the framework shell 1 is a framework groove with an opening at the top and made of degradable plastics, and a plurality of fine holes are formed in the outer wall of the framework groove; the top edge of the positioning device is provided with a first positioning part 11, and the bottom edge of the positioning device is provided with a second positioning part 12; the framework groove is internally provided with a plurality of adjacent permeable annular nets 2 which are divided into a plurality of small chambers; and the biochar-based composite bentonite 3 is filled in each small cavity and a gap between the small cavity and the framework groove, and the height of the biochar-based composite bentonite 3 is flush with the end face of the framework groove. According to the invention, the skeleton shell is provided with the permeable annular net, the biochar-based composite bentonite is filled in the permeable annular net, the unique expansion self-healing property of the biochar-based composite bentonite is utilized to effectively seal gaps in natural surrounding rocks and gaps between the surrounding rocks and structures, the waterproof and impermeable characteristics of the biochar-based composite bentonite are ensured, the adsorption performance of the biochar-based bentonite to metal ions is also utilized to block the invasion of pollutants in underground water, and the underground space of a mine can be ensured to play a role within a normal design life.
The inventor tests and researches show that when the biochar contained in the biochar-based composite bentonite is more than 30-50%, the permeation rate of the biochar-based composite bentonite is far higher than 10 because the biochar content is higher and the pores are larger and the bentonite cannot well fill the pores -3 mm/min, so that the seepage-proofing and barrier functions are invalid; when the content of biochar in the biochar-based composite bentonite is lower than 30%, the adsorption capacity of the biochar-based composite bentonite soaked in underground water is reduced by 50-80%, and the biochar-based composite bentonite is not beneficial to blocking the invasion of pollutants in the underground water.
The adjacent waterproof bricks are positioned by the first positioning part and the second positioning part, and the installation and the laying are convenient.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the biochar-based composite bentonite 3 contains 30% -50% of bio-activated carbon.
Advantageously, the permeability coefficient of the biochar-based composite bentonite 3 is 10 -3 mm/min to 10 -4 mm/min, heat conductivity of 1.4-2.0W/(m.K), and dry density of 1.5g/cm 3 -2.5g/cm 3 (ii) a Thereby ensuring the self-healing property, durability and thermal conductivity of the biochar-based composite bentonite 3.
In some embodiments of the invention, the framework groove is filled with a water-permeable annular net 2; the preparation method is convenient to vibrate and compact.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, the first positioning portion 11 and the second positioning portion 12 are a convex portion and a concave portion which are matched with each other; thereby facilitating the positioning between the upper layer and the lower layer during installation.
In one embodiment of the invention: the outer dimension of the framework shell is 250mm multiplied by 115mm multiplied by 95mm, the surface of the degradable plastic framework shell is fully distributed with even pores, the thickness is 5mm, and the seepage can be ensured to be normally contacted with the biochar-based composite bentonite body; two layers of degradable plastic permeable annular grid layers with meshes of 50mm and sizes of 230mm multiplied by 105mm multiplied by 5mm are arranged in the framework shell, and the distance between every two grid layers is 30mm; and the inside of the degradable plastic skeleton shell and the space between the degradable plastic permeable annular grid layers are filled with compacted biochar-based composite bentonite, and the biochar-based composite bentonite provides the waterproof characteristic required by the waterproof brick.
Secondly, the invention provides a preparation method of a biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick, which comprises the following steps:
s11, drying and crushing the crude bentonite, removing sand through multi-stage water washing, uniformly drying, and then crushing to bentonite powder of 2000-4000 meshes;
s12, stirring and activating at a constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ by using 5g/L of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution, adding 30-50% of biological activated carbon into activated bentonite powder, uniformly stirring for 1-1.5 hours, and drying to obtain uniform biological carbon composite bentonite;
s13, filling the prepared biochar-based composite bentonite into a framework groove and a permeable annular net of degradable plastics, and vibrating and compacting to obtain the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick.
Thirdly, referring to the attached figure 5, a space 5 filled with biochar-based composite bentonite is laid in the space 5 between the underground building 4 and the natural surrounding rock 6; the method comprises the following steps:
s21, leveling a paving surface at the gap by using biochar-based composite bentonite;
s22, laying a biochar-based composite bentonite brick next to the design boundary of the underground building, laying the biochar-based composite bentonite bricks layer by layer, and positioning adjacent layers in a matched manner through a first positioning part and a second positioning part; laying a layer of biochar-based composite bentonite with the thickness of 8-10mm on each layer of biochar-based composite bentonite brick to ensure that the bricks are connected compactly;
and S23, filling biological carbon-based bentonite between the waterproof brick wall and the natural surrounding rock to seal the gap between the waterproof brick and the rock mass.
The waterproof brick and the installation method have the advantages of low manufacturing cost, good waterproof and anti-seepage performance, certain self-healing performance and capability of retaining harmful ions in seepage, the degradable plastic framework has degradability and cannot pollute the environment, and the pores on the surface of the degradable plastic framework can also ensure that the biochar-based bentonite has the anti-seepage function.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a waterproof brick of biological carbon base compound bentonite which characterized in that includes:
the framework shell (1) is a framework groove with an opening at the top and made of degradable plastics, and a plurality of fine holes are formed in the outer wall of the framework groove; the top edge of the positioning device is provided with a first positioning part (11), and the bottom edge of the positioning device is provided with a second positioning part (12);
the framework groove is internally provided with a plurality of adjacent permeable annular nets (2) which are divided into a plurality of small chambers; and
the biochar-based composite bentonite (3), wherein the biochar-based composite bentonite (3) contains 30-50% of biological activated carbon; the biochar-based composite bentonite (3) is filled in each small cavity and at the gap between each small cavity and the framework groove, and the height of the biochar-based composite bentonite (3) after filling is flush with the end face of the framework groove.
2. The biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the permeability coefficient of the biochar-based composite bentonite (3) is 10 -3 mm/min to 10 -4 mm/min, heat conductivity of 1.4-2.0W/(m.K), and dry density of 1.5g/cm 3 -2.5g/cm 3 。
3. The biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that a plurality of layers of water-permeable annular nets (2) are contained in the framework grooves.
4. The biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the first positioning part (11) and the second positioning part (12) are a convex part and a concave part which are matched with each other.
5. A preparation method of the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s11, drying and crushing the crude bentonite, removing sand through multi-stage water washing, uniformly drying, and then crushing to bentonite powder of 2000-4000 meshes;
s12, stirring and activating at a constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ by using 5g/L of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution, adding 30-50% of biological activated carbon into activated bentonite powder, uniformly stirring for 1-1.5 hours, and drying to obtain uniform biochar-based composite bentonite;
s13, filling the prepared biochar-based composite bentonite into a framework groove and a permeable annular net of degradable plastics, and vibrating and compacting to obtain the biochar-based composite bentonite waterproof brick.
6. A method for installing and constructing the biochar-based composite bentonite brick as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s21, leveling a pavement surface by using biochar-based composite bentonite;
s22, paving biochar-based composite bentonite bricks close to the design boundary of the underground engineering, paving biochar-based composite bentonite bricks layer by layer, and positioning adjacent layers in a matched manner through a first positioning part and a second positioning part; laying a layer of biochar-based composite bentonite with the thickness of 8-10mm on each layer of biochar-based composite bentonite brick to ensure that the bricks are connected compactly;
and S23, filling the space between the brick wall and the goaf rock mass with biological carbon-based bentonite to seal the gap between the waterproof brick and the rock mass.
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| GB369241A (en) * | 1930-10-10 | 1932-03-10 | Arthur Francis Berry | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of reinforced blocks, plates, slabs and other shaped bodies |
| KR100457426B1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2004-11-16 | 박종원 | An ultra lightweight smoke-resistant composite and an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same |
| CN103641411B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2016-08-17 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of method utilizing sludge-bentonite base material to prepare telescopic-pore ecological concrete |
| CN107324773A (en) * | 2017-07-16 | 2017-11-07 | 湖北金日生态能源股份有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbon base environmental protection brick and preparation method |
| CN111056792A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-24 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Composite water absorption brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN213653979U (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-07-09 | 浙江舜虞达环境科技集团有限公司 | Waterproof impervious light wallboard |
| CN112726941A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 兰州理工大学 | Double-grid shear wall for fabricated building, manufacturing method and construction method |
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