CN114343079A - Nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114343079A CN114343079A CN202111564397.3A CN202111564397A CN114343079A CN 114343079 A CN114343079 A CN 114343079A CN 202111564397 A CN202111564397 A CN 202111564397A CN 114343079 A CN114343079 A CN 114343079A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, which is prepared from cochinchnese asparagus root, fiveleaf gynostemma herb and liquorice. According to the method, a corresponding preparation method is also established, namely, the asparagus root decoction pieces are extracted by ethanol in an alkaline environment, the extracting solution is concentrated under reduced pressure for standby, then a certain amount of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, liquorice powder and food grade ethanol are gradually added, the mixture is stirred uniformly, dried and crushed, and the sieved by 8 sieves, and the research shows that the obtained Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has the characteristics of pure nature, easiness in preparation, low toxicity, low cost, high content of effective components and the like, has the effects of regulating the immunity of the penaeus vannamei, resisting nitrite nitrogen stress and promoting growth, effectively improves the anti-stress capability and growth index of the penaeus vannamei, has small side effect, can effectively avoid the drug resistance generated by pathogens, and is a natural green feed additive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of penaeus vannamei boone culture, and particularly relates to a nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) is unique in artificial shrimp culture due to excellent environmental adaptability and tolerance, and is one of three excellent varieties with the highest culture yield in the world. The introduction of Penaeus vannamei Boone in China at the end of the 80 th century and the successful artificial propagation in the early 90 th century led to the widespread domestic cultivation so far, and became the main subject of shrimp cultivation in China.
In the process of culturing the penaeus vannamei boone, a large amount of excrements and residual baits of the penaeus vannamei boone which cannot be caught in time can be precipitated at the bottom of the pond along with the prolonging of the culturing time. The culture water body has poor fluidity, so the bottom of the pond is mostly in an anoxic state, the ammonia and nitrite content in the water body at the bottom often exceeds the tolerance value of the penaeus vannamei boone through the fermentation and decomposition of anaerobic bacteria in the water body, and the environment stress of the penaeus vannamei boone can be caused by the living habit of the penaeus vannamei boone fond of living in the bottom, thereby the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone is seriously influenced. The immune system of the prawns is simple, sensitive to stress, the immunity is greatly reduced under stress, pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors in the water body and pathogenic microorganisms carried by the prawns can enter the water body in a deficient way, and once the prawn is not treated properly, the prawn can cause inestimable loss to farmers. The disease prevention is always more than the disease treatment, so the stress phenomenon is reduced as much as possible, which is the greatest importance of the prawn breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nitrite nitrogen stress resisting Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone, which is pure natural, easy to prepare, low in toxicity and low in cost, and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for preventing nitrite nitrogen stress of Penaeus vannamei Boone is prepared from radix asparagi, herba Gynostemmatis, and Glycyrrhrizae radix.
The radix asparagi is an alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces.
The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is prepared from 3-8 parts of an alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, 2-6 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder and 1-3 parts of liquorice powder.
The preparation method of the nitrite nitrogen stress resisting Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the penaeus vannamei boone comprises the steps of mixing an alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, gynostemma pentaphylla powder and liquorice powder in proportion, adding a proper amount of food-grade ethanol solution for dissolving, and stirring to form medicine mud; and putting the medicinal mud into a granulator, uniformly mixing, drying in a baking oven at constant temperature, crushing and sieving to obtain the medicinal mud.
The concentration of the used food grade ethanol solution is 80%, the drying temperature is 75 ℃, and the food grade ethanol solution is sieved by a 80-mesh sieve.
The alcohol extract concentrated solution of the radix asparagi decoction pieces is prepared by the following steps: putting radix asparagi decoction pieces into a water-proof heating pot, adding ethanol solution, adding NaOH solution to adjust pH, soaking, and adjusting pH with NaOH solution; then, water-proof extraction, gauze filtration, re-extraction of the filtrate twice, merging the three extracting solutions, heating and concentrating under reduced pressure, and keeping for later use.
The concentration of the ethanol solution is 15-35%, and the addition amount of the ethanol solution is 9-15 times of the mass of the radix asparagi decoction pieces.
The concentration of the NaOH solution is 1 mol/L; adjusting the pH value to 9-13.
Soaking for 0.5-2.5 hours; the temperature of water-proof extraction is 65-95 ℃, and the time is 1.5-4.5 h; concentrating to density of 1.12-1.24 g/ml.
The use method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is characterized in that: mixing the feed and feeding, adding 2-8 g of the feed per kg of the feed, and continuously using for 35 days.
Aiming at the problem of immunity reduction caused by stress reaction of ammonia, nitrite and the like in the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone, the inventor develops a nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the penaeus vannamei boone, which is prepared from cochinchnese asparagus root, fiveleaf gynostemma herb and liquorice. Accordingly, a corresponding preparation method is established, namely, the asparagus cochinchinensis decoction pieces are extracted by ethanol in an alkaline environment, the extracting solution is decompressed and concentrated for standby, then a certain amount of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, liquorice powder and food grade ethanol are gradually added, the mixture is stirred evenly, dried, crushed and sieved by 8 sieves, and the Chinese medicinal composition is obtained. Wherein, the alcohol solution is used as the water phase for extraction in the alkaline environment, which is beneficial to the polysaccharide leaching, improves the content of the effective components of the product, better maintains the drug property of the Chinese herbal medicine and also reduces the cost of the extraction process; the radix asparagi decoction pieces are heated and extracted at a lower temperature, so that the pyrolysis of the polysaccharide can be reduced; the process of concentrated liquid medicine alcohol precipitation overnight and freeze drying is omitted, the preparation requirement is reduced, and the production cost is saved. Therefore, the preparation method has simple flow, the raw materials are pure green and natural, the characteristics of low residue and low drug resistance of the Chinese herbal medicine preparation are greatly kept while the authenticity and reliability of the quality are ensured, no toxic chemical preparation is added in the preparation link, and the toxicity and the preparation requirement of the product are reduced. Researches show that the obtained Chinese herbal medicine feed additive has the characteristics of pure nature, easiness in preparation, low toxicity, low cost, high content of active ingredients and the like, has the effects of regulating the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone, resisting nitrite nitrogen stress and promoting growth, effectively improves the anti-stress capability and growth indexes of the penaeus vannamei boone, has small side effect, can effectively avoid drug resistance generated by pathogens, and is a natural green feed additive.
Detailed Description
Preparation of anti-nitrite nitrogen stress Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone
Example 1
The formula is as follows: 3 parts of alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, 2 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder and 1 part of liquorice powder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the ethanol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, herba Gynostemmatis powder, and Glycyrrhrizae radix powder at a certain proportion, adding appropriate amount of 80% food grade ethanol solution, dissolving, and stirring to obtain medicinal paste; mixing the medicinal mud with a granulator, oven drying at constant temperature of 75 deg.C, pulverizing with a Chinese medicinal herb pulverizer, sieving with 80 mesh sieve, bagging (1 kg/bag), and sealing in the shade.
Wherein the alcohol extract concentrated solution of the radix asparagi decoction pieces is prepared by the following steps: putting the radix asparagi decoction pieces into a water-insulated heating pot, adding 15% ethanol solution 9 times the weight of the radix asparagi decoction pieces, adding 1mol/L NaOH solution to adjust the pH value to 9, soaking for 0.5 h, and adjusting the pH value to 9 by using 1mol/L NaOH solution; then, extracting at 65 deg.C over water for 1.5h, filtering with gauze, extracting the filtrate once more, repeating twice, mixing the three extractive solutions, heating under reduced pressure, concentrating to density of 1.12-1.24g/mL (crude drug concentration of 1g/mL), and keeping for use.
Example 2
The formula is as follows: 5 parts of alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, 4 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder and 2 parts of liquorice powder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: same as example 1
Wherein the alcohol extract concentrated solution of the radix asparagi decoction pieces is prepared by the following steps: putting the radix asparagi decoction pieces into a water-insulated heating pot, adding 25% ethanol solution with the mass 12 times of that of the radix asparagi decoction pieces, adding 1mol/L NaOH solution to adjust the pH value to 11, soaking for 1.5 hours, and then adjusting the pH value to 11 by using 1mol/L NaOH solution; then, extracting for 3h at 80 deg.C over water, filtering with gauze, extracting the filtrate once more, repeating twice, mixing the three extractive solutions, heating under reduced pressure, concentrating to density of 1.18g/mL (crude drug concentration of 1g/mL), and keeping for use.
Example 3
The formula is as follows: 8 parts of alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, 6 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder and 3 parts of liquorice powder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: same as example 1
Wherein the alcohol extract concentrated solution of the radix asparagi decoction pieces is prepared by the following steps: putting the radix asparagi decoction pieces into a water-insulated heating pot, adding 35% ethanol solution 15 times the weight of the radix asparagi decoction pieces, adding 1mol/L NaOH solution to adjust the pH value to 13, soaking for 2.5 hours, and then adjusting the pH value to 13 by using 1mol/L NaOH solution; then, extracting at 95 deg.C over water for 4.5h, filtering with gauze, extracting the filtrate once more, repeating twice, mixing the three extractive solutions, heating under reduced pressure, concentrating to density of 1.24g/mL (crude drug concentration of 1g/mL), and keeping for use.
Research on ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen stress resistance of nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone
The method comprises the following steps: 1400 litopenaeus vannamei shrimps are randomly divided into 7 groups, each group is divided into 2 parallel groups, each group is divided into 100 parallel groups, and each group has 200 tail groups. 1 blank control group, 1 stress control group and 5 test dose groups were set, and the growth index, organ index and immunity index were measured after the additive obtained in example 1 was continuously administered in a mixed feed form for 35 days. The specific packet processing is shown in table 1. (growth indices: initial body length, terminal body length, initial body weight, terminal body weight, growth rate, rate of weight gain; organ index: liver body ratio; immunological indices: Phenoloxidase (PO), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), Total antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC))
TABLE 1 grouping and treatment of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the invention on the nitrite nitrogen stress test of Penaeus vannamei Boone
After 35 days of feeding test, randomly extracting 80 litopenaeus vannamei from each dosage group, uniformly distributing into 2 transparent storage boxes of 84.5cm multiplied by 57.5cm multiplied by 46.5cm, injecting water into the storage boxes for 60L, respectively adding ammonium chloride solution with the concentration of 46mg/L and sodium nitrite solution with the concentration of 20mg/L into each box for ammonia nitrogen stress and nitrite nitrogen stress test, carrying out ammonia nitrogen stress and nitrite nitrogen stress test for 72h, and feeding each group of feed as usual during the test period.
The results of the study are shown in tables 2 to 5.
TABLE 2 Effect of feeding the herbal feed additive of the invention on growth index for 35 days (M + -SD)
Note: the same ones in the same column of letter shoulder marks indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05) and the different ones in the letter shoulder marks indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect of feeding the herbal feed additive of the invention for 35 days on the immunological parameters (M + -SD)
Note: the same ones in the same column of letter shoulder marks indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05) and the different ones in the letter shoulder marks indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 Effect of acute Ammonia Nitrogen stress on immune index (M + -SD) 72 hours after 35 days of feeding with the herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention
Note: the same ones in the same column of letter shoulder marks indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05) and the different ones in the letter shoulder marks indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 5 Effect of acute nitrite nitrogen stress on immune index (M + -SD) 72 hours after 35 days of feeding the herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention
Note: the same ones in the same column of letter shoulder marks indicate insignificant difference (P >0.05) and the different ones in the letter shoulder marks indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
From the above results, it can be seen that: growth indexes show that different dosage groups can promote the growth and weight gain of the penaeus vannamei boone to different degrees, and the promotion effects of 4g/kg and 6g/kg are obvious compared with the blank group (p is less than 0.05); after the feed is mixed and fed for 35 days, all the immunological indexes of other dose groups are increased except that the T-AOC content of the 4g dose group is reduced but has no obvious difference compared with the blank group. Wherein, PO and AKP indexes of 4g/kg, 6g/kg and 8g/kg dose groups are obviously increased (p is less than 0.05), ACP indexes of 2g/kg, 4g/kg and 6g/kg dose groups are obviously increased (p is less than 0.05), and T-AOC indexes of 6g/kg and 8g/kg dose groups are obviously increased (p is less than 0.05); after acute ammonia nitrogen stress is carried out for 72 hours, AKP indexes of a 2g/kg dose group and a stress model group are remarkably improved (p is less than 0.05), T-AOC indexes of 2g/kg and 6g/kg dose groups and the stress group are remarkably improved (p is less than 0.05), and ACP indexes and PO indexes have no remarkable difference (p is more than 0.05); after 72 hours of acute nitrite nitrogen stress, PO of the 1g/kg dose group is obviously improved (p is less than 0.05) compared with the stress model group, ACP indexes of the 6g/kg dose group are obviously improved (p is less than 0.05), AKP indexes of the 4g/kg and 6g/kg dose groups are obviously improved (p is less than 0.05), and T-AOC indexes have no obvious difference (p is more than 0.05).
According to the test result, the clinical recommended usage amount of the nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for the penaeus vannamei boone is as follows: the feed is mixed for feeding, each kilogram of the feed is 6 grams, and the feed is continuously used for 35 days.
In conclusion, the product has obvious effect of improving the nonspecific immunity and the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei boone, can promote the growth and weight increment of the penaeus vannamei boone to a certain extent, and can effectively reduce the environmental stress problem caused by sudden change of growth conditions or transportation factors, reduce the death rate of the penaeus vannamei boone, improve the survival rate and increase the output of fishermen if being popularized and used.
Claims (10)
1. A Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for resisting nitrite nitrogen stress for penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by being prepared from radix asparagi, gynostemma pentaphylla and liquorice.
2. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, wherein: the radix asparagi is an alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces.
3. The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, which is prepared from 3-8 parts of an alcohol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, 2-6 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder and 1-3 parts of liquorice powder.
4. The preparation method of the nitrite nitrogen stress resistant Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: mixing the ethanol extract concentrated solution of radix asparagi decoction pieces, herba Gynostemmatis powder, and Glycyrrhrizae radix powder at a certain proportion, adding appropriate amount of food grade ethanol solution, dissolving, and stirring to obtain medicinal paste; and putting the medicinal mud into a granulator, uniformly mixing, drying in a baking oven at constant temperature, crushing and sieving to obtain the medicinal mud.
5. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the concentration of the food grade ethanol solution is 80%, the drying temperature is 75 ℃, and the food grade ethanol solution is sieved to 80 meshes.
6. The method for preparing Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 4, wherein the alcohol extract concentrated solution of the radix asparagi decoction pieces is prepared as follows: putting radix asparagi decoction pieces into a water-proof heating pot, adding ethanol solution, adding NaOH solution to adjust pH, soaking, and adjusting pH with NaOH solution; then, water-proof extraction, gauze filtration, re-extraction of the filtrate twice, merging the three extracting solutions, heating and concentrating under reduced pressure, and keeping for later use.
7. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the concentration of the ethanol solution is 15-35%, and the adding amount of the ethanol solution is 9-15 times of the mass of the radix asparagi decoction pieces.
8. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the concentration of the NaOH solution is 1 mol/L; and adjusting the pH value to 9-13.
9. The method for preparing the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: soaking for 0.5-2.5 hours; the temperature of the water-proof extraction is 65-95 ℃, and the time is 1.5-4.5 h; the concentration is carried out until the density is 1.12-1.24 g/ml.
10. The use method of the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of claim 4 is characterized in that: mixing the feed and feeding, adding 2-8 g of the feed per kg of the feed, and continuously using for 35 days.
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Citations (5)
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| CN101857644A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-10-13 | 广西大学 | Alcohol alkali extraction method of aspartic polysaccharide and production process |
| CN106418006A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-22 | 威海恒基伟业信息科技发展有限公司 | Prawn feed |
| US20180185430A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Yujia Zhu | Herbal Composition for Shrimp Disease |
| CN110140812A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-20 | 广西大学 | Prawn Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator and preparation method thereof |
| CN112450331A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-09 | 江西九正药业有限公司 | Composite premixed feed for prawns as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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2021
- 2021-12-20 CN CN202111564397.3A patent/CN114343079A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101857644A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-10-13 | 广西大学 | Alcohol alkali extraction method of aspartic polysaccharide and production process |
| CN106418006A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-22 | 威海恒基伟业信息科技发展有限公司 | Prawn feed |
| US20180185430A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | Yujia Zhu | Herbal Composition for Shrimp Disease |
| CN110140812A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-20 | 广西大学 | Prawn Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator and preparation method thereof |
| CN112450331A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-09 | 江西九正药业有限公司 | Composite premixed feed for prawns as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| XIAODONG XIE: "Effect of medical herbs in Tian-Dong-Tang-Gan powder on the oxidative stress induced by ammonia and nitrite in Litopenaeus vannamei", AQUACULTURE * |
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