CN114349756A - 一种aie有机小分子及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种AIE有机小分子,并公开了其制备方法和应用。本发明通过Stille偶联反应将供受体合成AIE有机小分子,所述AIE有机小分子光稳定性好、具有明显的AIE效应、成像质量高、光热效果明显;然后通过纳米共沉淀方法制备得到具有良好水溶性、生物相容性的纳米颗粒,该纳米颗粒具有良好的光稳定性和近红外一区(NIR‑I)光学吸收、近红外二区(NIR‑II)荧光发射及NIR‑I激光触发的光热转换,可用于制备NIR‑II荧光成像指导下的肿瘤光热治疗试剂,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药工程领域,更具体地,涉及一种AIE有机小分子及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
传统肿瘤治疗方法通常在治疗过程中带来很多副作用,不但给患者带来不必要的痛苦,而且导致治疗的效果不理想。为了提高肿瘤治疗效率并减少副作用,科学家们开发了新型治疗方法——光学诊疗探针,即同时具有光学成像及光学治疗功能的新型探针,因具有高效性、安全性及准确性等优点,受到研究者的广泛关注。由于波段发射波长较长,生物组织自身的光散射及自荧光较弱等特点,近红外二区(NIR-II,1000-1700nm)荧光成像因此极大地提高了成像的穿透深度及成像效果,在生物技术及生命科学领域都具有非常重要的应用价值。然而,大多荧光探针受到聚集诱导荧光淬灭(ACQ)效应的影响,因而在水溶液或生理条件下荧光亮度降低,严重限制了其生物应用。2001年,唐本忠院士团队发现了与ACQ相反的聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象,即处于聚集状态的探针荧光强度大大高于分散态,其机理模型为分子内运动受限,因此兼具AIE效应的NIR-II荧光探针成像清晰度和分辨率会得到大幅提升。
作为光学治疗的主要方式之一,光热治疗(PTT)正在迅速发展为无害且无创的治疗方法。PTT通常依靠光吸收剂在近红外光照射下产生高温,从而导致癌细胞死亡。发展具有良好的光热效果的光热治疗试剂具有重要的科学意义及应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前肿瘤成像及治疗的不足,提供一种AIE(聚集诱导发光)有机小分子,并提供该有机小分子及其纳米颗粒水溶液的制备方法,其纳米颗粒具有良好的水溶性、生物相容性及靶向性等特点,并具有良好的光稳定性及光热转换的性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种AIE有机小分子DPP-BT-TPA,其结构式为:
一种上述AIE有机小分子的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮,4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺,钯催化剂和有机溶剂,在氩气气氛下混合;将混合物在110~130℃下搅拌24~26小时;除去溶剂后,粗产物纯化,制得DPP-BT-TPA。
其合成路线为:
优选的,上述制备方法中,所述2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮与4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺的摩尔比为(2:5)~(2:9)。
优选的,上述制备方法中,所述钯催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4,有机溶剂为无水甲苯。
一种上述AIE有机小分子的纳米颗粒水溶液,是通过纳米共沉淀方法制得的,包括以下步骤:
将上述AIE有机小分子溶于四氢呋喃制得AIE有机小分子溶液;
将DSPE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-FA溶于超纯水中;
将AIE有机小分子溶液边超声边加入含DSPE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-FA的超纯水中,持续超声3~5min;
去除溶液中的四氢呋喃,然后离心超滤,制得AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液。
上述方法制备的AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液,其最大光吸收波长为630nm±10nm,最大荧光发射波长为1000nm±10nm。
上述方法制备的AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液,对于不同体积比例THF/H2O所配置的溶液,其NIR-II荧光发射强度随着H2O占比的提升呈现先增长后下降的趋势,在VTHF/VH2O=3:7时荧光最强。
本发明还提供了一种上述的AIE有机小分子在制备近红外二区荧光成像中的探针的应用,是指该有机小分子的纳米颗粒作为近红外二区荧光成像的探针。
本发明还提供了一种上述的AIE有机小分子在制备NIR-II荧光成像指导下的肿瘤靶向光热治疗试剂中的应用,是指将其纳米颗粒水溶液用于制备NIR-II荧光成像指导下的肿瘤靶向光热治疗试剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明通过Stille偶联反应将供受体合成了AIE有机小分子,设计的AIE有机小分子光稳定性好、具有明显的AIE效应、成像质量高、光热效果明显,作为新型NIR-II光学诊疗试剂,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明所述AIE有机小分子通过纳米共沉淀方法制备得到具有良好水溶性、生物相容性及靶向性的纳米颗粒,该纳米颗粒具有良好的光稳定性和近红外一区(NIR-I)光学吸收、近红外二区(NIR-II)荧光发射及NIR-I激光触发的光热转换,可用于NIR-II荧光成像指导下的肿瘤光热治疗试剂的制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例所述AIE有机小分子的AIE效应荧光谱图;
图2为实施例所述的AIE有机小分子AIE效应荧光强度的变化趋势图;
图3为实施例所述AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的紫外谱图;
图4为实施例所述AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的荧光谱图;
图5为实施例所述AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的DLS图;
图6为实施例所述AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的光稳定性图;
图7为实施例所述相同浓度的AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液在不同光照功率密度下光热温度随时间的变化图;
图8为实施例所述AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的NIR-II荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图和具体实施例更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。
本发明的实施所使用的试剂皆为市购,所使用的仪器分别为:
近红外二窗荧光成像仪:NIRvana 640-Princeton instrument
红外热成像仪:TESTO869
激光器:MDL-IH-808-1.5W-PSU-II-LED
部分化学试剂名称的缩写为:
DSPE-PEG:磷脂-聚乙二醇
DSPE-PEG-FA:磷脂-聚乙二醇-叶酸
ICG:吲哚菁绿
1.一种AIE有机小分子DPP-BT-TPA,其结构式为:
所述AIE有机小分子的合成路线为:
上述AIE有机小分子的制备方法可参照以下实施例实施:
实施例1
将2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮(0.24g,0.2mmol),4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺(0.23g,0.5mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(15mg)和无水甲苯(20mL)在氩气气氛下在圆底烧瓶中混合。将混合物在120℃下搅拌24小时。除去溶剂后,粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,得到黑色固体状的DPP-BT-TPA(0.165g,0.102mmol,51%)。
实施例2
将2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮(0.24g,0.2mmol),4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺(0.32g,0.7mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(15mg)和无水甲苯(20mL)在氩气气氛下在圆底烧瓶中混合。将混合物在120℃下搅拌24小时。除去溶剂后,粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,得到黑色固体状的DPP-BT-TPA(0.15g,0.09mmol,48%)。
实施例3
将2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮(0.24g,0.2mmol),4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺(0.41g,0.9mmol),Pd(PPh3)4(15mg)和无水甲苯(20mL)在氩气气氛下在圆底烧瓶中混合。将混合物在120℃下搅拌24小时。除去溶剂后,粗产物通过柱色谱纯化,得到黑色固体状的DPP-BT-TPA(0.18g,0.11mmol,56%)。
2.有机小分子DPP-BT-TPA的AIE性能检测:
称取实施例1所述AIE有机小分子(1mg)溶于1mL四氢呋喃,然后每次取0.1mL,分别配置成VTHF/VH2O=90%、80%...10%的溶液,然后分别测定不同比例的溶液荧光光谱,其荧光发射谱图如图1所示。然后测试DPP-BT-TPA同浓度THF溶液的吸收光谱,取1000nm处的荧光强度作为I0,并计算不同比例I与I0的比值作为纵坐标,以水的体积占比fw为横坐标做出AIE效应荧光强度的变化趋势图如图2所示。
3.具有靶向功能的AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的制备:
称取AIE有机小分子(1mg)溶于1mL四氢呋喃,DSPE-PEG(10mg)和DSPE-PEG-FA(5mg)溶于10mL超纯水中,然后将AIE有机小分子溶液缓慢加入含DSPE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-FA的超纯水中,一边超声一边加入,持续超声3分钟,然后用氮气对混合溶液进行鼓气,直到四氢呋喃被除去,最后用3万的超滤管对溶液进行离心以去除一部分的水,最后得到浓度为1mg/mL的AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液,其紫外吸收光谱图如图3所示,荧光发射光谱图如图4所示,所得到的纳米粒子的大小如图5所示。
4.光稳定性/光热测试:
(1)光稳定性的测试:
在比色皿中加入AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液(1×10-4M,2mL),用光功率密度为1W/cm2的激光(730nm)间断照射,每次光照大约5min左右,并监测其特征峰处的紫外吸收峰的变化,总的光照时长大约30min左右。同理,在比色皿中加入参比溶液-ICG水溶液(1×10- 4M,2mL),用光功率密度为1W/cm2的激光(808nm)间断照射,每次光照大约5min左右,并监测其特征峰处的紫外吸收峰的变化,总的光照时长大约30min左右。结果如图6所示,表明该AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒具有良好的光稳定性。
(2)光热性能的测试:
研究不同光照功率密度对AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液的光热转换效果。在250μL的小离心管中加入200μL浓度为100μg/ml的AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液,分别用功率密度为0.25W/cm2、0.5W/cm2、0.75W/cm2及1W/cm2的激光(730nm)照射,由红外热成像仪记录溶液温度随时间变化的趋势,结果表明随着激光功率密度增加,纳米颗粒溶液温度增加越明显,如图7所示,说明该AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒具有良好的光热性能。
5、近红外二窗荧光成像:
配制浓度为0.1mg/ml的上述AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液2ml,放置于离心管中,在近红外二窗荧光成像仪下,用波长为730nm的激光激发,得到NIR-II荧光成像图,如图8所示,结果表明该纳米颗粒具有良好的NIR-II荧光成像能力。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例,上述说明是示例性的,并非穷尽性的,并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和技术原理的情况下,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的,这些修改和变更也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
2.一种权利要求1所述的AIE有机小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮,4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺,钯催化剂和有机溶剂,在氩气气氛下混合;将混合物在110~130℃下搅拌24~26小时;除去溶剂后,粗产物纯化,制得DPP-BT-TPA。
3.根据权利要求2所述的AIE有机小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述2,5-双(2-辛基十二烷基)-3,6-双(5-(三甲基甲锡烷基)噻吩-2-基)-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮与4-(7-溴苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑-4-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺的摩尔比为(2:5)~(2:9)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的AIE有机小分子的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钯催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4,有机溶剂为无水甲苯。
5.一种权利要求1所述的AIE有机小分子的纳米颗粒水溶液,其特征在于,是通过纳米共沉淀方法制得的,包括以下步骤:
将权利要求1所述AIE有机小分子溶于四氢呋喃制得AIE有机小分子溶液;
将DSPE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-FA溶于超纯水中;
将AIE有机小分子溶液边超声边加入含DSPE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-FA的超纯水中,持续超声3~5min;
去除溶液中的四氢呋喃,然后离心超滤,制得AIE有机小分子纳米颗粒水溶液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的AIE有机小分子的纳米颗粒水溶液,其特征在于,其最大光吸收波长为630nm±10nm,最大荧光发射波长为1000nm±10nm。
7.一种权利要求1所述的AIE有机小分子在制备近红外二区荧光成像中的探针中的应用。
8.一种权利要求1所述的AIE有机小分子在制备NIR-II荧光成像指导下的肿瘤靶向光热治疗试剂中的应用。
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